Validate Sign Form Android

What is Functional Testing?Functional Testing is a form of testing performed for estimating the quality of a software product by verifying the features provided by the application with respect to client-requirement documentation. Before the start of software development, the requirement gathering team comes up with different sets of documents like Software Requirements Specification (SRS), Business Requirements Specification (BRS), Customer Requirements Specification (CRS), and Functional Testing is one measure to make sure whether all the documented requirements have been met & implemented as a part of the final product.The ‘test results’ are compared with the ‘expected results’ and based on the output/result, a particular functional testing is considered as ‘Pass/Fail’. Since it is a part of black-box testing, a test engineer well-versed with black-box testing methodologies can perform functional testing as well.Importance of Functional TestingAs discussed earlier, a tester acquainted with functional testing has to validate the software product from all angles and make sure that the requirements are well documented. Also, different requirement specification documents should be met in the product/application under test. Hence, functional testing is performed by the tester where the product is tested more from a customer/consumer point of view i.e. ‘customer requirements’, unlike Non-functional testing is performed by giving priority to ‘customer expectations’. We would look into the difference between Functional testing & Non-functional testing in subsequent sections.Functional Testing With ExampleNow, for instance we will consider some test factors to keep in mind while performing functional testing with example cases mentioned above.Screen testing: Allow a new user to sign-up using the sign-up page. A ‘returning’ user should be able to log-in using existing credentials and ‘Forgot Password’ feature should be in place in case the user does not remember the password. Performing the functional testing of example scenario, the team should test the ‘Sign-up & Sign-In’ page with different user/password combinations and record the output. They need to make sure that the navigation between screens is fast and features (listed in SRS) for this page are implemented.Feature testing: Based on the target market, the product team & development team would have identified the ‘potential browsers & devices’ on which the application should be fully-functional with respect to browser compatibility testing. To validate this scenario we perform ‘browser compatibility testing’ where the application is tested on a combination of different devices (desktops, mobiles, tablets, etc.), Operating Systems (Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, KaiOS, etc.), and Browsers (Firefox, Chrome, Opera, etc.).Role of Automated Functional Testing in 2019As Functional testing involves verification of the functionalities implemented in the product, the test team has to make sure that every ‘feature’ is tested. This also includes covering error scenarios and boundary conditions. Manual testing has its own set of limitations since you may need a bigger test team if your product has a huge number of features. This will increase the overall expenses. You may not be able to achieve best ‘test coverage’ if you only use manual testing and your QA might reject your product if it does not meet the necessary ‘coverage guidelines’.Automated Functional testing can come in handy in scenarios where your project is under extremely tight deadlines. It improves the overall productivity of the employees since they are engaged in more ‘interesting work’ and the organization can save time & cost.

What is Functional Testing?Functional Testing is a form of testing performed for estimating the quality of a software product by verifying the features provided by the application with respect to client-requirement documentation. Before the start of software development, the requirement gathering team comes up with different sets of documents like Software Requirements Specification (SRS), Business Requirements Specification (BRS), Customer Requirements Specification (CRS), and Functional Testing is one measure to make sure whether all the documented requirements have been met & implemented as a part of the final product.The ‘test results’ are compared with the ‘expected results’ and based on the output/result, a particular functional testing is considered as ‘Pass/Fail’. Since it is a part of black-box testing, a test engineer well-versed with black-box testing methodologies can perform functional testing as well.Importance of Functional TestingAs discussed earlier, a tester acquainted with functional testing has to validate the software product from all angles and make sure that the requirements are well documented. Also, different requirement specification documents should be met in the product/application under test. Hence, functional testing is performed by the tester where the product is tested more from a customer/consumer point of view i.e. ‘customer requirements’, unlike Non-functional testing is performed by giving priority to ‘customer expectations’. We would look into the difference between Functional testing & Non-functional testing in subsequent sections.Functional Testing With ExampleNow, for instance we will consider some test factors to keep in mind while performing functional testing with example cases mentioned above.Screen testing: Allow a new user to sign-up using the sign-up page. A ‘returning’ user should be able to log-in using existing credentials and ‘Forgot Password’ feature should be in place in case the user does not remember the password. Performing the functional testing of example scenario, the team should test the ‘Sign-up & Sign-In’ page with different user/password combinations and record the output. They need to make sure that the navigation between screens is fast and features (listed in SRS) for this page are implemented.Feature testing: Based on the target market, the product team & development team would have identified the ‘potential browsers & devices’ on which the application should be fully-functional with respect to browser compatibility testing. To validate this scenario we perform ‘browser compatibility testing’ where the application is tested on a combination of different devices (desktops, mobiles, tablets, etc.), Operating Systems (Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, KaiOS, etc.), and Browsers (Firefox, Chrome, Opera, etc.).Role of Automated Functional Testing in 2019As Functional testing involves verification of the functionalities implemented in the product, the test team has to make sure that every ‘feature’ is tested. This also includes covering error scenarios and boundary conditions. Manual testing has its own set of limitations since you may need a bigger test team if your product has a huge number of features. This will increase the overall expenses. You may not be able to achieve best ‘test coverage’ if you only use manual testing and your QA might reject your product if it does not meet the necessary ‘coverage guidelines’.Automated Functional testing can come in handy in scenarios where your project is under extremely tight deadlines. It improves the overall productivity of the employees since they are engaged in more ‘interesting work’ and the organization can save time & cost.

Well you cannot do anything. You have to generate a new keystore and upload a new app with a different package and disable the old app.I have seen that you have added a link in the description, both your app will be removed. Disable the old one as soon as possible, you cannot do that as per the policy.Android: I lost my android key store, what should I do?

You should not believe what is written in the Vedas. True. You should not believe anything, in fact! You should only go by your own experience.Fortunately, Vedas do not psignNow you to believe in something (anything) as a precursor, that cannot be questioned on logical basis or can not be brought into your own experience for verification and validation. Compare this statement to those which are rooted in “belief systems”.For instance:If you do not believe that there is a God (with a big capital G) and he created the world, you cannot go further in any Abrahamic belief systemIf you do not believe that there is an original sin and there is a judgement day, you cannot go further in Christian belief systemIf you do not believe that the creator does not have any limbs but yet he can hear the prayers, you cannot go further in Islamic belief system.If you do not believe that Mohammad is the messenger of divine message, and he is the final one in a chain, you cannot go further in Islamic belief system.Can any claim of the judgement day or original sin or proof of the listener of Salat be validated & verified right here on earth while you are alive before you die? You can only speculate, or put in more appealing words - trust/believe.On a stark contrary, the Vedas are sign boards only giving direction signs. They do not have any belief system. They do not force you to a belief system. You are at your 100% free will whether to take them, or ignore them, or debate them (in standard logical tarka & mīmamsa methods), or outright reject and form your own religion. All are okay. You will not be burned for blasphemy or threatened that someone will judge you and punish you till eternity.When you drive to a destination, you see sign boards. Sign boards have these distinct qualities:They are for a definite purposeThey are real, however, their reality is for the sole purpose of guiding you. As long as you are driving (or wandering, or lost in nowhere, to be more direct), you need them more and more. In your destination, they have no use.They are planted there by other humans who knew the directions. They knew all the possible ways from where you stand, and which leads to where.Those who made the sign boards surely know something better than you regarding the direction, so to help you, before you arrived there, they placed guidance sign boards. They have thought through elaborately on where to place which sign board, of what size. They have invested their time & energy for you.The directions are not made from simple co-travelers who knew bits of the road. They are not randomly placed on the road. They are designed by those who knew the full terrain and traveled in the surroundings several times back and forth all the way till the final destination (or dead end) of each road.They are not made through guesswork. They are precise, with quantified distances and extent of turns needed.The knowledge from the directions can be re-adopted to the 21st century, for its not in its words or no one dictated a book to you. You can build an Android map app with animations & visualizations, but the underlying knowledge they use about the roads, intersections, exits will be the same. Whether you preserve the directions as a word of mouth, or write it in stone, or print it in books, or mobile apps, the knowledge is same. It never expires so long as the roads exist.Quoting from Yogi Ramacharaka’s 1903 published book 14 Principles of Yogic Philosophy:This is the way; enter upon it, and on the path you will find the things of which I have taught you; handle them, weigh them, measure them, taste them, and know for yourself. When you signNow any point of the path you will know as much of it as did I or any other soul at that particular stage of the journey; but until you signNow a particular point, you must either accept the statements of those who have gone before or reject the whole subject of that particular point. Accept nothing as final until you have proven it (yourself); but, if you are wise, you will profit by the advice and experience of those who have gone before. Every man must learn by experience, but men may serve others as pointers of the way. At each stage of the journey it will be found that those who have progressed a little further on the way have left signs and marks and guideposts for those who follow. The wise man will take advantage of these signs. I do not ask for blind faith, but only for confidence until you are able to demonstrate for yourselves the truths I am passing on to you, as they were passed on to me, by those who went before.When it comes to knowledge-based questions (like, the whereabouts of something), even you give only direction signs, you don’t pass on a belief to others.Let me ask you: While you are seated in an air-conditioned closed space on 18th floor of a building in a dense city, if I come to you and ask “What is Moon? Where can I find Moon?”, will you give me the coordinates of the moon or guiding direction signs as a knowledge capsule that I can use to know it myself? No one can give coordinates of the moon as there is no GPS location for the moon in outer space. There is no absolute location. Everything is relative location from where you see it. So you’ll first give a negation direction like “These walls are not the moon. These objects in the room are not moon. This illuminating LED bulb is not the moon. You can not see Moon from here as it is obscured by all these walls. Moon is right above you but in order to see it you need to go to a clear place” then you’ll guide me to where to go: “Go to the terrace 64th floor. As this is the tallest building in the city, chances are that nothing will obscure you. Look up and find the brightest and largest object. That would be the Moon”. You did not say “I’ve seen the moon and you must believe what I say”. You did not say “I will describe the moon and you take my words. Pass these on to generations on how moon looks like. Centuries later when the language itself changes, you folks figure out what I meant in my words”. You did not do any of these, which you can call as passing on a belief. What you did is transfer your knowledge about something that you experienced as a direction guidance to me so that I can also experience the same in my first hand experience. Until I go out and see the moon, it is neither your belief imposed on me nor a religiously-binding dogma that you need to take. Once I see the moon myself, no one need to describe what moon is to me, or inculcate fear that there is a moon and I must believe in its existence.Vedas give similar direction signs for the eternal questions of mankind, like:Who am I?What is the world around me? What is my relation to it? Did someone make it? Did it evolve? Out of what? How?How to be happy? How to be prosperous?How to be free? What is death? What happens beyond death? How did I come here?Why do these untoward situations happen in life? What can I do to remove them? What can I do to avoid them?How to gain knowledge in the fastest accelerated manner? How much knowledge can be gained? What is Infinite?How is rain raining? How are trees growing? Is there co-relation between various events to a single root cause of the nature & world from which everything can be explained?Is it possible to defy death?Which lifestyle is most conducive to success in life?Why are there rules & mathematical patterns throughout anything we can see in nature?What is Consciousness?What is Life?To give an indication of what Vedas do as sign boards for your life, I made these illustrations:Note: These illustrations are just to give an idea of what type of directions Vedas would give for your journey called LIFE. DO NOT think that Vedas are books with traffic signs in them!!

I recently noticed changes Google rolled out to this process . I tried them on iOS and Google Chrome on desktop.This is how I was able to reset and recover my account without any questions :Try to sign into gmail and go to Forgot Password on desktop Chrome browser.Google prompts you to enter any form of password you remember. Enter anything you remember.Google prompts you to open the Google app in iOS on your iPhone and validateOnce you open the Google App, an enter new password fields appear immediately on your browser screen.Tried this on iOS. Not sure if the same works on Android but I bet it does.Good luck

I'm creating a new web series for those students who wants to learn kotlinKotlin Programing : Basic Syntax, Variables, Datatypes and Comments - Kotlin Programing : Basic Syntax, Variables, Datatypes and Comments

Kotlin will overtake Java for Android app development. Improve career options with Android Studio. Create your own appCourse link- Android Kotlin Development Masterclass using Android OreoWhat Will You Learn?You’re taught step by step HOW to build Android apps for Google’s Oreo platform using Kotlin that will work on older Android versions.With each comprehensive step, the WHY you’re doing it is explained.You’ll have EXPERT LEVEL knowledge of the Kotlin programming language and know exactly how each process of Android Oreo development works.The course is continually UPDATED, so you’ll learn the very latest as Android Oreo evolves.NEW CONTENT is always being added, and you’re covered with full lifetime access to the course.SUPPORT is mind blowing – questions you have are answered that day.The EXPERTISE to be an Android Oreo Kotlin app developer as taught by the best.The skills you’ll learn are in HIGH DEMAND. You’ve learned to program like an expert. Go get that job!Requirements To Take this Course:A computer – Windows, Mac, and Linux are all supported. Setup and installation instructions are included for each platform.Your ENTHUSIASM to learn the worlds #1 app development framework, and then to showcase it on your RESUME!Everything else needed to write apps for Android 8 Oreo with Kotlin is already included in the course.Who is the target audience for this Course?The course is 100% for you if you’re wanting to be a kickass Android Kotlin app programmer!No previous programming experience is assumed.However, if you’re already an expert Android Kotlin programmer with knowledge of all the latest updates, then this course is not for you.Description By Course Instructor:There’s no getting around it.Android accounts for 81.7% of all smartphones sold, but not all come packed with the very latest Android Oreo.That won’t worry you because after completing this course, the apps you build will perform brilliantly on Android Oreo or any older Android operating system.Now that’s something most courses don’t teach you!So, you want to be an Android 8 Oreo programmer using the new Kotlin Programming Language?Choosing a course that’s perfect for you can be damn hard. You need Instructors:· Who are passionate about what they do.· Keep their courses continually updated.· And most important, provide outstanding support and follow up to your questions.In this course, you will discover the power of Android app development, and obtain the skills to dramatically increase your career prospects as a software developer. You’ll also have a head start over other developers using obsolete tools and earlier versions of Android.Android is continually being updated, so OLD versions of the operating systems will have features from the latest version. It’s called AppCompat, which is a set of support libraries used to make apps developed with newer versions, work with older versions.But it only works if the developer codes it a right way. It doesn’t just happen by default. The way I teach you in this Masterclass course is the right way!With my course, you get the best of both worlds. You’re taught to write code for the latest version of Android Oreo with a strong focus on AppCompat. That way, the apps you build will also support older versions of Android.Most Android courses just focus on teaching app development for the current Oreo version (or if you are lucky, the previous version Nougat). What that means is you’re only taught to make apps for the latest version of Android, and that alienates a huge user base.With my course, that’s not the case. Your skill level is maximized so your app signNowes more users, which means more downloads, which means more money.Starting is easy because no previous programming experience is needed. NONE! If you do have it, great. Or maybe you just want to brush up on your Android development skills, and that’s fantastic too.The course is presented using a combination of video, slides and diagrams, all designed to teach you everything you need to know.This is what you’ll learn in the course:· Develop apps for the very latest version of Android 8 Oreo that also work on older Android devices running older versions of the Android operating system.· Download, install and configure the necessary (free) software.· Create your first app.· Build a range of apps demonstrating key aspects of the Android framework.· Test your apps on emulators or a real Android phone or tablet.· You’ll learn Kotlin programming because Google have just recently added support for Kotlin to Android app development. Included are Kotlin tutorial videos that will get you up to speed fast.· Ensure your apps work with current and older Android versions on phones and tablets.· Use Android studio 3, the newest version of Google’s premier Android tool.· Learn how to use databases, web services, and even get your apps to speak!· Understand the all new Constraint layout, for “drag and drop” screen creation.· Use powerful libraries of code to play videos, download website data, manipulate images, and a whole lot more!To reinforce what you’ve learnt during the course, there are numerous challenges designed to help you understand each concept being taught. You’re also shown the solution to the challenge so you know you’re always on the right track.The course is continually updated and enhanced, and fully supports Android Oreo as it evolves. New content is added each week, guaranteeing what you’re learning is relevant for you today and will never be obsolete.With many courses, it’s just set and forget. But not with mine! I’ve got a PROVEN track record of continually updating and adding new content. An example is my Java Masterclass course which now has 70 hours of content and counting, and benefited a whopping 150,000 students.And if you have any doubts about the course, be blown away by the glowing reviews left by students on this page.Your instructors are me and Jean-Paul Roberts. Between us we have a collective 60 years of commercial software development experience, meaning you’re learning the right way to program to maximize your future development potential.Here’s what’s important. There’re a lot of people out there teaching Android development who are not developers. We’re developers with many years’ experience with the Android platform, who also teach Android Oreo.Importantly, our courses teach students the real-life skills needed to get those in-demand jobs or further your programming skills.Take this course in confidence today knowing you have just found the BEST Android 8 Oreo Kotlin course on Udemy! Don’t delay. Every minute you’re not learning Android Oreo is a missed opportunity for that PERFECT high paying job.

I’m currently 28 and I can tell you how I spend my time:I’m a follower of the Buddhist teachings and spend a lot of time engaging in meditation, studying, attending the Temple and contemplation.I get in over 300 minutes of exercise a week. It sounds like a lot but I can not stress how signNow exercise is to your overall wellbeing.I’m also unfortunately STILLLLLLLL in school. I’ve had a lot of personal issues that have really affected me throughout the years (emotional issues). A lot of my time is spent reading newspapers, magazines, school work, and books outside of school within the social sciences (history, politics, economics, and law) as well as books related to my personal life - Buddhism and psychology.I live on my own so I have to work. I hold two jobs and unfortunately that eats out a lot of time I wish I could devote to both my spiritual and emotional life as well as school.I know this is bad to put on the bottom of my list, but I spend some time with my family. Growing up as a teen, I was emotionally a wreck and wild and uncontrollable. I had frequent rages and outbursts which really negatively strained my family bonds. As I entered my 20s I realized the significance of family and now soon to be entering my 30s (I’m EXACTLY 28.5 years) I realize truly just how important and signNow one’s family is. My family is small, so it doesn’t take up too much time.Unfortunately I don’t have a girlfriend, though some day I hope to get one and get married, kids, so on and so forth. So this isn’t really an arena within my life. I’m sure if I had a girlfriend it would take up A LOT of time, time which I don’t have. Right now I’m focused on just being by myself and being comfortable in my own skin. If I can be happy alone, than missus right in due time assuredly will come.I have a few friends but definitely not the usual social circle that most people in their 20s have, which I very much wish I did have, to be brutally honest with you. Though I can make friendships easily and have no problem interacting with others, I am very much a loner. I don’t really have many friends that I can call up and kick it with, sadly, but it is what it is. Life has been very challenging over the years and friendships have arisen and decayed. At this stage of my life I’m just really seeking to resolve my personal issues. Friends will come, so long as you’re willing to be a friend to another.What I would advise anyone in their 20’s is this:Work hard! Be disciplined. Have friends, but prioritize your future. Friends come and go, but you’re in this for the long haul. Prioritize your education. I know this may sound strange coming from a 28 year old, but I don’t have the level of energy I did when I was 18 and your energy levels and prime and peaks of your life are ever on the decline. (I say that not as a jaded, depressed, cynical person, but as a realist). Invest in YOURSELF!!!!!! I can not stress that enough. Make sure you’re eating healthy, nutritious home cooked meals. Spend time with your family, ESPECIALLY your parents. Make them proud and honour them by working hard and being successful within your academic studies. Read, read, READ!!! Read as much as possible. Knowledge is just like compound interest (Warren Buffet is the one who said this first and I AGREE 100 percent!!), it accumulates over time. I would say the most critical stage of one’s life is from age 16 to age 32. What you really do between those years cements your character, destiny and fate. I know I said this before, but again, WORK HARD. Don’t be a slacker. One thing I really regret is wasting so much time watching television, movies, and listening to ridiculously stupid music. Don’t waste time in idleness nor stupidity. Also, keep your finances in check. Pay your bills on time, accumulate savings, and develop good credit and standing with the bank.Have friends! (I wish I had more like-minded, successful, positive friends. They will come though.) Develop strong friendships with good, respectable people. Don’t just befriend any Tom, Dick, or Harry. Only keep company with people moving in a good direction.I don’t have much experience within the field romance, so I can’t really advise you on this. I’ve been with a few girls when I was in my teens but haven’t been with one for quite a while now. It’s dry as the Sahara desert right now. HAHAHAHAHAH!! (Sad face)Schedule personal time to just do you. Read literature. Read about the excelled elite within their respective professions - health, science, finance, etc. Relax and be at ease. Work hard, but relax too. Keep your peace of mind a top priority at all costs!26 is a wonderful age, and if used skillfully and wisely, it can be the stepping stone to further greatness. Don’t make the grave mistake of thinking that you’re young and can just idly relax and have fun. That’s pure foolishness to think so and don’t ever, ever listen to anyone who says 26 is an age to just relax and mindlessly be an idiot. 26 is CRITICAL to your future. The years roll by like leaves falling from trees and before you know it, you will enter into your 30s! (Scary!!!) haha. :)All the best!

This is a bit of an explosion in a Spaghetti factory, the cause is really simple but the end effect looks confusing and perhaps worse then it actually is.  To get to the answer we will have to visit an alphabet soup of acronyms. Blazing A New Trial Is Filled With SetbacksI knew this showdown was coming for quite a while and it was just a matter of time before something happens.  Although many will point to a conspiracy the primary basis Visa Europe (not Visa Inc.) is using is a valid reading of the rules.The EMV StandardThe rules I am speaking of are the basis for EMV Certification requirements. EMV [1] stands for Europay, MasterCard and VISA and have established a global standard for inter-operation of IC cards and chip cards.  EMV was formed as a way to standardize all the independent protocols that existed up to that point.  The premise of EMV was to mitigate fraud by requiring the chip card to be read by an EMV terminal and the card holder entering in a PIN at the time of the transaction.  The system is called Chip and PIN and is the central part of a CVM (Cardholder Verification Method) that EMV supports.  Chip and PIN replaces Swipe and Sign that is entering in the final years in the US as EMV/NFC will become required.  In a perfect world for EMV would have had a world wide adoption at the same time, however this never materialized. Currently there are 8 CVMs recognized under EMV rules:Signature and signature and swipe (mag stripe swipe)Offline plaintext PINOffline enciphered PINOffline plaintext PIN and signatureOffline enciphered PIN and signatureOnline PINNo CVM requiredFail CVM processing"Free" Costs Someone, SomethingThe business model of giving away the payment card reader so that income can be made by merchants using the service is the predominate model used by payment startups today.  Thus the final cost of the payment card reader is critically important.  If the reader cost pennies the risk exposure to losses from merchants not using the service of the startup payment card processing company is minimal.  If the reader cost is in dollars the risk compounds quite quickly.  The reality in payment card processing for micro merchants is that many either never use the device, or use it so rarely that it could take years to recoup the cost of the free payment card reader.  I can show that the numbers can be as high as 85% of micro merchants that fall in to these two categories.  Thus as these payment startups expand they could face the melting ice effect of losing more money to give away free payment card readers as they add more micro merchants.  For example in the US Square recently increased its cost to manufacture the Square payment card reader from a few pennies to over $10 final shipped cost [2].  This was prompted by encryption rules for mobile phone card readers that will be made public soon by the Payment Card Industry Council. This rather large increase in the cost to acquire a merchant could have a large impact on revenue growth.The iZettle ProblemThe EMV requirements are enforced by the acquiring Bank and are driven by input from the card associations.  The ideal CVM for a EMV transaction when the cardholder is using a fully functioning EMV card is Online PIN.   This is where the cardholder presents the card to the EMV reader/PIN pad and scans the card and successfully enters in a PIN.Currently the iZettle card reader does accept EMV cards, however the CVM in use does not allow for a PIN entry.  The reason is based on standards, new technology and costs.  In the markets affected, to be compliant with all EVM levels of certification, separate PIN entry hardware would be required to collect the PIN and send it through the iOS device or Android device.  Currently a non dedicated device using a touch screen for PIN entry is disallowed.  Thus to meet the full EMV certification standard iZettle would have to supply an EMV reader and a PIN device.  This would raise the costs to perhaps $50 in high quantities.  As a startup or and existing profitable company it will never be justified to give a $50 device to a micro merchant.  Up to this point iZettle chose to blaze a new trial called Chip and Sign for its system.  Under current EMV certifications this is really not specified as the "primary" CVM.  This method is a hybrid of the old Swipe and Sign and Chip and PIN.  It was a logical compromise for a company that must give away the payment card reader.  Using this system actually "raised" the Interchange cost to iZettle to a "Mail Order" / "Failed CVM" transaction.The problem is for any number of reasons Visa Europe (not Visa, Inc.) has ruled that iZettle's CVM was not fully complaint (perhaps using PCI DSS compliance as one reason) and seems not motivated to support it at this point.  However MasterCard and Eurocard have provisionally allowed iZettles CVM.  Not coincidentally, MasterCard became an iZettle investor recently.  This fact may have motivated Visa Europe to take more direct notice of the Chip and Sign CVM used by iZettle but they have been in talks for the last year.Not A Conspiracy This could be bad news for any startup company that wants to move in to markets that use EMV certifications.  Some have made allegations that Visa Inc's investment into Square may have motivated this reaction.  This seems far from likely, even in an indirect way as this ruling will have a direct impact on Square using Chip and Sign in these markets and will be forced to the same hard choices iZettle faces. Payment Card Startups: Hard ChoicesThis leaves any payment card startup in these markets with a few hard choices:Blaze a new trail and hope for regulation changesProvide a free Chip and Pin smartphone readerTemporally use Swipe and Sign Use a new and unannounced CVMIt seems that many startups will unwisely choose to temporally use Swipe and Sign in these markets.  There are dozens of reasons this will not be a good option even in the short term.It seems iZettle will have to move to a Swipe and Sign in the markets impacted or just process MasterCard and Europay, about 65% of the market in the impacted areas. ____1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMV2) What are the components in the square reader (bill of materials)? What is the rough cost of each dongle?