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module for the Establishment Clause the Establishment Clause the establishment clauses text is ambiguous because it's not immediately apparent with the phrase respecting an establishment of religion actually prohibits for example some might conclude that the prohibition against laws respecting an establishment of religion precludes Congress from enacting laws or regulatory policies that contain any reference to or even acknowledgement of religion considering however that United States currency contains the words In God We Trust and that religious symbols are erected throughout the Capitol building to commemorate religions historical role in the United States founding is evident that the inclusion or acknowledgement of religion does not always violate the Establishment Clause the clauses text does not delineate the boundary between when and under what circumstances a federal law that acknowledges or accommodates religion is permissible or whether such a law constitutes respecting an establishment of religion not surprisingly there are four courts including the Supreme Court often struggle to define the Establishment Clause is precise scope and meaning particularly when applying it to different contexts in this module we will examine the legal standards that the courts particularly the Supreme Court have established when interpreting the Establishment Clause and apply these standards to various contexts in Everson V Board of Education the Supreme Court set forth the primary purpose underlying the Establishment Clause saying that the establishment of religion clause means at least this neither a state nor the federal government may set up a church neither can pass laws that aid one religion aid all religions or prefer one religion over another neither can force a person to go to or to remain away from church against his will or force him to profess a belief or disbelief in any religion neither a state nor the federal government may openly or secretly participate in the affairs of any religious organizations or groups and vice versa in the words of Jefferson the claws against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state thus the government may not through duly enacted laws or official actions show a preference for Christianity over Judaism or for Protestantism over Buddhism instead Congress must remain officially neutral regarding religion the purpose is to ensure that the government does not implicitly discourage or devalue specific religions or religious practices or implicitly coerce citizens into adhering to a particular religious denomination or practice doing so would be antithetical to the core values upon which the United States was founded including Liberty autonomy and freedom of expression the Supreme Court has created several legal tests that are used in specific contexts to determine if a law violates the Establishment Clause these include the Lemon test coercion tests and endorsement tests Establishment Clause tests in lemon V Kurtzman the Supreme Court created a three-part standard to assess whether a law violates the Establishment Clause first courts must determine if the law or government action has a secular purpose the purpose...