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FAQs
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What are some mind blowing facts about the Indian Air Force?
Indian Air Force is an interesting topic to read and know about with many jaw-dropping facts that are particularly unbeknownst to the general populace of one of the largest air forces in the world. Here I will discuss some 11 amazing facts about the Indian Air Force from past and the present which I hope , people would like to know about :A. When IAF inducted 140 Fighters in just 1.5 years !You read that right. After the 1965 Indo-Pak War , Indian Air Force was heavily modernizing its combat fleet and to stop the squadron numbers from diminishing. For this purpose , Sukhoi Su-7 was selected which was the first Sukhoi to serve in Indian Air Force. The procurement were done in a record time which were quite unprecedented as Indian Air Force went on to induct 140 Su-7 in just 1.5 Years which was almost 8 Fighters each month. No.26 Squadron first converted to Su-7 followed by No.101 Squadron and during the induction process , IAF raised some 6 Strike Squadrons which served with distinction during the 1971 Indo-Pak War.B. When an Indian Air Force Mig-25 shot the sun !A Lamborghini Huracan Avio posing in front of the MiG-25 Foxbat at Indian Air Force Museum at Palam AFSOn 24th October 1995 , an IAF Mig-25 ‘Garuda’ flown by Group Captain, Air Marshal Mukerji shot the sun during the total solar eclipse which might sound simple but was quite challenging as the pilots were required to be specialized in navigation and earth’s geometry. An upward looking camera was cued by the pilot towards the sun while another pilot flew the ‘Garuda’ in the exact direction as the earth rotated around the sun. They filmed the magnificent scene from the stratosphere for one and more minutes. Mig-25 was one of the legends of Indian Air Force which served as a Strategic Reconnaissance Aircraft and its presence was kept as a secret for many years as it flew many hostile High-Risk Sorties in enemy airspace clicking high defenition pictures of enemy installments on the ground.C. Indian Air Force ‘Mammoth Formation’ :The largest Indian Air Force Formation flew from Ambala Air Force Station on 1987–88 which was nicknamed the “Mammoth Formation”. These aircrafts consisted of Canberra Bomber Aircraft , Mig-25 “Garuda” , Mig-29 “Baaz” , Ajeet , Mirage 2000 , Mig-27 “Bahadur” , Hawker Hunter , Jaguar “Shamsher” , Mig-23MF and finally the good-old Mig-21.D. When an Indian Air Force Military Transport Aircraft flew without using propellers :Here is an Indian Air Force C-119G Flying Boxcar Military Transport Aircraft somewhere in 1960s. If you closely notice this particular photo , the propellers are idle and the engine has been put off. Now you must be wondering how is this particular aircraft flying.This has been made possible only by its Orpheus Jet pod which has been placed on top of its fuselage. The aircraft is flying solely due to the power supplied by the pod as it was utilized by IAF to shorten the takeoff distance thereby enabling the aircraft of Short Takeoff and Landing Capabilities. IAF also used the J34 turbojet engine for short take-off and IAF’s C-119 also holds the record for being the first aircraft to take-off from the Daulat Beg Oldi with an Orpheus Pod.E. How was Garud Commando Force established :In early stages , PARA SF and MARCOS Officers advised the top brass of Indian Air Force to establish a dedicated Commando Force modeled on the Commando Force of Royal Air Force Regiment. They also advised IAF Officers to procure few numbers of C-130J Strategic Airlifters which can be used to air drop the Commandos in Combat Search and Rescue Missions and also in high-threat missions. Garuds were established on same lines as RAF Regiments and were trained on similar lines as PARA SF and MARCOS though the top brass of Indian Air Force did not pay heed to the second recommendation and no additional C-130J were procured.F. Indian Air Force was the first Air Force to Operate Fighter Jets in Asia :Indian Air Force inducted de Havilland Vampires with the No.7 Squadron “Battle Axes” in 1949 making Indian Air Force the first Air Force in Asia to induct Fighter Jets in its inventory. Vampire served in almost all Fighter Squadrons of Indian Air Force for a span of over 3 decades as a Fighter-Bomber and Reconnaissance Aircraft.G. Indian Air Force was the first Air Force to induct an indigenous Fighter Jet in Asia (outside Soviet Union ) :HF-24 was the first indigenous Fighter Jet which was inducted by an Asian Air Force outside Soviet Union. Conceptualized for Air Staff Requirement (ASR) as a Multi-Role Fighter jet , HF-24 was never realized to its true potential as it was primarily used as a Fighter-Bomber for Ground Attacks. It was inducted by No.10 Daggers Squadron of Indian Air Force in April 1967 making Indian Air Force the first Asian Air Force outside Soviet Union to induct an indigenously made Fighter Jet.H. When an Indian Air Force Mig-21 almost shot down an Indian Helicopter in a Special Operation :During 1971 Indo-Pak War , an Indian Alouette 3 helicopter was flying for a Special Operation in a hostile zone where no supposed friendlies were to be spotted. The helicopter was spotted by an Indian Air Force Mig-21 who decided to engage the helicopter by firing its 57mm Rockets , considering it an enemy asset , which was quickly dodged off by the Alouette Pilot. Realizing his miscalculation , he decided to re-engage the helicopter but that attack was also dodged off by the helicopter pilot. This time the Mig-21 pilot did not wanted to take any risk and closely approached the Helicopter and finally noticed the Indian markings on it. He sighed in relief as he has almost shot down the friendlies.I. Ashok Chakra Roundel for Indian Air Force :After Independence in 1947 , Indian Air Force adopted new markings for its Fighter Aircrafts in June 1948 to distinguish itself from the Royal Indian Air Force Markings. The roundel adopted by Indian Air Force was a ‘Ashok Chakra’ on the Fuselage and the wings. Since these roundels were difficult to paint in correct dimensions , they were soon replaced by Saffron White Green Roundels . Nevertheless these Ashok Chakra Roundels saw service during the 1947–48 Kashmir War when IAF Aircrafts flew with these markings.J. Missiles on Overwing Pylons !Indian Air Force utilized the unusual provision on the SEPECAT Jaguar Aircrafts to mount Air-to-Air Missiles like Matra R.550 Magic on overwing pylons thus freeing the underwing pylons to carry other weapons like Bombs and Missiles. The advantage of this was a quick height gain for Air-to-Air Missiles when they are launched at enemy interceptors at higher altitude who might arrive in the scene to intercept the low flying Jaguar Strike Aircraft. It also helped in additional payload carrying capacity for the Jaguars and is truly an amazing capability with an IAF Fighter still in service after 3 decades.K. First Indian Air Force Fighter with an InfraRed Search and Track System :IRST is a system deployed on Aircrafts to detect and track potential hostiles by scanning their Infrared Signatures. Indian Air Force was one of the first Air Force to deploy an IRST System on it's frontline Fighter Aircraft. IAF's Mig-23MF was fitted with TP-23 IRST at its undernose with the legacy continued by Su-30MKIs and Mig-29UPG at present and by Rafales in future.L. ‘Eye in the Sky' for Indian Air Force :India has acquired 3 EL/W-2090 Airborne Early Warning and Control Radar System from Israel to serve as the ‘Eye in the Sky' for Indian Air Force mounted on A-50EI Platform . This Radar System was adjudged as the most advanced AEW&C by Federation of American Scientists in 1999 and 2008 Articles. It can detect a fighter sized target at a distance of 500 kilometres relying on its L-Band AESA radar. It can also carry out L-band radar, then adds electronic and communications intelligence gathering (ELINT and COMINT ).Hope my answer serves the purpose =)References :Sukhoi-7 BMK - A whale of a fighterhttps://www.livefistdefence.com/...This Stunning Old Photo Of An IAF ‘Mammoth Formation’ Just Showed UpEL/W-2090 - WikipediaStory behind missiles over the wings (25 Photos)https://www.secretprojects.co.uk...Indian Air Force Gallery :: De Havilland Vampire F3 and FB52 (Single Seaters) - Bharat RakshakRoundels (Independence and Chakra)HAL HF-24 Marut - Wikipedia
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What is the most amount of money paid by a company to have their product placed into a movie?
Q. What is the most amount of money paid by a company to have their product placed into a movie?A. Heineken paid $45 million dollars for product placement in the James Bond movie Spector.Movie & Film Product Placement — What’s the Cost and What’s the Value?Product placement in film is everywhere. That billboard Iron Man destroys while flying through it— whatever brand is on that billboard paid to be there. (In the latest Xmen movie there is a semi-super blatant example of this in the final fight scene). At least three times a movie I annoyingly pause the TV to point out the subtle branding ... What are the biggest tracker networks and what can I do about them? When you visit a website, you are of course observable by the site itself, but you are also observable by third-party trackers that the site embeds in its code. You might be surprised to learn that the vast majority of websites include many of these third-party trackers. Websites includ...
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What is a PD bond in Customs? How does it help me as a trader?
Hi PD Bond is always safeguarding (Indemnity) the Indian Government revenue since it is heading to The President of India / Commissioner of Customs . Whenever you clear the cargo /goods on provisional clearance or may be final clearance ,even while Apply for any duty refund with customs . Kindly refer below Customs Notification for details understanding.OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS (IMPORT)JAWAHARLAL NEHRU CUSTOM HOUSE, NHAVA SHEVA,DIST. RAIGAD,MAHARASHTRAhttp://F.NO. EDI-13/02-03 JNCH Date:01/12/2003Standing Order No.81/2003Sub: ICES - Bond Management System � Modifications � reg.Attention of all Officers and Staff Members at Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House is invited to the Bond Management Procedure vide Public Notice No. 6/2002 dated 18.02.2002 regarding centralized Bond Management System. The existing procedure of Bond Management System is modified to the following extent as given below, which will come into effect from 01.12.2003.1 Bond Management SystemThe Indian Customs EDI System (ICES) proposes to introduce Bond Cell, which will be responsible for maintenance of documents related to Bonds, Bank Guarantees and Undertakings. Officers of the rank of DC/AC shall handle the Bonds. The Bond Cell will be responsible for the following:- Registration of Bonds/undertakings, Bank Guarantees, Sureties- Debit and Credit of Bonds for EDI B/Es and Manual B/Es- Closure of Bonds, Bank Guarantees- Enhancements- Issue of recovery notices- Issue of reminders- Generation of MIS reportsAll categories of bonds, including the Revolving / Continuity and the Specific Bonds have to be registered and maintained in the Central Bond Cell. The Appraising Groups will determine the Bond requirements, the type and the amount of bond is to be decided by the Appraising Officer of the Group and approved by the Assistant Commissioner/Deputy Commissioner. However, the system will assist in determining the type of Bond / BG and value. Bond requirement details will be printed on the B/E after the assessment. The details include the type of Bond, amount and the Bank Guarantee.2 Bond Cells(A) The Appraising Groups of Import Commissionerate will handle the following bonds for the Bills of Entry pertaining to Group 1 to 7.Provisional Duty Bond - GeneralTest BondEnd Use Bond / UndertakingProvisional Duty Bond - Project Imports(B) The DC/AC Bond and the Bond Department of Import Commissionerate will handle the following Bonds for imports in Import.Extra Duty DepositTransit BondWarehouse Bond (including Tank licence Bond)100% EOU Bonds (3 in 1 Bonds),Procurement Certificate and Re-ware housing Certificate.The DC bond, will be a nodal officer for all bonds being registered in Jawaharlal Nehru Customs House. The bond department will attend to all kinds of miscellaneous works with respect to all bonds in Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House.3 Registration of BondThe bond module provides for registration of all Bonds / Undertakings, Bank Guarantees, Sureties etc. in the system. The importer shall furnish the following details for registration at Service Centre-II located at New Administrative Bldg., 2ndfloor, A-wing. In case of specific bonds, the Bill of Entry has to be filed first. After the assessment of the B/E the bond details as mentioned below shall be submitted for bond registration: -.Bonds / Undertakings- IEC- Bond Type- Bond Amount *- Revolving / Specific- Date of Bond- Date of Expiry- Date of enforcement- Whether BG Y/N- Surety Y/N- Cash Deposit Y/N- Remarks* for Bonds already executed, the existing balance to be captured as opening balance in the LedgerBG Details- Serial No. (as given by the Bank)- Bank branch code- Bank name- BG amount- BG date- Expiry date of BG- Date of enforcement- RemarksSurety Details- Serial No. ( as given by the party )- Surety Name- Address- Identification particulars of surety (CHA code, Chartered Accountant Registration No. Etc.)- RemarksCash Deposit- Challan No.- Date- Amount- Date of DepositThe bond detail shall be entered in the Service Centre-II. On entry, system will assign a job no. and checklist will be generated. The importers / CHA shall satisfy with the correctness of details in the checklist. The corrections if any shall be made and job shall be submitted.After submission, the job shall be forwarded to AC /DC designated to accept the bond. The importer shall present the original bond documents to the respective designated AC / DC for acceptance.The AC /DC shall observe all the instructions regarding acceptance of bond issued by the Board / Custom House from time to time. After satisfying that the documents submitted are in order & acceptable the AC/DC shall retrieve the bond details on screen by entering the job no., view the entries made in the system. If the information in the system match with the documents & conditions for acceptance of the bonds are satisfied, the AC / DC may accept the bond in the system. The AC/ DC can also make corrections in the system if so required. After acceptance of the bond by AC / DC the bond documents shall be taken by the bond officer / bond clerk of the Appraising Groups/Bond Section. The Bond officer/ Bond clerk after receipt of the Bond / BG / Security etc. shall enter in the system the location of bond storage where the bond documents have to be physically stored. At this stage the system will generate the bond registration No. This Registration Number has to be endorsed on the original documents and also communicated to the importer for their future reference. The original Bond alongwith zerox copy of BG shall be retained in the safe custody of the Appraising Groups/Bond section. The AC/DC incharge of Appraising Groups/Bond department shall monitor the validity/extension of Bond/BG and take enforcement action/cancellation at appropriate time and finalize the same. The original BG shall be detached by the Bond Clerk of Appraising Group/Bond department and sent it to the C.A.O. under proper acknowledgement for safe custody.In case of continuity bond, the bond has to be registered first and then only B/Es have to be filed.4 Bond Registration NumberSystem would maintain a single running Serial No. for all types of Bonds.The present series of numbers will be continued.5 Processing of Bill of Entry (with Bond)5.1 Declaration in theServiceCenterIn case the importer has already registered a Continuity Bond with the Bond Cell, he has to specify the type of Bond and Registration Number in the Service Centre declaration. However, the Bond value and BG amount is determined by the Appraising Officer. If Continuity Bond is not there, no declaration (bond) needs to be given in the Service Centre. Bond details will be printed on the Checklist.In case of EOU Bond already submitted at the Central Excise Commissionerate / Office, the Certificate Number has to be provided. If Certificate Number is declared, EOU bond is not required. At the submission stage, the validity of bond is checked.5.2 AppraisingThe AO has the option to ask for bond as condition of assessment. The following type of Bonds can be opted:Provisional Duty Bond - GeneralTest BondEnd Use Bond / UndertakingTransitProvisional Duty Bond - Project ImportsExtra Duty DepositEOU BondWarehouse BondBE Type `W�: Warehouse Bond is mandatory.EOU Bond: In case of items, where EOU Notification is claimed, EOU Bond or procurement Certificate from Central Excise authorities is mandatory.Provisional assessment: If any of the items is assessed provisionally, the Bond (Provisional or Test) is mandatory.The AO has to specify Type of Bond, Bond Amount, BG%, BG amount, basis for bond amount at the BE level.AC (Group) has to confirm the action of AO. Auditor has no option in respect of bonds. However, he can view the Bond requirements.Bond requirement details:On completion of assessment, the Bond requirement details will be printed on the Assessed Copy of the BE.5.3 AC/DCWhere the Bond has not been executed before assessment, on completion of assessment and payment of duty (wherever required) the importer is required to execute the Bond in respect of the Bill of Entry in question, before goods registration in the Shed. If the Bond has not been executed against the Bill of Entry the goods registration cannot be done.The Importer has to give a written request to AC/DC for debiting the bond against a BE. The importer shall specify the Bond Registration No. BE No. and Date. The AC/DC has to retrieve the Bond and debit the Bond and BG. He/She has the option to view the BE.Before debiting the system will pose the following query:Whether the language of the bond meets the legal requirement of the assessment of the BE.If the amount to be debited is more than the credit balance in the Bond and BG Ledgers, the system will not allow debit and the AC/DC has to raise a query to the Importer for filing fresh bond /BG.The system will not allow goods registration and out of charge, if the debit entry is not made against the BE in the Bond and BG Ledgers.5.4 Bond re-creditThe AC has the option to re-credit value after finalization of assessment.Following entries will be made in the Bond and BG ledgers;- Date of credit- BE No. and Date- Amount credited- Reasons for credit(a) Assessment finalized no recovery(b) Assessment finalized and differential deposited separately.(c) Necessary end use certificate submitted.(d) Re-warehousing certificate submitted.(e) Test results received confirming the goods as declared bythe importer in the BE.(f) Others. (Specify)Bond Ledger FormatBE No.BE DateType of Document (manual or EDI)Debit Amount (Specified by AO)Credit amountDate of debit / creditOfficer Id.6 Debiting of the Bond for manual Bill of entryA continuity or a specific bond shall be accepted & registered in the system. A continuity bond registered in the system can be utilized in respect of an electronic as well as manual bill of entries. For debiting manual bill of entry the bond officer shall select the option of MBE-debit and enter the details of the manual bill of entry and amount of bond / BG etc.. After debiting, a debit slip will be generated which can be printed one copy of slip should be attached with the B/E and other copy given to the importer.In respect of Bills of Entry, where processing has not yet been automated, it would still be possible under the aforesaid Bond Management System to register the bond in the system and utilize it against a manually processed date of entry as per procedure indicated alone in respect of a continuity / revolving bond.7 Changes made in the Processing of Bills of Entry (Warehousing Bill and Provisionally assessed Bills)Consequent upon the introduction of the Bond Management System, changes are made in the processing of Bills of Entry for Warehousing of Imported goods and goods assessed to duty provisionally. The Bills of Entry would be linked to the respective Bonds and the system will maintain an account in this behalf. The procedure for processing of such Bills of Entry is briefly indicated below: -7.1. Warehousing bill of entryFor the Warehousing bill of entry the type of bill of entry should be indicated as �W�. The importer may indicate the bond details if a continuity bond has already been executed in the same manner as has been explained in respect of 100% EOU.The processing of warehousing bill of entry shall continue to be as at present in the respective groups on first come first serve basis.The system at the time of assessment of a Warehousing B/E shall display before the Appraiser the requirement of bond equal to double the amount of duty payable. The appraiser at the time of the assessment can change the bond /BG amounts. Where the bond details have been entered at the time of data entry the same shall be displayed by the system & debit details will be printed on the bill of entry. Where bond has not been debited at the time of data entry of B/E, bond requirement shall be printed along with the print of the bill of entry.The bond shall be registered with the designated bond Officer & debited in respect of a B/E. Unless the bond is debited in the system, bill of entry cannot be registered for examination & out of charge at the shed / docks.7.2 Provisional AssessmentsWhere an item of the bill of entry is assessed provisionally by the Appraiser irrespective of the fact, whether EOU /W/Hg Bill of Entry, PD bond will also be required in addition to the EOU / WHg. Bond. The details of the bond can be entered at the time of data entry as explained for EOU bill of entry. The type of bond for provisional assessment shall be �PD�.The System will indicate sum of the duty assessed provisionally for assistance of the appraiser for determining the amount of bond / BG for debiting. The Appraiser can change the amount of bond and/ or B.G. for debiting.If the bond details have not been entered at the time of data entry, the system will enforce bond. The Appraiser shall specify the amount of bond and bank guarantee. The duty if any assessed shall be deposited with designated bank as usual. The bill of entry will not be registered in the shed / docks for examination & out of charge till the duty is paid and the bond and BG as specified has been debited. The details of bond debit or the bond requirements shall be printed on the provisionally assessed B/E. Details of a debited bond will also be printed on the Importer�s copy and Exchange control copy of Bill of Entry.In case any Cash deposit is required to be taken, the Appraiser can specify the amount of Cash deposit; the Challan for Cash deposit will also be printed with the assessed copy of B/E, which will also be deposited with the designated bank like the duty and fine/penalty.Any difficulties faced in the implementation of the Standing Order may be brought to the notice of the concerned Jt.Commr. / Addl.Commr. of the respective Dept.. For systems related problems, the Joint Commr./Dy. Commr. Of Customs, EDI may be approached.Sd/-(R.SHARMA)COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS (IMPORT)JAWAHARLAL NEHRU CUSTOM HOUSEAttested by(B.NALEGAVE)Deputy Commissioner Of Customs (EDI)Encl : As above.APPENDIX - AFORMAT FOR DECLARATION AT SERVICE CENTRE FOR DATA ENTRY1. (a) CHA Licence No. :(b) Name :(c) Address of the CHA :2. Importer Particulars(a) Importer � Exporter Code(IEC) : (b) Branch Serial Number(c) Name of the Importer :(d) Address :3. Type of Importer(Tick) : (a) Government Departments (G)(b) Government Undertakings (U)(c) Diplomatic/UN and itsOrganisations(O)(d) Others (P)4. Authorized Dealer Code ofthe bank :5. Type of Bill of Entry(A) (H) Home Consumption(W) Warehouse(X) Ex-bond(B) (N) Normal Bill of Entry (after filing of IGM and after entry inward)(P) Prior BE (after filing of IGM and before entry inward)(A) Advance Bill of Entry (filed before filing of IGM and before entryinward)(C)HighSeaSale(HSS) : Yes/NoIf yes, high sea seller particulars-(a) Importer � Exporter Code(IEC) :(b) Branch Serial Number :(c) Name of the high sea seller :(d) Address :(D) Section 46 (1) Proviso Case : Yes/No6. Special requests, if any(A) First Check requested : Yes/No(B) Green Channel facility for clearancewithout examination requested : Yes/No(B) Urgent clearance requested againsttemporary documentation (kachcha B/E): Yes/No(D) Extension of time limit requestedunder Section 48 : Yes/NoIf yes, reasons for late filing of BE :-7.PortofShipment:8. Country of Origin :(if same for all goods of the consignment, otherwise declare at the item levelat http://S.No. 39 )9. Country of Consignment :IGM Details10. (a) Import General Manifest (IGM)No./Year :(b) Date of entry inward :11. (a) Master Airway Bill(MAWB) No./Bill of Lading (HBL) No. :(b) Date :12. (a) House Airway Bill No(HAWB)./House Bill of Lading(HBL) No. :(b) Date :13. Marks & Numbers :14. (a) Number of Packages :(b) Type of Package :15. (a) Gross Weight :(b) Unit of weight :16. Additional information for clearance of goods at Inland Container Depots(ICDs)(a) Name of the gateway port :(b) Gateway IGM Number :(c) Date of entry inwards atgateway port :17. Container details, (in case of clearance at ICDs andSeaPorts) wherever applicable------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CONTAINER NO SEAL NO FCL/LCL-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BOND DETAILS18. (a) Whether clearance of imported goods is sought against any type of Bond already registered with customs at the point of import: Yes/No(b) IF YES, particulars of bond : -------------------------------------------------Type of Bond Bond Regn. No.-------------------------------------------------Warehousing (WH)100% EOUs etc. (EO)Provisional Duty (PD)Job-work (JB)------------------------------------------------(c) Details of procurement certificate, if any, from Central Excise Commissionerate.(i) Certificate Number :(ii) Date :(iii) Location code of the Central Excise Office issuing the CertificateCommissionerate :Division :Range :INVOICE PARTICULARS19. Whether Import undermultiple invoices : Yes/NoIf Yes, (a) no of invoices :(b) Total Freight :(c ) Total Insurance :DETAILS OF EACH INVOICE20. (a) Invoice number : (b) Date:21. (a) Purchase Order Number : (b) Date:22. (a) Contract Number : (b) Date:23. (a) Letter of Credit (LC) : (b) Date:Number24. Supplier details(a) Name of the supplier :(b) Address :(c) Country :25. If supplier is not the seller, -(a) name of the seller :(b) Address :(c) country :1. 26. Broker/Agent details:(a) name of the broker/agent :(b) address :(c) country :27. Nature of transaction (Tick)(a)Sale(b)Saleon consignment basis(c) Hire(d) Rent(e) Replacement(f) Gift(g) Sample(h) Other free of cost.28. Terms of Payment (Tick)(a) LC(b) DP/DA(c) SD(d) FOC(e) Others29. Conditions or restrictions, if any, attached to the sale30. Method of valuation applicable :31. (a) Invoice value : (b) Currency:32. Terms of invoice (Tick) : (a) FOB/ (b) CIF /(c) CI / (d) CF33. Freight, Insurance and othercharges :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rate (%) OR Amount Currency---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(a) Freight :(b) Insurance :(c) Loading, unloading andhandling charges[ Rule 9(2)(b)] : 1%(d) Other charges related to thecarriage of goods (eg. daughtervessel expenses, transit/transshipmentcharges etc) :34. Cost and services not included in the invoice value and other miscellaneouscharges :Rate(%) OR Amount Currency(a) Brokerage and commissions :(b) Cost of containers :(c) Cost of Packing :(d) Dismantling, transport andhandling charges at the country of :export or any other country(e) Cost of goods and servicessupplied by buyer :(f) Documentation :(g) Country of Origin Certificate :(h) Royalties and licence fees :(i) Value of proceeds, which accrueto seller :(j) Cost of warranty services if any,provided by the seller or on :behalf of the seller(k) Other costs or payments, if any,to satisfy the obligation of the seller :(l) Other charges and payments, if any :35. Discount, if any : Yes/NoIf yes,(a) Nature of Discount :(b) Rate (%) or amount :36. Additional charges, if any for : Rate (%) OR Amount (In Rs.) purchase on high seas37. Any other relevant information which has a bearing on value :38. Details of SVB Loading wherever applicable (at Invoice level):(if same for all goods of the consignment, otherwise declare at the item level at http://S.No.39)Whether the buyer & seller are related : Yes/NoIf yes, whether relationship has beenexamined earlier by SVB : Yes/NoIf yes,(a) Ref No :(b) Date :(c) Custom House :(d) Load on : (A) Assessable value (B) Duty(C) Both(e) Loading rate ------------------------------------------------Assessable Value Duty-----------------------------------------------Rate in %age :(f) Provisional (P)/ Final (F) :-----------------------------------------------39. Items of Import:A. Detailed Description of Items:(1) Invoice Serial Number: (2) Actual Invoice NumberItem NoItem DescriptionGeneric DescriptionUnit PriceQuantityUnit of QuantityAccessories,If anyManufac-turer�sNameBrandModel/grade/specificationEnd use ofthe itemCountryof OriginPrevious imports, if anyB/E No.DateUnit ValueCurr-encyCustomHouse1234567891011121314151617B. Classification Details(1) Invoice Serial Number: (2) Actual Invoice Number:Classification DetailsImport Licensing DetailsSVB DetailsItem No.RITCCTHNotn./Sl NoCETHNotn/Sl No.SplAddlDutyNotn/Sl noSIANotn/Sl noSEDNotn/Sl NoTTANotn/Sl No.NCDDutyNotn/Sl noRe-Im-portY/NRSP Per UnitExim scheme code, if anyImport against licence Y/NParaNo/ Year of Exim PolicySVB Ref.No./DateCustom HouseLoadon Assess valueLoad on dutyPrpv(P) /Final (F)12345678910111213141516171819202122C. In case of re-import, Shipping Bill Details.(1) Invoice Serial Number (2) Actual Invoice NumberItem No.ShippingBill No.ShippingBill datePort ofExportInvoice No. ofSBItem Sl. No. in SBPayments made for export on Pro-rata basis (In Rs.)Freight Insurance12345678D Details relating to duty Exemption based on Exim Schemes and Licence particulars.(1) Invoice Serial Number (2) Actual Invoice NumberItem NoAddl Duty Exmpn.RequestedY/NNotification/Langrennski, Alpinski, Sykkel, Fjellutstyr, Klatreutstyr, Fotballsko, Joggesko og Klær.Licence Regn.No.Licence Regn.DateDebit Value (Rs.)DebitQty.UnitItemSl. No. in Licence123456789I enclose herewith the copies of following import documents:(1) INVOICE (2) PACKING LISTNOTE: Where the Invoice contains more than one unit of item and more than one description of items, UNIT PRICE of each item shall be mandatory.DECLARATION:I signNow that aforesaid declaration, the documents & the information contained therein is true and correct in all respects.Signature:Name of the Signatory:Name of the Importer/ Authorized Customs House Agent :Date:
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How good is the work of AAP government in Delhi compared to the previous government?
Yes **KEJRIWAL** ! AAP!What have they done! I think they’re fool! Literally, AK is the biggest fool! **WHY**?? Ever wondered?What have they done!?Not bought any Media channel! Not Started channel if their own! Not linked to The Ambanis and Adanis n others! Worked for the people! Yes so **AK has failed! FAILED IN INFLUENCING PEOPLE ON THE BASIS OF HIS OUTSTANDING WORKS!**Its just coz Media is much interested in Defaming them than highlighting their works!**What has *****ARVIND KEJRIWAL***** has done!??*****Have a go through till last!******DO READ IT FULL!***• Education Budget increased to t...
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What are the banking and situational based questions asked in IBPS PO interview?
Selected Interview QuestionsCandidate: 00101.Why you are willing to join in a bank?I am willing to join in a bank since I hope that I may be having more opportunities to serve the public. Banks have better career opportunities by means of periodical promotions to higher cadre.02.What do you mean by appraisal of gold loans?Gold loans are granted against the security of gold jewellery namely gold chains, necklaces etc., The jewellery apart from gold contains certain amount of copper and stones. Appraiser is a person well versed in the art of appraising the jewellery and on appraisal of the je...
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How do I start poultry farming- broiler business in Uttar Pradesh, from where do I get broiler chicks?
It is very important to give priority to poultry development in the Animal husbandry sector because the egg production of the State at present is 108 crore while the consumption is 473 crore per year. Similarly requirement of chicken meat is met by procuring and rearing about 10 crore one day old broiler chicks annually. Indian Nutritional Academy, Hyderabad has suggested consumption of 182 eggs per head per annum as standard. The National availability is 53 eggs while in U.P. it is 22 eggs. Similarly the standard suggested for chicken meat consumption is 11.00 kg, the National availability is 2.20 kg and for U.P. it is 0.987 kg per head per anuum. This clearly reflects the huge gap in requirement & availability. Though the State have enormous potential and conducive environment for poultry development yet only Backyard Poultry is developing steadily in the State. Inspite of rich resources like availability of maize grain, other poultry feed ingredients, plenty of man power, huge market, steep rise in poultry product consumption; development of entrepreneurship in poultry sector is not taking required pace in the State. Therefore, for the development of entrepreneurship and making state self sufficient by providing incentives and creating investor friendly environment, the State Govt. has proposed bankable schemes for establishment of 123 lac commercial layer and 6 lac parent broiler birds in next five years. In the scheme measures have been taken for financial relief through required poultry policy initiatives.2. Name of the Schemes(i) Establishment of Commercial Layer Farm(ii) Establishment of Parent Broiler Farm2.1 Establishment of Commercial Layer Farms In the first stage 123 lac commercial layer birds units will be established in five years in order to produce nearly 365 crore eggs for making State self sufficient in egg production. 2.1.1 Thirty thousand birds shall be considered as one unit. Entrepreneur may establish more than one unit and will be entitled for getting 10% interest subvention on the term loan for five years (60 months) to the maximum of Rs. 40.00 lac per unit. In case amount of term loan is less, then 10% subvention in interest will be calculated on actual amount of term loan taken and in any case it will never be more than Rs. 40.00lacs per unit in five years (60 months). Cost of one Unit of 30000 Layer Birds is Rs. 180.00 lac. Bank loan (TL+CC) = 126.00 lac (70%. Margin Money - INR = 54.00 lac (30%) 2.2 Establishment of Parent Broiler Farms With the objective of making broiler farming more profitable and organised and making state self sufficient in broiler chicks production, establishment of six lac broiler parent birds farm in next five years will be encouraged in order to produce nearly 972 lac chicks within the State. 2.2.1 Ten thousand birds shall be considered as one unit. Entrepreneur may establish more than one unit and the entrepreneur will be entitled for getting 10% interest subvention on the term loan for five years (60 months) to the maximum of Rs. 45.00 lac per unit. In case amount of term loan is less the 10% subvention in interest will be calculated on actual amount of term loan taken and in any case it will never be more than Rs. 45.00 lacs per unit in five years (60 months). Cost of Project of one Unit (10000 Birds) = Rs. 206.50 lac. Bank loan 70% = 145.00 lac, Margin Money 30% = 61.50 lac 3. Effective date of the Scheme- The benefit of the scheme will be effective from 17.06.2013 (date of release of Govt. Notification). No. 2280/Thirty Seven-2-2013-1(45)/12 APPLICABLE FOR BOTH SCHEME 4. Eligibility • No domicile restriction. • Scheme is open for every one residing in India or abroad. • NRI's and entrepreneurs from other countries are also eligible. • Individual/partnership/groups/companies are also eligible. • Any body applying for the establishment of units must have land in his name. (a)No of Units one can opt:- • There is no upper limit for number of units , any body can opt for any number of units. • The total number of birds at a farm must be in multiple of one unit. • There is no need of establishing one unit far from second or third unit. (b)Incentives 1. Interest subvention:- Entrepreneurs will be entitled for getting 10 point percent interest subvention on loan (TL+CC) taken from bank for five years (60 months) from first installment repayment to bank to the maximum of Rs. 40.00 lac per unit. This benefit will multiply with number of units. 2. Exemption from Stamp Duty • 100% exemption in the stamp duty on purchasing of the land for poultry units maximum area is 3 acre land/unit in the case of Commercial Layer and 6 acre/unit in the case of Broiler Parent. 3. Exemption of Electricity Duty Provision has been made to provide following benefits on electricity bill to these units. Commercial Layer one Unit @ Rs. 1200/- per month for 10 years Broiler Parent one Unit @ Rs. 2400/- per month for 10 years 4. Rebate in CST & VAT In units where capital investment is more than Rs. 5.00 crore then the poultry unit will be eligible get interest free loan (IFS) equal to the total amount of CST and VAT deposited from the date of first sale upto 10 years and this amount will be repayed as full amount by the entrepreneur after 7 year from the date of receiving the loan. Exemption from Mandi Tax If the investment in plant, machinery and spare parts in the new unit is more than Rs. 5.00 crore then such unit will get exemption from Mandi Fees on purchase of raw materials for 5 years as per food processing policy-2012 of U.P. 5. The Poultry Entrepreneurs will also get following benefits. 5.1 Under the schemes 100 percent stamp duty exemption will be given on purchase of land in any part of the state (maximum 3 acre for one layer unit and 6 acre for one unit of broiler parent bird) for which furnishing of Bank guarantee and a certificate from the Chief Veterinary Officer of the concerned district will be mandatory. U.P. Govt. order Kar Evam Nibandhan Anubhag-7 Notification NO. K.N. 7- 344/11/2012/312(98)/2012 Lucknow dated 01-04-2013 5.2 Electricity duty for these unit will be exempted for 10 years up to the limit as prescribed by U.P. Govt. Order. Energy Section-3 No. 1026/Thirty Seven-P-3-2013 Lucknow Dated 12 June 2013 5.3 In case the capital investment on establishment of poultry unit is more than Rs 5.00 crore, then the poultry unit will get interest free loan equal to the total amount of Central Sales Tax and VAT deposited from the date of first sale upto 10 years and will be repayed as full amount by the entrepreneur after 7 years from the date of distribution of loan. U.P. Govt. Order No. 1854/37-2-2013-1(45)/12 T.C. 5.4 Similarly, if the investment in plant, machinery and spare parts in the new unit is more than Rs. 5.00 crore, then such unit will get exemption from Mandi Fees on purchase of raw materials for 5 years as per food processing policy- 2012 of U.P. 6. Application form available on website shall be submitted to Director, Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh, Gokarannath Road, Badshah Bagh, Lucknow Proforma 'A' is for Commercial Layer Farming. Proforma 'B' is for Parent Broiler Farming For details contact to the Director, Department of Animal Husbandry, Gokrannath Road, Badshah Bagh, Lucknow, U.P. Telephone No. 0522-2740238, 0522-2740482, Fax-0522- 2740202. Investors can also contact on Toll Free No. 1800 180 5141, 0522-2741991, 0522- 2741992 and Fax No 0522-2740832. You can also visit on department http://websitehttp://animalhusb.up.nic.in for information. Contact Person- Dr. A.U. Qidwai-08090396756, Email-ahrazqidwai@yahoo.com, Dr. V.K. Sinha-09839300136, Email-vks56@yahoo.com Dr. Jaikesh Pandey- 09451374055 Proforma-A Department of Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow. Uttar Pradesh Poultry Project-2013 (UPGovt. No. 13 eq0l@lSrhl&2&2013&1¼45½@12Vh0lh0 fnukad 15 ebZ 2013 iSjk&6½ Format For Submission of Scheme Layer Farm 1. General i. Name of the sponsoring bank ii. Address of the controlling office sponsoring the scheme iii. Nature and objectives of the proposed scheme iv. Details of proposed investments http://S.No. Investment No of Units (a) (b) (c) v. Specification of the scheme area (Name & Block/s) http://S.No. District Block vi. Names of the financing bank's branches (Nationalized Bank) http://S.No. Name of Branches District (a) (b) (c) vii. Status of beneficiaries (individual/Partnership/Company/ Corporation/Co-operative Society/Others viii. Details of borrower's profile Photo (a) Capability (b) Experience (c) Financial Soundness (d) Technical/Other Special Qualifications (e) Technical/Managerial Staff and adequacy thereof Separate paper can be used for submitting information where ever necessary PROJECT REPORT LAYER FARM 2. Technical Aspects a) Location Land and Land Development i) Location details of the project ii) Total Area of land and its cost iii) Site Map iv) Particulars of land development, fencing gates etc b) Civil Structures Detailed cost estimates along with measurements of various civil structures - Sheds for Birds - Store room - Dressing room - Office room - Quarters for staff - Others c) Equipment/Plant and Machinery i) Feeders ii) Waterers iii) Generator iv) Feed grinder and mixer v) Debeaker vi) Vaccinator vii) Fridge/Deep Freezer viii) other equipment if necessary ix) Truck/Van/Jeep (Price quotations for the above equipment x) Others d) Housing i) Type of housing Deep Litter/Cages/ Environment controlled ii) Area required (Sqft/bird) e) Birds i) Location details of the project ii) No of birds to be purchased iii) Source of purchase cost of bird iv) Rs. per bird v) Vaccination of purchased birds vi) Proposed programme of replacement f) Production Parameters i) Standard Egg Production ii) Feed efficiency (kg of feed/No of eggs produced) iii Mortality g) Bird placement shedule/Chart Dates to be appended PROJECT REPORT LAYER FARM h) Feeding i) Source of availability Purchased or own feed manufacturing ii) If Purchased a) Place of purchase b) Brand c) Cost (Rs. / kg) - Chick - Grower - Layer iii) If manufactured on farm a) capacity of feed grinder and mixer b) source raw material iv) c) Feed Formula d) Cost of Production (Rs. /kg) - Chick -Grower -Layer Requirement (kg per bird) - Chick - Grower - Layer i) Veterinary Aid i) Source ii) Location iii) Distance (km) iv) Availability of staff v) Type of facilities available vi) If own arrangements are made a) Employment a veterinary/doctor/stockman/ consultant b) Periodicity of visit c) Amount Paid (Rs) vii) Expenditure per bird per cycle (Rs) j) Electricity i) Source SCB/Other ii) Approval from electricity board iii) Connected load iv) Problems of power failure v) Arrangements for generator k) Water i) Source ii) Quality of water iii Availability of sufficient quantity for drinking and cleaning iv If investment has to be made type of structure, design and cost l) Marketing of Eggs i) Source of sale ii) Place of disposal iii) Distance (km) iv) Basis of payment (Number or weight) iv) Price realized - (Rs./kg/egg) v) Periodicity of payment m) Marketing of Other products i) Manure - Qty/bird price per unit (Rs/Qt) ii) Empty gunny bags Number and cost/bag n) Beneficiary experience o) Comments on technical feasibility p) Government restrictions if any 3. Financial Aspects i) Unit Cost SNo. Name of Investment Physical Unit and specification Unit cost with component wise breakup (Rs) ii) Down payment/margin iii) Year wise physical & financial programme Year Investment Physical units (Rs) Unit Cost (Rs) Total outlay /(Rs) Margin (Rs) Bank loan (Rs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 iv) Financial viability (Comment on the cash flow projection on a farm mode/unit Particulars a) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) b) Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) c) Net Present Worth (NPW) v) Financial position of the borrower's (to be furnished in case of corporate bodies/partnership firms) a. Profitability ratio i. GP ratio ii. NP ratio b. Debt equity ratio c. Whether Income tax & other obligations are paid upto date d. Whether audit is upto date (enclosed copies of audited financial statements for the last three years) vi) Lending Terms i) Rate of interest ii) Grace period iii) Repayment period iv) Nature security v) Availability of Government Guarantee wherever necessary 4. Infrastructural Facilities a) Availability of technical staff with bank/ implementing authority for monitoring b) Details of i) Technical guidance ii) Training Facilities iii) Govt. support extension support c) Insurance type of policy Periodicity Rate of premium Annexure- A-I Economic of Layer Farming - At a Glance 1. Unit Size 2. System of rearing 3. District 4. Unit cost (Rs) 5. Bank Loan (Rs) 6. Margin Money (Rs) 7. Repayment period (Years) 8. Interest rate (%) 9. BCR at 15% DF 10. NPW at 15% DF (Rs) 11. IRR (%) Annexure A-II Economic of Layers Farming - Investment Plan SNo. Description Main Points Physical Unit Unit Investment (Rs/Unit) Total Investment 1. Shed and other constructions A. Brooder cum grower shed B. Layer Shed C. Store Room 2. Watering system (Moter Pump pipeline etc.) 3. Other requirements Brooder , Grower , Layer House 4. Investment for first 3 batches recurring expenditure a. Cost chicks b. Cost of feed c. Medication, litter, labour etc 5. Total Financial Investment 6. Margin Money (30%) 7. Bank Loan (70%) Annexure A-III Economic of Layer Farming - Techno Economic Parameters 1. No of egg laying birds (Layers) 2. Relating period (weeks) Brooding cum Growing 3. No of batches 4. Space requirement per bird (sft) Brooding cum Growing Laying Period 5. Cost of construction of sheds (Rs/Sqft) 6. Store room area to be constructed (Sqft) 7. Cost of construction of store room(Rs/Bird) 8. Cost of equipments and other requirements (Rs/Bird) Brooding , Growing and Cages 9. Mortality Percentage (%) 10. Cost of DOCs (Rs/Chick) 11. Supply of free chicks (%) 12. Extra Purchased (%) 13. Feed requirement (kg/bird) Brooding stage, growing stage Laying Stage 14 Feed cost (Rs/kg) Chicks/Grower Mash Layer Mash 15 Expenditure on labour (Rs/month) 16 Over heads cost (Cost of medicines, vaccine, Insurance litter etc) (Rs/bird) Brooding , growing stage Laying Stage 17 Egg Production 18 Price of Egg (Rs/Egg) 19 Body weight of disposable birds (kg) 20 Sale price of disposable birds (Rs/bird) 21 Income from manure (Rs/bird) Brooding , growing stage Laying stage 22 No of gunny bag (per ton of feed) 23 Income from gunny bags (Rs/bag) 24 Depreciation on sheds (%) 25 Depreciation on equipment (%) 26 Margin Money (%) 27 Interest rate (%) 28 Repayment period (years) 29 Grace period (years) 30 Construction period (months) 31 Rest period for sheds (weeks) Brooder , grower stage Laying Period Name and address of the entrepreneur............ contact no.................. signature of entrepreneur................................. Proforma-B Department of Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow. Uttar Pradesh Poultry Project-2013 (UPGovt. No. 13 eq0l@lSrhl&2&2013&1¼45½@12Vh0lh0 fnukad 15 ebZ 2013 iSjk&6½ Format For Submission of Scheme Broiler Parent Farm 1. General i. Name of the sponsoring bank ii. Address of the controlling office sponsoring the scheme iii. Nature and objectives of the proposed scheme iv. Details of proposed investments http://S.No. Investment No of Units (a) (b) (c) v. Specification of the scheme area (Name & Block/s) http://S.No. District Block vi. Names of the financing bank's branches (Nationalized Bank) http://S.No. Name of Branches District (a) (b) (c) vii. Status of beneficiaries (individual/Partnership/Company/ Corporation/Co-operative Society/Others Photo viii. Details of borrower's profile (a) Capability District (b) Experience (c) Financial Soundness (d) Technical/Other Special Qualifications (e) Technical/Managerial Staff and adequacy thereof Separate paper can be used for submitting information where ever necessary PROJECT REPORT BROILER PARENT FARM 2. Technical Aspects a) Location Land and Land Development i) Location details of the project ii) Total Area of land and its cost iii) Site Map iv) Particulars of land development, fencing gates etc b) Civil Structures Detailed cost estimates along with measurements of various civil structures - Sheds for Birds - Store room - Dressing room - Office room - Quarters for staff - Others c) Equipment/Plant and Machinery i) Feeders ii) Waterers iii) Generator iv) Feed grinder and mixer v) Debeaker vi) Vaccinator vii) Fridge/Deep Freezer viii) Dressing equipment if necessary ix) Truck/Van/Jeep (Price quotations for the above equipment x) Others d) Housing i) Type of housing Deep Litter/Cages/ Environment controlled ii) Area required (Sqft/bird) e) Birds i) Location details of the project ii) No of birds to be purchased iii) Source of purchase cost of bird iv) Rs. per bird v) Vaccination of purchased birds vi) Proposed programme of replacement f) Production Parameters i) Standard Chick Production per female ii) Feed efficiency (kg of feed/No of eggs produced) iii Mortality g) Bird Chart Date to be appended PROJECT REPORT BROILER PARENT h) Feeding i) Source of availability Purchased of own feed manufacturing ii) If Purchased d) Place of purchase e) Brand f) Cost (Rs. / kg) - Chick - Grower - Breeder iii) iv) If Manufactured on farm a) capacity of feed grinder and mixer b) source raw material c) Feed Formula d) Cost of Production (Rs. /kg) - Chick -Grower -Breeder Requirement (kg per bird) - Chick - Grower - Breeder i) Veterinary Aid i) Source ii) Location iii) Distance (km) iv) Availability of staff v) Type of facilities available vi) If own arrangements are made d) Employment a veterinary/doctor/stockman/ consultant e) Periodicity of visit f) Amount Paid (Rs) vii) Expenditure per bird per cycle (Rs) j) Electricity i) Source SCB/Other ii) Approval from electricity board iii) Connected load iv) Problems of power failure v) Arrangements for generator k) Water i) Source ii) Quality of water iii Availability of sufficient quantity for drinking and cleaning iv If investment has to be made type of struture, design and cost l) Marketing of Eggs i) Source of sale ii) Place of disposal iii) Distance (km) iv) Basis of payment (Number or weight) iv) Price relased - (Rs./kg/egg) v) Periodicity of payment m) Marketing of Other products i) Manure - Qty/bird price per unit (Rs/Qt) ii) Empty gunny bags Number and cost/bag n) Beneficiary experience o) Comments on technical feasibility p) Government restrictions if any 3. Financial Aspects vii)Unit Cost SNo. Name of Investment Physical Unit and specification Unit cost with component wise breakup (Rs) viii) Down payment/margin ix) Year wise physical & financial programme Year Investment Physical units (Rs) Unit Cost (Rs) Total outlay (Rs) Margin (Rs) Bank loan (Rs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x) Financial viability (Comment on the cash flow projection on a farm mode/unit Particulars d) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) e) Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) f) Net Present Worth (NPW) xi) Financial position of the borrower's (to be furnished in case of corporate bodies/partnership firms) e. Profitability ratio iii. GP ratio iv. NP ratio f. Debt equity ratio g. Whether Income tax & other obligations are paid upto date h. Whether audit is upto date (enclosed copies of audited financial statements for the last three years) xii)Lending Terms vi) Rate of interest vii)Grace period viii) Repayment period ix) Nature security x) Availability of Government Guarantee wherever necessary 4. Infrastructural Facilities a) Availability of technical staff with bank/ implementing authority for monitoring b) Details of i) Technical guidance ii) Training Facilities iii) Govt. support extension support c) Insurance type of policy Periodicity Rate of premium Annexure- B-I Economic of Parent Broiler Farming - At a Glance 1. Unit Size 2. System of rearing 3. District 4. Unit cost (Rs) 5. Bank Loan (Rs) 6. Margin Money (Rs) 7. Repayment period (Years) 8. Interest rate (%) 9. BCR at 15% DF 10. NPW at 15% DF (Rs) 11. IRR (%) Annexure B-II Economic of Broiler Parent Farming - Investment Plan SNo. Description Main Points Physical Unit Unit Investment (Rs/Unit) Total Investment 1. Shed and other constructions A. Brooder cum grower shed B. Layer Shed C. Store Room 2. Watering system (Moter, Pump pipeline) 3. Other Requirements Brooding cum Growing House Laying House 4. Investment for first 3 batches recurring expenditure a. Cost chicks b. Cost of feed c. Medication, litter, labour etc 5. Total Financial Investment 6. Margin Money (30%) 7. Bank Loan (70%) Annexure B-III Economic of Broiler Parent Farming - Techno Economic Parameters 1. No of egg laying birds (Parent Female) 2. Relating period (weeks) Brooding cum growing 3. No of batches 4. Space requirement per bird (sft) Brooding cum growing Laying Period 5. Cost of construction of sheds (Rs/Sqft) 6. Store room construction (Sqft) 7. Cost of construction of store room(Rs/Bird) 8. Cost of equipments and other requirements (Rs/Bird) brooding cum growing house Cages 9. Mortality Percentage (%) 10. Cost of DOCs (Rs/Chick) 11. Supply of free chicks (%) 12. Extra Purchased (%) 13. Feed requirement (kg/bird) Brooding cum growing stage Laying Stage 14 Feed cost (Rs/kg) Chicks/Grower Mash Breeder Mash 15 Expenditure on labour (Rs/month) (one labourer) 16 Over heads cost (Cost of medicines, vaccine, Insurance litter etc) (Rs/bird) Brooding cum growing stage Laying Stage 17 Chick Production 18 Price of Chicks (Rs/Chick) 19 Body weight of disposable birds (kg) 20 Sale price of disposable birds (Rs/bird) 21 Income from manure (Rs/bird) Brooding cum growing stage Laying stage 22 No of gunny bag (per ton of feed) 23 Income from gunny bags (Rs/bag) 24 Depreciation on sheds (%) 25 Depreciation on equipment (%) 26 Margin Money (%) 27 Interest rate (%) 28 Repayment period (years) 29 Grace period (years) 30 Construction period (months) 31 Rest period for sheds (weeks) Brooder cum grower stage Layer Period Name and address of the entrepreneur............ Contact no.................. Signature of entrepreneur................................. ANNEXURE-C INFORMATION FROM THE CONTROLLING OFFICE OF THE NATIONALIZED BANK IN RESPECT OF BANK LOAN SANCTION UNDER POULTRY PROJECT-2013 UPGOVT. DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (To be submitted to the Director/CEO UPPDB) NAME OF THE BANK DATE: TOTAL AMOUNT OF CURRENT CLAIM: Details of Current Claim: (Rs.) Particulars Name and address of the Entrepreneur (P) indicate district also) Adhar no of the entrepreneur (if available) Location of the Project (indicate the district) Whether SC/ST/Women Bank/Branch address (indicate district also) with BSR Code Loan A/C No. Date of sanction Purpose of Loan Unit size Total Financial Outlay Margin Bank Loan Repayment prescribed Rate of Interest Date of release of 1st installment of loan Amount released (Rs) Interest Subsidy Claimed Any other information relevant to the project 1. We undertake having complied with all the instructions contained in UPGovt. circular No. 13 eq0l@lSrhl&2&2013&1¼45½@12Vh0lh0 Dated 15 ebZ 2013 (and subsequent modifications made by UPGovt/UPPDB) regarding operational guidelines of the scheme while sanctioning above proposals. 2. We request you to release an amount of Rs. ................................ (Rupees ) as Interest Subsidy in respect of the above entrepreneurs. Place : Date : Seal and signature of the Branch Manager (Financing Bank) Signature and seal Authorized signatory Controlling Office of the Bank Annexure-D Format for Utilization Certificate - Capital Subsidy (For the use of financing bank (Nationalized Bank) to be submitted to the Director/CEO Poultry Project-2013 UPGovt. Development of Poultry Entrepreneurship) 1. Name address of the beneficiary and location of the project 2. Name of the financing bank 3. Name & address of the financing branch 4. Date of sanction of loan by Bank 5. Date of field monitoring of the unit by the Bank 6. Date of completion of the unit 7. (i) Total financial outlay Rs. (ii) Margin Money Rs . (iii) Bank Loan Rs. (iv) Interest Subsidy received Date of receipt Amount Date of credit from Director/CEO (Rs) to the "Subsidy Reserve Fund A/C" of the borrower 8. Brief description of assets created 9. Rate of interest charged by the financial Bank % p.a. 10. This is to signNow that the full amount of capital subsidy received in respect of the above project has been fully utilized and adjusted in the books of account under the sanctioned terms and conditions of the project within the overall guidelines of the scheme. Place Date Seal and signature of the Branch Manager (Financing Bank)
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What are the chances of tampering with the EVMs and rigging elections in India? If any person from the Election Commission can a
This is a long answer.I may be violating copyright law. But I think it is necessary.This question has been blown out of proportion. I am directly quoting the relevant sections- without any editing-from former election commissioner book.Read both Technical security aspects and administrative security aspects. Those who say that give me EVM and I will hack it ignore the administrative security aspects is like saying give me a gun and remove the security of Prime Minister and I can Kill him.Link of the book:English:Buy An Undocumented Wonder: The Great Indian Election Book Online at Low Prices in IndiaHindi:Buy Loktantra Ke Utsav Ki Unkahi Kahani (A Undocumented Wonder) (Hindi) Book Online at Low Prices in IndiaBelow are the sections from the book:Electronic Voting MachinesHistory and BackgroundNo presentation on the use of technology in Indian elections can be complete without a reference to EVMs. The voting system in India has undergone several changes over the decades. During the first two general elections to the Lok Sabha in 1952 and 1957, each candidate was allotted a separate coloured ballot box. The candidate’s name and symbol were not printed on ballot papers. Voters would drop an unmarked ballot paper in the ballot box of the candidate of their choice. The system, though very simple, evoked fears of tampering in the minds of stakeholders. Therefore, a marking system on the ballot paper was introduced during the mid-term elections to the Legislative Assemblies in Kerala and Odisha in 1960–61. That system remained in vogue until the 1999 Lok Sabha elections.Meanwhile, in 1977 the Commission introduced some form of electronic machines for recording votes in an error-free manner and removing the possibilities of invalid votes. S.L. Shakdhar, the then Chief Election Commissioner, while on tour in Hyderabad in December1977 requested M/s Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) to study the feasibility of using an electronic gadget for conducting elections. M/s Bharat Electronics Limited, Bengaluru (BEL) had already developed microcomputer based voting equipment, which they had used for the elections for the various unions of the company. They approached the Commission in January 1981 for manufacturing EVMs. On 29 July 1981 the Commission held a meeting with representatives from BEL, ECIL, the Ministry of Law and some CEOs regarding the use of EVMs in elections. It was decided to introduce EVMs in fifty polling stations in the 70-Parur assembly constituency in the assembly elections to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala held on 19 May 1982 as an experimental measure (the machines used had eight candidate buttons in the ballot unit (BU) instead of the sixteen candidate buttons as in existing EVMs. However, seven such BUs could be connected in series to provide for a maximum of fifty-six candidates).Since the central government could not take steps to introduce legislation as proposed by the Commission for amendments to the Representation of the People Act, 1951, and to the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961 to facilitate the use of EVMs, the Commission issued directives under Article 324 of the Constitution of India for the use of EVMs and conducted elections at fifty polling stations using the machines. The use of EVMs was challenged in court and the Supreme Court of India* held that EVMs cannot be used in an election unless a specific provision is made in law providing for their use. The law was amended by Parliament in December 1988 and a new Section 61A was added in the Representation of the People Act, 1951, empowering the Commission to use voting machines. The amended provision came into force on 15 March 1989.In January 1990 the Government of India appointed the Electoral Reforms Committee (Dinesh Goswami Committee) consisting of representatives from several recognized national and state parties. The Electoral Reforms Committee felt that the machines should be examined by technical experts with a view to removing any doubts or misapprehensions in the minds of the public with regard to the credibility of the working of the machines. To do so it constituted an expert committee under the chairmanship of S. Sampath, Chairman, TAC, Defence Research & Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, and comprising reputed scientist P.V. Indiresan of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, and Rao C. Kasarbada, Director, ER&DC, Trivandrum. The committee, after meeting with the manufacturers, election administrators and technical experts and conducting detailed laboratory tests, came to the conclusion that the EVM was a secure system. In April 1990, therefore, the expert committee unanimously recommended the use of EVMs without further loss of time.On 24 March 1992 necessary amendments to the Conduct of Elections Rules 1961 were notified by the government with regard to the use of EVMs. EVMs have been used in all bye-elections to parliamentary constituencies and Legislative Assembly constituencies since November 1998. The general elections to the Lok Sabha in 2004 and 2009 were conducted exclusively on EVMs. Several technological changes were made in EVMs in 2001 and again in 2006 to upgrade them. To address the concern that the fast changing technology may have overtaken older members, the Technical Experts Committee was expanded and it now has P.V. Indiresan as its Chairman, and D.T. Shahaniand, A.K. Aggarwala of IIT, Delhi, D.K. Sharma of IIT, Mumbai and Rajat Moona from IIT, Kanpur (now DG, CDAC) as its members. The Commission does not take any technical decision without their recommendation or approval.Types of Electronic VotingAcross the world, electronic voting is essentially of two types. First and most commonly used is polling place e-voting. The second is remote e-voting online which has been used only experimentally in some countries like Switzerland, Canada, Estonia and Spain. Moreover, EVMs used in polling place e-voting are of two types, Direct Recording Electronic Voting Machines (DR-EVM) and those using optical scanners. When a voter presses a button on the DR-EVM his vote is recorded electronically in the machine’s memory. EVMs used in India, Venezuela and Brazil fall in this category. In the other type a voter marks his choice on a paper ballot which is then optically scanned and the counting is done electronically. Some states in the US use this type of machine. Direct recording voting machines can either have electro-mechanical buttons or a touch-screen to record votes. These can either be stand-alone or networked. Networked machines can transmit results to a central server to compile results quickly and display them at a central website. Indian EVMs are direct recording voting machines with electro-mechanical buttons for voters and are non-networked. Counting is done separately by each machine and the result from all machines is compiled manually.Security Features in Indian EVMsTechnical Security—ECI-EVMs are manufactured by the Electronics Corporation of India Limited (Department of Atomic Energy) and Bharat Electronics Limited (Ministry of Defence), both central public sector undertakings which are entrusted with developing high security defence equipment. The machines are both mechanically and electronically protected to prevent any tampering. The software used in these machines is burnt into a one-time programmable/masked chip so that it cannot be altered or tampered with. These machines are not networked either by wire or by wireless with any other machine or system.Therefore, there is no possibility of data corruption by hacking. The software for this chip is developed in-house by BEL and ECIL independently. The software development team is separate from the production team and reports directly to the CMD.Operationally, the Indian EVM is a set of two units—the ballot unit and the control unit. A vote can be recorded only after the presiding officer enables the ballot unit through the control unit. However, even the presiding officer cannot enable the ballot for twelve seconds after every ballot is cast. Thus, a maximum of five votes can be cast in one minute. Samples of EVMs from production batches are regularly checked for functionality by the quality assurance group which is an independent group within BEL and ECIL. Certain additional security features were introduced in 2006. These include dynamic coding between the ballot unit and the control unit, installing a real-time clock, installing a full display system, and date and time stamping of every key press.Administration Security Measures for EVMsThe Commission has put in place elaborate procedural checks and balances aimed at preventing any possible misuse or lapses.EVMs are kept in a secure room with only one double-locked door. The room is guarded twenty-four hours by armed police. The lock on the EVM warehouse is opened only after giving notice to political parties to be present at the time of unlocking.First level checking (FLC) of each EVM is done before elections by BEL and ECIL. FLC is done transparently in the presence of representatives of political parties. A mock poll by casting at least a thousand votes in at least 10 per cent (now reduced to 5 per cent after political parties found 10 per cent too cumbersome) of EVMs randomly selected by political parties is done at the time of FLC. After the mock poll, a sequential printout of the result is taken and shown to the political parties for comparing the record of the mock poll kept by them. The entire FLC process is videographed. After the FLC every EVM is sealed using a pink paper seal manufactured by the Security Printing Press, Nasik, using security paper and security printing technology. Every pink paper seal has a unique number. Representatives of political parties put their signatures on the pink paper seal. After it has been sealed thus, the plastic cover of the machine cannot be opened during the election without breaking it. Any machine with a broken or damaged seal will not be used.EVMs are randomized by the District Election Officer before being distributed in the assembly constituencies in the presence of representatives of recognized political parties, to guard against the possibility of anyone manipulating the software.Preparing EVMs for candidates’ setting is done in the presence of the candidates or their agents or authorized representatives, and in the presence of the Commission’s observer. At this stage, once again, a mock poll is conducted.Multi-level thread sealing of various compartments and sections is done at the time of candidates’ setting as:Thread seal for the ‘candidate set’ and power pack (battery) section of the control unit after setting the number of contesting candidates and installing the battery respectively.Thread seal for ballot paper screen of the ballot unit after fixing the ballot paper.Two thread seals for ballot paper cover of the balloting unit.After this, the returning officers do the second randomization of the Control Units (CUs) and Balloting Units (BUs) to allot a CU and BU to specific polling stations.These CUs/BUs are then stored in a strongroom in the presence of the candidates/their agents and the Commission’s observer. The candidates/their agents are allowed to put their seals on the lock to the strongroom.The strongroom is opened in the presence of candidates/ their agents and the observer on the day when polling parties are dispatched to their respective polling stations.Before the actual poll, a mock poll of at least 100 votes is done by the presiding officer in the presence of candidates or their authorized agents to demonstrate that the EVM is working properly.Sealing of the result section/bottom compartment of the control units is done by the presiding officer after the mock poll in the presence of polling agents with the following seals:Green paper seal for result sectionThread seal for inner door of result sectionThread seal for the bottom compartmentThread seal for connector box for the cascading balloting unit, if any (when there are more than sixteen candidates)After the poll, the EVMs are sealed with paper seals and packed in plastic boxes, which are also sealed. These EVMs are taken straight to the strongroom from the polling stations. The strongroom is closed and sealed in the presence of the candidates/their agents and the Commission’s observer. They are permitted to affix their own seals on the locks of the strongroom and are allowed to guard it till the counting begins. They are provided facilities for this purpose. In addition, an armed police guard keeps round the clock vigil. Arrangements are also made for video coverage and CCTV coverage of the strongroom round the clock.The storage hall so sealed is opened in the presence of the candidates/their agents and the Commission’s observer on the day of counting.Controversies about EVMsEarly ControversiesBefore the elections in Tamil Nadu, Jayalalithaa Jayaram, General Secretary of the AIADMK, had written a letter to the Commission to discard EVMs and use paper ballots in the state assembly elections in 2001 on the grounds that electronic devices had failed miserably even in scientifically and technologically advanced countries like the US and Japan. She also filed a W.P. No. 3346 of 2001 in the High Court of Chennai. The case finally went to the Supreme Court where it was decided in favour of EVMs.Captain Amrinder Singh, President, Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee, raised objections in a petition before the Punjab High Court prior to assembly elections in 2002. He sent a team of experts to the Election Commission, as directed by the High Court, to examine the machines. The experts could not come up with any concrete objection even after detailed examination of the EVMs.Satinath Choudhary, a computer scientist in the USA and the President of Better Democracy Forum, could not demonstrate any tamperability of EVMs in a demonstration session on alleged tamperability of ECI–EVMs on 8 August 2009 in the premises of the Election Commission of India.A demonstration session on alleged tamperability of ECI–EVMs by one Haneefa (who, incidentally, wanted to promote his own machine) was held on 12 October 2007 in Bangalore. He could not demonstrate any malfunction or tamperability and was fined by the court.Recent ControversiesThe Commission also received petitions from individuals raising doubts about the non-tamperability of EVMs. These include Kirit Somaiya of the Bharatiya Janata Party, G.K. Mani, President, Pattali Makkal Katchi, Omesh Saigal, retired Chief Secretary of Delhi, Subramaniyam Swami, President Janata Party and Satinath Chowdhery.Rashtriya Janata Dal, All Indian Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Telugu Desam Party, All India Forward Bloc, Asom Gana Parishad, Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Indian National Lok Dal, Janata Dal United, Janata Dal (Secular), Rashtriya Lok Dal, Revolutionary Socialist Party and Samajwadi Party wrote a letter to the Commission requesting an all-party meeting on EVMs. The BJP also made the same request in a separate letter. The Commission held an all-party meeting on 4 October 2010 in which EVMs were discussed along with three other issues—monitoring expenditure, paid news and criminalization of politics. Most of the political parties expressed satisfaction with EVMs. Some political parties requested the Commission that the Expert Committee may be asked to examine the feasibility of introducing a Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) with the EVMs.A programme on a Telugu TV Channel TV-9 by V.V. Rao and Hariprasad made a demonstration of alleged tamperability of EVMs on an EVM allegedly stolen from the office of the DEO, Mumbai. An FIR for theft of public property was registered. The trial in the case is ongoing.The main points raised by people alleging tamperability and the reasons why these are not acceptable include:It has been alleged that there is a possibility of the presence of a Trojan horse in an EVM. However, there is no such possibility because the software code is secret and not readable by anybody. The software programmers are of very high integrity. EVMs are manufactured by reputed public sector organizations and have proved very reliable. Every EVM is subjected to rigorous checks before deployment in the presence of political party representatives.It has been alleged that there is lack of voter verifiability in EVMs. The fact is that the voter verifies his or her ballot by a beep and by a LED getting lit next to the candidate’s button on the BU once the button is pressed.Some people say that there is a lack of a possibility of recount. The fact is that a recount is possible any number of times. There will not be any variance in the result displayed as there are no human errors in machine counting.Possibility of change of components (hardware hacking) has been mentioned. The fact is that after FLC an EVM is sealed and its inside cannot be accessed, making hardware hacking impossible.It was shown on television that the display on an EVM can be controlled from another Bluetooth device by passing the data in the EVM. This is not possible in a real election because in a real election nobody has access to EVMs and it is not possible to introduce a Bluetooth device in an EVM because of administrative safeguards and security.It was shown in the same television programme that using a chip on the memory, he could access and change the data in the memory of the EVM. This cannot be done in a real election because nobody can access the memory in an EVM without breaking open all its seals. A broken seal can be easily identified. If a seal is found broken or damaged, the machine is not used.Voter Verifiable Paper Audit TrailThe demand for a voter verifiable paper audit trail (VVPAT) in the EVMs has been around for some years. VVPAT allows voters to verify that their vote was cast correctly, and to provide a means to audit the stored electronic results. It includes a direct recording electronic voting machine (DRE) and a printer to print the ballot recorded in the electronic memory. It was first demonstrated in New York City in March 2001 and first used in Sacramento, California in 2002. In a VVPAT system the voter can review a physical ballot to confirm that the electronic voting system accurately recorded his or her vote. In addition, the election officials may manually recount ballots in the event of a dispute.The demand was referred to the Technical Experts Committee by the Commission, as suggested in the all-party meeting held by the Election Commission. The committee anticipated several technical problems in a VVPAT system, including:Possibility of the printer getting jammedRequirement of a large battery to operate the printer, which is difficult to maintain and chargeRequirement of special technical training for all polling personnelLonger time required per voterHigher costsIlliteracy in large sections of the population making it difficult for them to read the printoutPossibility of fading of the printout in a thermal paper printerThe Technical Expert Committee held consultations with political parties, civil society organizations and manufacturers of EVMs, and also saw a demonstration of the prototype VVPAT system developed by EVM manufacturers. The Technical Expert Committee recommended that a field trial of the system should be held in extreme environmental conditions.A field trial was accordingly conducted in Thiruvananthapuram (coastal area in Kerala), Delhi (capital of India), Jaisalmer (hot, desert region in Rajasthan), Cherapunji (in Meghalaya, receives highest rainfall in the world) and Leh (snowbound region in Jammu & Kashmir) in July 2011 in the presence of all stakeholders including political parties, civil society organizations and the media. The Commission issued a press note for wide participation of voters. It was found that certain improvements were required in the VVPAT system before it could be considered for use in an election. The Commission asked EVM manufacturers to carry out the design changes required.Thereafter, the manufacturers made several important changes in the design and produced an improved prototype. The Technical Experts Committee recommended that it should be tested in the field once again at the same places where the first field trial was held. Accordingly, the second field trial was held in July–August 2012, again in the presence of all stakeholders.The Technical Expert Committee approved the final design of the VVPAT units in a meeting held on 19 February 2013. The system was demonstrated in another all-party meeting held on 10 May 2013. All political parties recommended that VVPAT should be used in elections as soon as possible. The Commission decided to use the system initially in a bye-election. Accordingly, the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961, was amended and notified on 14 August, 2013, allowing for the use of VVPAT along with EVMs in elections, and it was first used on 4 September 2013 in a bye-election for 51-Noksen (ST) assembly constituency in Nagaland.Subsequently, it has been used successfully in ten assembly constituencies in Mizoram on 25 November 2013 and one constituency of Delhi on 4 December 2013 during general elections to Delhi assembly constituency. The Commission has now decided to gradually expand its use and has placed orders for procurement of 20,000 units of VVPAT.
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Are the anti-corruption agencies in our nation on death row?
This article has only academic value. The author does not intend to cast aspersions on any government functionary or any government/public sector institution but merely intends to share his knowledge with younger generations who aspire to establish a new order founded on ethics. The author believes that right knowledge or truth is key to any educational program. He also believes that students aspiring to join All India services or services of Public Sector should have a glimpse of what is happening in the corridors of political power where awards of multi-million dollar Central Government or Central Public Sector contracts are decided through unethical or corrupt means owing to the ineffectiveness of anti-corruption agencies and laws so that these students after joining these elite government/public sector services may become change agents. Those who aspire to join the Private Sector companies must emulate the good systems and procedures prevalent in the Government/Public Sector organizations and introduce the same in the Private Sector with adequate modifications suiting to the environment of the Private Sector for bringing about corporate governance. On the corruption in India, Wikileaks in its latest disclosure which was published in The Hindu dated 11th April, 2013 quoted an American cable sent to their State Department in Washington during 1976 as follows: “An Indian manufacturer paid a substantial bribe to the minister of civil aviation for a particular contract.” However, “the project became a source of controversy for reasons which had nothing to do with the bribe. The minister sought to return the bribe but the donor insisted on interest.” Finally, “a compromise was signNowed whereby an additional contract was awarded [to] the manufacturer.”The above instance of 1976 is only a tip of the iceberg hidden in the government sector and the trend of corruption has since become worse and continues to touch an alarming level in the recent past.In the Public Sector Undertakings /Nationalized Banks and autonomous bodies of Government of India and in the Central Government Ministries/Departments, Vigilance Departments headed by Chief Vigilance Officers (CVOs) are functioning since 1964 based on a resolution passed by the Govt. of India after accepting the report of the Santhanam Committee on corruption. The functions of these Vigilance Departments are monitored by the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) who has since become a statutory body under the CVC Act, 2003. In every state government, a Vigilance Department at the Secretariat level, an anti-corruption wing with police powers and in some states, ombudsman like Vigilance Commissioner or Lok Ayukta headed by a retired High Court or a retired Supreme Court judge function as anti-corruption agencies. Since the author does not have much exposure to the functioning of these state anti-corruption agencies, he confines himself only to the functioning of Central anti-corruption agencies. Appointment and tenure of CVOs A Chief Vigilance Officer (CVO) is considered as Special Assistant to the C&MD of the organization and has to report to the latter only. They mostly belong to All India Services like IAS, IPS, IRS, etc. and join the organizations for deputation tenure of 3 years to be extended by 2 more years. Mostly, All India Service Officers like IAS, IPS, etc. find berths in Central PSUs of Schedule A and B, based in Delhi for deputation, just to get postings in Delhi or to have leisure in the environment of Public Sector Undertakings where there are fewer responsibilities. Some honest IAS and IPS officers choose to join the post of CVO in Central PSUs as they find it difficult to dance to the tune of their political bosses in state administration. Many of these officers just spend their time in PSUs without any aptitude for vigilance work. According to the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, a panel of officers cleared by the Central Vigilance Commission will be suggested to the administrative Ministry/Department concerned with the approval of the Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Department of Personnel & Training. The administrative Ministry is required to select an officer out of the panel with the approval of its Minister-in-charge and communicate the same to the Department of Personnel and Training for obtaining the approval of the Competent Authority. Once a Chief Vigilance Officer has worked in a particular Organization, he should not be posted as CVO in the same Organization. This aims at ensuring that an officer appointed as CVO in an Organization is able to inspire confidence that in deciding vigilance cases, he will not be hampered by anyp ast association with the organization. An officer who is appointed from outside as CVO in Central Public Undertaking shall not be permanently absorbed in the same organization on expiry or in continuation of his tenure as CVO in that organization. The Chief Vigilance Officers are extended hands of the CVC. The Chief Vigilance Officers are considerably higher level officers who are appointed in each and every Department/Organization to assist the Head of the Department/Organization in all vigilance matters. CVOs are mandated to screen all complaints of graft and criminal conspiracy before referring them to the CBI, to monitor on corruption, malpractices and misconduct on the part of employees and to take remedial action. Besides, they are tasked to closely monitor cases related to criminal misconduct of employees being investigated by CBI and to coordinate with the latter for expeditious disposal of such cases. The duties and functions of CVOs as laid down by CVC are given below:The role and functions of CVOs has been broadly divided in to two parts, which are (I) Preventive and (II) Punitive.On the preventive side:The CVOs undertake various measures, which include:(a) To examine in detail the existing Rules and procedures of the Organization with a view to eliminating or minimizing the scope for corruption or malpractices;(b) To identify the sensitive/corruption prone spots in the Organization and keep an eye on personnel posted in such areas;(c) To plan and enforce surprise inspections and regular inspections to detect the system failures and existence of corruption or malpractices;(d) To maintain proper surveillance on officers of doubtful integrity; and(e) To ensure prompt observance of Conduct Rules relating to integrity of the Officers, like(I) the Annual Property Returns;(ii) Gifts accepted by the officials(iii) Benami transactions(iv) Regarding relatives employed in private firms or doing private business etc.On the punitive side: (I) To ensure speedy processing of vigilance cases at all stages. In regard to cases requiring consultation with the Central Vigilance Commission, a decision as to whether the case had a vigilance angle shall in every case be taken by the CVO who, when in doubt, may refer the matter to his administrative head, i.e. Secretary in the case of Ministries/Departments and Chief Executive in the case of public sector organizations;(ii) To ensure that charge-sheet, statement of imputations, lists of witness and documents etc. are carefully prepared and copies of all the documents relied upon and the statements of witnesses cited on behalf of the disciplinary authority are supplied wherever possible to the accused officer along with the charge-sheet;(iii) To ensure that all documents required to be forwarded to the Inquiring Officer are carefully sorted out and sent promptly;(iv) To ensure that there is no delay in the appointment of the Inquiring Officer, and that no dilatory tactics are adopted by the accused officer or the Presenting Officer;(v) To ensure that the processing of the Inquiry Officer's Reports for final orders of the Disciplinary Authority is done properly and quickly;(vi) To scrutinize final orders passed by the Disciplinary Authorities subordinate to the Ministry/Department, with a view to see whether a case for review is made out or not;(vii) To see that proper assistance is given to the C.B.I. in the investigation of cases entrusted to them or started by them on their own source of information;(viii) To take proper and adequate action with regard to writ petitions filed by accused officers;(ix) To ensure that the Central Vigilance Commission is consulted at all stages where it is to be consulted and that as far as possible, the time limits prescribed in the Vigilance Manual for various stages are adhered to;(x) To ensure prompt submission of returns to the Commission;(xi) To review from time to time the existing arrangements for vigilance work in the Ministry/Department for vigilance work subordinate officers to see if they are adequate to ensure expeditious and effective disposal of vigilance work;(xii) To ensure that the competent disciplinary authorities do not adopt a dilatory or lax attitude in processing vigilance cases, thus knowingly otherwise helping the subject public servants, particularly in cases of officers due to retire;(xiii) To ensure that cases against the public servants on the verge of retirement do not lapse due to time-limit for reasons such as misplacement of files etc. and that the orders passed in the cases of retiring officers are implemented in time; and(xiv) To ensure that the period from the date of serving a charge-sheet in a disciplinary case to the submission of the report of the Inquiry Officer, does, ordinarily, not exceed six months. Functioning of CVOs and Vigilance Officers (VOs) Though CVOs are required to function independently, practically speaking, they are not doing so. Since the CVO has to report to the C&MD, the former has, at times, to toe the line of the latter. It is very difficult for him to maintain a balance between his reporting to the C&MD and his reporting to the CVC in the event of disagreement by the CVO with the C&MD. In technical organizations, many CVOs from IPS or other police services, without technical background, find it rather difficult to understand the nature of corruption cases involving technicalities when there is a blurring line of demarcation between cases of corruption and bribery and cases of irregularities where procedures are bypassed for commissioning of projects on time. They find it difficult to judge cases wherein malafides are not shown by suspect officers. No doubt, CVOs in many Central PSUs have done tremendous work, bringing about transparency in their organizations and introducing preventive measures for curbing corruption by plugging loopholes in systems and procedures. However, on the whole, there are many negative factors which need to be addressed urgently. At times, Vigilance Officers working under CVOs are not ethical in their investigations. Once they take up cases for investigation, they are reluctant to close the same when materials surface to show that the actions of suspect officers are not malafide. Vigilance Officers consider themselves to be more intelligent than the highly qualified technical or engineering staff. Being arrogant, they are not humble in learning from the technical officers when they do not understand the intricacies of technical cases. Many CVOs simply go by the reports of their Vigilance Officers without taking pains to cross verify the investigation reports by taking independent technical opinion with the result that innocent executives get charge-sheeted. Once an executive is charge-sheeted for a major penalty, then his career is doomed and he loses his promotion. By the time, the executive is exonerated of the charges framed against him, he loses his reputation, promotion and social status. Vigilance Clearance “Vigilance Clearance” is the hurdle for getting promotions in Govt. Services during pendency of trial in courts or during pendency of departmental proceedings. This rule is applied even to those employees who apply for passports or for foreign training programs. According to a procedure called “sealed cover procedure”, if a charge-sheeted officer is due for promotion, he would be considered for promotion and the result of the Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) has to be kept in a sealed cover which would be opened after the finalization of the departmental proceedings or after the close of the criminal case in the court of law, as the case may be. If the officer is exonerated, he would be given promotion with retrospective effect after opening the sealed cover. If he is convicted, then the recommendations of the Departmental Promotion Committee would not be acted upon. Though the sealed cover procedure has to be followed, in many PSUs, this is not followed just to deny promotion to these charge-sheeted executives as the management prefers to promote other executives whose records are clean and who are their favorites. In this regard, the PSU management uses this procedure just to deny promotion to an efficient and hard working officer against whom some charge-sheet is pending but to promote against that particular vacancy some non-performing officer who is close to the top management. C&MD versus CVO The C&MD of the organization has to spend more of his time in the corridors of the Ministry to please the Minister and the bureaucrats there. He obliges the Minister in awarding contracts to the favorite contractors of the minister. The favorite contractor gets his business from the organization after following the prescribed procedure and becoming the “lowest evaluated bidder”. Wikileaks, the whistleblower website, reveals through one of the cables sent by the American Embassy to their State Department in Washington during 1976 as published by The Hindu dated 11th April 2013, the magnitude of corruption in India prevalent in the system of award of contracts. It says, “The ‘innovative’ Indian method of awarding contracts to the favored bidder is explained in the words of a World Bank official “with extensive experience in India.” He “had never seen a case where an original low bidder ever received a contract” since “repeated tenderings combined with specification changes are instituted by the Government of India until the appropriate bidder becomes low bidder as well.” The Vigilance Department hardly gets into this area at all. If at all this case goes to the CBI, ultimately the officials who have recommended award of contracts would be in the CBI net. Normally, the approving authority i.e. the C&MD or the Board would go scot free on the pretext that they were misguided by the lower level managerial officers. There is no surveillance by the CBI or by the CVO of the Ministry in the corridors of power where the contractors meet the Ministers for getting their work done. When the contractor concerned executes his contract, if the Vigilance pokes its nose, then the contractor informs the C&MD and the C&MD gives his tacit disapproval to the CVO. Some bold CVOs would go ahead and would initiate action against the erring executives concerned. However, the defaulting contractor would agree with the officers/engineers in charge of the work at site for making necessary recoveries from him for the sub-standard work executed by him and would agree to do some rectification work. The contractor would never get blacklisted. In a recent case (March 2013) , the World Bank blacklisted M/s L &T, considered as the most ethical company in the world for a particular period just because one of the L&T officers submitted forged certificates for getting a contract from a public sector undertaking of the Govt. of Tamil Nadu. CVO in Ministry versus CBI There is a CVO in every Ministry, mostly belonging to IAS cadre. He is of the status of Joint Secretary to the Govt. of India. He acts only on complaints against the senior bureaucrats in the Ministry. He and his department possess all the knacks to close the complaints against the Minister or the Secretary when a report is called for by the CVC. He does not suo motu scrutinize the files in the Ministry wherein the Minister or the Secretary has taken questionable decisions. CBI has hardly any role in the corridor of the Ministry until and unless it is directed by the High Court or the Supreme Court to investigate a scam like 2G spectrum, etc. CBI is prompt in trapping an income tax officer accepting bribe but keeps itself at a distance from the corridors of the Ministry. It does not generate “intelligence” to trap a Minister or his conduit accepting bribes from a businessman but gets intelligence report to trap a police officer accepting bribes. Recently (in May 2013), for the first time in the history of CBI, to the best of my knowledge, CBI trapped a close relative of an Union Minister red-handed while accepting bribe for a top government post. CVOs versus CVC CVOs are very particular about sending their monthly statistical returns to CVC, whether their Departments really work or not to the extent desired by CVC. The CVC have no means to conduct an audit of the work done by the CVOs. The CVC have no adequate staff and machinery to monitor the work of the CVOs in about 200 Central Public Sector Undertakings and 27 Public Sector Banks, apart from CVOs in Ministries/Attached and Subordinate offices of Ministries. With its limited resources, the CVC takes cognizance of scams and irregularities reported by the media. There has been no accountability on the CVO of the organization concerned when a scam has broken out as reported by the media. Negative Role of Vigilance and CBI in PSUs In some cases, innocent officers are falsely implicated by CBI after joining hands with the CVO who acts at the behest of the CMD. These innocent officers are being persecuted in the court of law. By the time these officers are exonerated by the trial courts, they would lose their promotions, peace of mind, social status. They find it very difficult to get their daughters married during the pendency of trial. If any honest officer falls into the CBI net, it would be very difficult for him to get a clearance from the CBI for getting his promotion. The investigation would be a time consuming affair even if the CBI has to close the case after filing a closure report before the CBI Special Court. Normally, the CBI before closing its prosecution case recommends departmental action against the officer concerned on some other ground or the other. Instead of playing the role of an ally of management (the term coined by the CVC during 1980s), the Vigilance Department at times functions as an enemy of the management by questioning the decisions taken by managers on merit. The time has now come in the PSUs that no lower level manager proposes or takes decision as per the powers delegated to him. He simply sends the file to the Regional Head of the organization who in turn refers the matter to the Corporate Headquarters. In an interesting case, an honest officer was charge-sheeted for performing his normal functions for recommending procurement of spare parts from the contractor to whom the contract was awarded. The Vigilance Department attributed a motive to him saying that he could have recommended procurement of these spare parts from other available contractors whose prices were very low. In the charge-sheet, they cited the name of a contractor whose prices were low. According to the contract provisions, the officer was supposed to propose placing of orders on the same contractor only for procurement of spare parts. Further, the name of the contractor mentioned in the charge-sheet was not a full-fledged contractor but was a budding contractor who was being developed as a vendor and this budding contractor was given a small work on economic rates. Nobody in the hierarchy of the organization ever took pains to read the provisions of the contract which were being brought to their notice by the suspect officer. All of them simply appended their signatures on the investigation report of the Vigilance Department to charge the innocent officer known for his integrity for a major penalty involving lack of integrity, on the presumption that the officer had shown favors to the party on whom spare parts were sought to be procured. In another case, on the recommendations of CBI, an honest officer was charged for a major penalty just for failing to report a transaction of buying a car from his colleague. CBI alleged that he took a loan from his colleague and did not report this fact to the management. Absolutely, there was no iota of evidence to prove that the suspect officer took a personal loan from his colleague. This case was foisted on this officer by CBI at the best of the C&MD. This simple case dragged on for three years during which the officer lost his promotion. Agreed List prepared by Vigilance and CBI There is a provision of preparing a list of officers who are corrupt but against whom there is no prima facie evidence for initiating action. This is called Agreed List. It contains names of officers of Gazetted status in Central Govt. service or officers of Central PSUs/Nationalized Banks, etc. against whose honesty or integrity there are complaints, doubts or suspicious after consultations between the vigilance officers of the Departments/PSUs concerned and of CBI. As per the guidelines issued by the Central Govt. in this regard, closer and more frequent scrutiny and inspection of their work and performance by the Departments concerned, particularly in spheres there is scope for discretion or for showing favors. Quite check about their reputation both by the Vigilance Department and the C.B.I, unobtrusive watch of their contracts style of living etc. by the C.B.I, secret enquiry by the C.B.I. about their assets and financial resources will be undertaken by the CBI. The CBI will have to collect information of specific instances of bribery and corruption practices against these officers of doubtful integrity and to register FIRs against them if there is prima facie evidence against them. In spite of the above guidelines issued by the Central Govt., the CBI has no time or adequate staff to carry out this surveillance work and the internal Vigilance Department also does not keep real surveillance over such officials, relegating to the background such an important function, mostly due to lack of adequate staff. This list just remains on paper for years together if the management or the government wants to keep some corrupt officials on this list for the sake of maintaining this list as a routine exercise. No real exercise is being made sincerely to verify the allegations for which the officials are kept in this “watch” list. The Vigilance Department does it job perfectly if a case of false personal claim is to be investigated. It does not put under its scanner award of contracts worth crores of rupees when it comes to the Board level. The Vigilance Department in a PSU does close its eyes when the bureaucrats or the Ministers of the Ministry misuse the company’s properties but it takes cognizance of such misuse by the company’s executives at construction sites or at project sites. The Chairman of the PSU deputes his company executives for helping “technically” the Ministers and the bureaucrats in their offices. The PSU has become a milking cow for the Ministry. When the Vigilance Department in the Central Ministries and their attached and subordinate offices, are playing a limited role of investigation, the Vigilance Departments in the Central PSUs are very active but are mostly doing the police functions because many of executives are from the CBI or police background. They investigate complaints and do not take steps to prevent corruption and fraud. Employees are scared of visiting the offices of Vigilance Officers because they think if they visit such offices, they would be looked down upon by their colleagues in the same manner people are not hesitant to visit police stations for lodging complaints. No whistle blower employee would like to visit a vigilance officer in his office for giving information. The whistle blower does not trust the vigilance officer for giving information. The term “Vigilance” has created a bad image about vigilance officers working in the PSUs. Appointment of Independent Monitors and its effectiveness As per the guidelines issued by the CVC for overseeing implementation and effectiveness of the Integrity Pact Programs in Central PSUs, Independent Monitors are being appointed in consultation with Transparency International India, an international NGO which fights corruption globally, and such appointments are finally approved by the CVC. This is a very good wonderful system in the Central PSU for combating corruption through a third party monitoring. The major goal of the Independent Monitor will be to oversee implementation of Integrity Pact Program to prevent corruption, bribes and any other unethical practices in the company. If the Independent Monitor observes or suspects an irregularity, he will inform the C&MD of the company and Chairman of the Audit Committee of its Board of Directors. Once the Independent Monitor is satisfied that any irregularity has taken place, he may also inform CVC and Transparency International-India. He can also avail himself of the services of private audit or law firms at the cost of the company. The system of independent third party monitoring in Central PSU is the best tool for combating corruption. But there is a genuine doubt whether this system is implemented in its spirit. Everything remains on paper and the CVC is periodically apprised of the work undertaken by the Independent Monitor. In most of the companies, retired bureaucrats who are close to the Chairmen or the Minister or the Secretary of the Ministry are appointed to these positions. Such retired bureaucrats at one point of time might have favored the Chairman of the company who is the sole authority who initiatives this appointment. The Independent Monitor does not have enough staff and expertise to work in a highly commercial and technical organization. He has to completely depend upon the management to provide him the infrastructure. He simply goes by the reports given by the committee of officials who are part of the management. The retired bureaucrat, being the Independent Monitor, who enjoys the confidence of the C&MD cannot be expected to be impartial in his judgment and cannot be having a thorough knowledge of the company’s functioning, especially the procedure of award of contracts and execution of projects. We do not know whether the Independent Monitor has ever engaged services of outside agencies such as accounting firms, law firms, etc at company’s expense to discharge his duties. No public sector management would like to outsource the work of monitoring their work to third party law/audit firms like KPMG, etc. If the Independent Monitor has to be effective in his functioning, he must be, preferably, a retired senior level executive of the Public Sector Undertaking who had served the PSU in the Vigilance Department for a long time. It would be ideal to engage the services of a retired senior level public sector executive who has put in a service of about 15 years in vigilance functions and who is well aware of the systems and procedures of the PSU. The background check of a retired public sector executive can be easily made either with the CBI or with the CVC. The Independent Monitor should be able to function at least on 10 working days in a month with adequate supporting staff from the Vigilance Department/Audit Department. Appointment of the Independent Monitor in the PSU has to be made by independent and competent recruiters through open advertisements. The recruiter concerned has to forward a panel of selected candidates to the Chairman of the PSU for appointment. A person of proven integrity has to be appointed to this position after verification of antecedents. VOs spending precious time on preparing statistical returns A vigilance officer is supposed to be vigilant over the officials committing frauds. But in many offices, vigilance officers spend more time in preparing statistical reports to be sent to their CVOs/CVC/Nodal Ministry. In the first week of every month, he is busy preparing such reports and has no time to keep vigilance or surveillance over the corrupt officials. One of the vigilance officials working under a senior vigilance functionary was very hard working, having a very good knowledge of what was happening in the organization but he was neither liked by the top management nor was his work recognized in his own department. There are a few vigilance officials who are working hard, round the clock, gathering information. In my opinion, 90% vigilance officials just work in a routine manner without developing sources for getting information or without taking any steps to know what is happening in the organization. They are prompt in taking up investigations when they receive complaints. VOs spending precious time on scrutiny of property returns Another time consuming job of a Vigilance Officer is to verify the immovable property returns submitted by executives once in two years. He has to verify such returns of thousands of executives in a routine manner. The purpose of Government introducing submission of immovable property returns which has been made a mandatory requirement in the Conduct Rules is to ascertain whether the executive who submits this return has acquired assets disproportionate to his known sources of income. Frankly speaking, no corrupt officer would reflect the properties acquired by him through corrupt means in this return. The Vigilance Officer scrutinizing such returns cannot verify the genuineness of transactions shown in property returns by visiting the places where properties have been acquired by the executive. Further, the Vigilance Officer has no sanction of law for accessing the government records in Registration Departments or Municipal offices. At times, honest executives fail to report some transactions or report such transactions belatedly for which charge-sheets are issued to them on the advice of the Vigilance Department. CVC expects CVOs to ensure 100% scrutiny of these property returns. In an interesting case investigated by CBI, an IPS probationer while submitting his first property return at the time of joining service had shown acquisition of a large amount of gold as marriage gift. This young police officer had decided to turn the bribe amounts to be received by him during the course of his long career into white money in the form of marriage gift. In fact, this provision came in handy for him to accumulate wealth through corrupt means. Lacking powers of investigation under law and procuring attendance of witnesses during quasi judicial departmental inquiries In cases involving scrutiny of records in possession of private persons or vendors/contractors, the Vigilance Officer investigating the complaint has to collect evidences for which the law does not allow him to do so. Only police officers working in the Anti-Corruption Bureau of the state government or CBI have the lawful powers to investigate such complaints. Despite this handicap, many Vigilance Officers carry on investigations interacting with private persons and recording their statements. But, ultimately, during subsequent quasi-judicial departmental inquiries, these private persons are reluctant to appear as witnesses against the charge-sheeted executives, probably under the influence of the charged executives. Even if they appear as witnesses before the Inquiry Officers, they retract their earlier statements given to investigating Vigilance Officer during investigation. To procure their attendance during inquiries is the Herculean job of the Vigilance Department. Prosecutor becoming judge in disciplinary proceedings Another area of grave concern is regarding the role of Vigilance Department in disciplinary proceedings. If an officer is charge-sheeted for a major penalty, then his career would be doomed for a long period and during this period, he becomes a dead leaf in the tree. He cannot show devotion to duty as he is suspected to be under a cloud. The Vigilance Department conducts investigations and submits its report to the designated Disciplinary Authority concerned. As per the directions of CVC, a cell called Disciplinary Proceedings Cell has been created in every organization. In many organizations, this cell functions under the CVO. The prosecutor is not supposed to sit in the judgment seat because it would violate the principles of natural justice. Though the Vigilance Department has to function in an advisory role for the Disciplinary Authority concerned, the latter goes by the advice of the former because the CVO of the organization is considered “powerful” in the hierarchy of the organization. In some PSUs, this cell functions under the Director (Personnel). Disciplinary Authorities do not apply their minds to the facts mentioned in investigation reports or the recommendations made by the Vigilance Department proposing disciplinary action. Disciplinary Authorities are supposed to examine the reports of Inquiry Officers and to apply their minds. As the Disciplinary Authority concerned does not assert himself, the advice of the CVO becomes final in the ultimate analysis. The Disciplinary Authority simply signs the charge-sheet even if there is no prima facie case against the delinquent employee concerned just because he does not want to rub his shoulders with the powerful CVO in the organization. Training needs to be given to Disciplinary Authorities so that they may be aware of their disciplinary powers. There should be separation of disciplinary functions from vigilance functions. Ethics for Vigilance Officers Ethics programs should be conducted for vigilance officials, apart from completely overhauling the system of recruitments and functions of Vigilance Officers and Chief Vigilance Officer. Vigilance Department in a PSU conducts vigilance awareness workshop/seminar to sensitize the non-vigilance officials. But there is no ethics program tailor made for vigilance officials. Need for CVC to plug loopholes in Vigilance Management/Vigilance Administration CVC does not have any proper feedback system except through the statistical reports being submitted by CVOs to evaluate the vigilance work in PSUs. They do not know about the public perception of vigilance work in any PSU. It is time for CVC to introduce a feedback system, preferably, anonymous from employees in a PSU on a random sample basis to know about their perception and problems in matters relating to the functioning of the Vigilance Department. To induct professionalism into Vigilance Management in PSUs, Vigilance Officers of one PSU should be deputed to another organization for a period of 5 years. There are instructions from CVC that 30% of vacancies in the Vigilance Department should be on deputation basis. But such instructions remain on paper only. The present system of bringing officers of All India Services to the PSUs should be reviewed and dispensed with in due course. Of course, the system of appointment of senior vigilance executives on deputation to other PSUs as CVOs may be ideal. This system is perhaps applied by the Ministry of Personnel only to those Central PSUs located in places other than Delhi and that too in PSUs classified as Schedule C or D. If no IAS or IPS officer is willing to join such a public sector undertaking located in a remote place, then the same is filled up with some senior vigilance functionary from another PSU. Young MBA/Law/CA graduates should be inducted and adequately trained by CBI and other professional forensic training institutes at international level. Need for strengthening existing institutions of CBI and CVC It sounds a death knell to Vigilance Management in Central PSUs and the Central Govt. Departments. The Government of India has to take drastic measures to regulate the functions of the Vigilance Departments through the CVC. There is a need for revamping the vigilance machinery in the PSUs and the Ministries and for overhauling the functions of the Anti-Corruption Wing of CBI. There is absolutely no need for creation of a new anti-corruption institution like Lok Pal when the existing anti-corruption agency i.e. CBI has adequate powers to investigate the Ministers and top bureaucrats. In the 2G spectrum case, they have done their job. The CVC can be given the jurisdiction that the Govt. of India proposes to give to the Lok Pal, to inquire into the allegations against the Ministers and the senior bureaucrats. The CVC can have its own investigation cell and prosecution wing which the proposed Lok Pal Bill wants to give to the new institution of Lok Pal. The CVC has been known for its integrity since its inception and no scandal has been reported on its performance. The existing CVC can be made a multi-member Lok Pal institution after amending the CVC Act, 2003. There is no absolutely no need for creating another “powerful” anti-corruption body. The latest exposure of Wiki leaks about corruption in India has stated, “there is a direct and positive relationship between laws against corruption and the extent of corruption itself, i.e., each such law only means that there are more people to bribe.” When the author joined the CVC in 1973, there was a talk about the CVC becoming the Lok Pal. But the Govt. of India was sitting over this proposal for 3 decades and opened its eyes only when the social activists took to the street and introduced their own version of the “Jan Lok Pal Bill”. The Lokpal and Lokayukta Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha on December 8 last year. Then the Lokpal and Lokayuktas and Other Related Law (Amendment) Bill, 2014 is now under active consideration by a Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice. The moot question is whether creation of another anti-corruption institution would get rid of the monster of corruption, when one institution after another was falling on the wayside on the way to governance. Let us now watch and see how the menace of corruption would be dealt with under this new anti-corruption law. Present scenarioThe AAP government is the only government that means business to deal with the menace of corruption. With its Anti-corruption Bureau, it started catching the corrupt officials. But the LG of Delhi interfered in the functioning of this institution by appointing another chief to head this body, in addition to the official appointed by the AAP government. This institution has now almost come to a standstill. What is the guarantee that the Lok Pal and the Lok Ayukta institutions will not become defunct due to interference of the powers that be? The Lok Ayuka of Karnatake State has now come under a cloud. How can we ensure that the Lok Pals and the Lok Ayuktas being appointed under the revised laws would be fair and impartial in their functioning? No doubt, we can create a perfect Institution through law but such a perfect institution will be again manned by imperfect and unethical persons.
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