Sign Form for Administrative Now

When I was a Hospice nurse I was called to a patient that DEFACS had brought in close to death. The social worker was there waiting on me to do skin assessments ,bloodwork and to clean that poor lady up. She was so dirty that she had ulcers in every skin fold where the family had refused to keep her up and her spine had hardly any skin left . We took massive amounts of pictures expecting to really prosecute family members for elder abuse. It took 2 hours just to soak the dirt off her skin and cut both fingernails and toe nails . She only weighed 70 pounds. The social worker could not find the family members. When I came back in the next morning the CNA told me of a strange tale of finding 2 men and a woman that were found sleeping under the ladies hospital bed. That she had woken them up and found that they were starved to death. They gave them all the snacks they had and milk and they ate like they hadn’t seen food in days. I ask the night nurse but she had been so over whelmed on her shift had had not even checked on this patient. I called the social worker and informed her. I then got her blood work back and like we had expected she was in severe liver failure. That night I went back to see if I could see her family and check on the lady’s pain that we were having trouble with. About midnight these 3 horribly dirty people came in. You could tell that they were mentally retarded and really meant no harm. They were so very hungry. I had a CNA go to the Kroger store and get them meals and snacks. I then worked on the lady and got her comfortable as I could. I called the social worker and the DON because this was a true emergency . About that time my patient opened her eyes and demanded too go home. When she saw the people she started crying. Come to find out that this poor lady was their mother. That her father had raped her for over 30 years . You could tell she was a little mentally challenged also . I was really proud of our social worker and the DON. They went to their old address and found the old single wide they had lived in. They had not had power or water on in the 5 years they could find out. Neighbor let them get a bucket of water from his house every now and then. There was food cans just thrown everywhere around their property. Until the lady got so sick that she could not pick up cans they supplemented her social security doing that. They walked everywhere they went. That meant these poor people were just lost souls. They didn’t know how to go to the bank or store. I don’t think they had ever gone to school. During these days the poor lady was going down fast and the only thing keeping her here was the love she had for her children. She could not go until she knew her children would be taken care of. It was horrible to see her pain. Between the state , local churches , and even the nursing staff here we obtained clothes for them. Made them take a bath. They acted like they had never seen a shower and refused a bath so it was like teaching a baby. We got them put on emergency Medicaid and was admitted to nursing home next door with condition they could stay with their mother as long as possible. When the final day came I told the lady what we had done and that her children would always be cared for. She thanked me and told me she had to go now. She called her children over and told them good-by then went into a coma. She died 10 hours later. How could a country as great as ours let these poor people live like animals? Everyone was crying over this case , even the doctor. This lady and children had never been to a doctor that we could find. I found out later that the children later had to be sent to mental hospitals because they could not adjust to being around people. I hope I never see anything like this again but I was happy that we could help in some small way. It effected me so hard that I had to take a month off to get my head together again.

...does anyone really, really believe it's possible that students smart enough to get into top colleges are just now learning how to cheat effectively?Of course not. What's happening is clear: cheaters are simply more likely to get caught than before.You can input the entirety of a student's essay into an engine that will automatically divide it into numerous sections and then crawl the web for similarities. The good ones also have their own large cache of previously written essays.Everyone has quirks in their code that are unique to them and you can write code to detect aberrations from these quirks and analyze their statistical likelihood of having been copied.Electronic submission of assignments/tests has made trivial the identification of likely duplicates within classes. Previously, this was an arduous task to be done manually; in large college classes of 200+ people, the likelihood of a professor or TA remembering one submission well enough to remember it while reading its duplicate 3 hours later in the grading process was slim to none.Records of previous submissions in electronic form has put a damper on some of the legacy submissions (i.e. younger brother submitting the assignment his older sibling submitted 6 years prior).None of the above was even close to possible 10 years ago. We just didn't have the technology. What has happened is a dramatic shift in the dynamic of power between the cheater and the administrator.Previously, you could cheat from nearly any source and if you weren't completely thick about it, it was extremely unlikely that anyone would find out and take you to task. The cheater always had two huge advantages:Everyone assumed you produced/turned in honest work.It was nearly impossible to figure out what you'd cheated off of. No one is going to manually go through every book in the public library to see if you didn't just copy enormous sections of your history essay from another text.Now, however, that first advantage is quickly going by the wayside, and cheaters and administrators use the same ultimate tool: the internet.The massive amount of content on the internet and the ubiquity of Google have been game-changing equalizers. Administrators now have the same power to search as the cheater, and smart ones are quickly taking advantage of this newfound power.Not only that, but the ability to program a computer to recognize signs of cheating has greatly augmented administrator's ability; given the prohibitive cost of these programs, it's now fair to say that administrators can actually one-up the overwhelming majority of students, with the sole exception being the incredibly affluent.That is why you are seeing this so-called "rise" in cheating. It's been going on in numerous forms for an incredibly long time, but administrators are finally starting to understand just how prevalent it is thanks to their new toys.

Im not much bewildered upon looking at above comments on chandra babu naidu.He has been revolutionary when globalization took place in india bringing all IT reforms to andhra pradesh I.e, in Hyderabad at that time. However people over here in quora belong to a educated background and most of them also belong to IT background thus the scale of development he took in it had popularity it rightly deserved.            But if there were farmers in here , the view points would have been otherwise.  CBN has neglected agriculture to the core which led to his downfall for the next 10years. Also in the just concluded 2014elections cbn was able to win due to his promise on loan waiver which led the agricultural godavari districts to vote for him in landslide.Please refer the voting percent age before differing on my views.             There are 87, 700crore loans ,be it agricultural or gold etc. Cbn while declaring his manifesto cleverly never mentioned the exact figure he would like waive to be on safe side. Even the election commision in its official gazzete has issued cbn a notice which asked him to maintain a clear stance on loan waiver as it would miss lead the public. Poor farmers they aren't aware of his tactics fell for it. The result cbn got enough majority to form his own government.  Upon becoming cm much to the fear of EC...CBN has declared loan waiver upto 5% of what actually was due and that too in installments upto 5years for the amount which exceeds 50, 000rs.               And now he talks of making Amaravati, the new capital of Andhra pradesh  in to a world class city on par with singapore n newyork. Dear readers please think practically and with logic, Andhra pradesh has budget of mere 1lac crore and that too a deficit of 25000crore. Thanks to our economists who have predicted for the near future. During his campaign in election cbn claimed he would get a minimum of 1, 00, 000lac crore of package for the capital development. We hardly got 3000crore till now. A city like Hyderabad or delhi which have revenues of atleast twice or thrice that of the state of andhra Pradesh are not even close to Singapore or newyork.  Would it be possible for a city like Amaravati to do the same considering facts???            I have tonnes of facts to share but limited it to these considering readers paitence. While few CM's did development in few areas CBN did it in other being IT when it was at peak in india and that got him enough publicity.im not denying his stupendous effort in this are but remember banglore still remained ahead of Hyderabad during cbn's reign. Agriculture being major sector in Andhra .cbn shouldn't have neglected it to the that extent .Irrigational projects were undertaken only at a mere 1600crores compared to successor government  which multiplied it to 16000crore in months time.There will be less people here to represent farmers but go out and visit any of the villages in Andhra pradesh youl get the true picture that the national media never talked off.

I snuck into my ex-wife’s high school to ask her out to prom.It was about 2 weeks away from Prom Night.I haven’t officially asked out my ex-wife (then girlfriend) yet, but I wanted to surprise her.The high school that she went to was very strict about who could come and go in and out.I tried the frontal approach to the front desk lady.I told her that I was planning on asking out my ex-wife to prom and wanted to know the lunch times.She told me that she could not let me in and that she could not give me the information.*Damn it.*Time to get clever.The next day, I call the school.I pretend that I am a parent complaining that my son didn’t get enough food in between the days.I asked the school when were the lunch times and why he was so hungry that he would not focus in school.Lunch A: 11:15amLunch B: 12:15pmMy ex-wife ate at Lunch A.Perfect.I hang up the phone.The same day, I go and buy a super-cheesy-glittery card and a nice rose.The next day arrives.Time to put my plan into action.I asked my good friend to help me with this.The plan was to have my friend pretend to be a new student and talk about the school syllables and rules.Schools love talking about syllables and rules.I would then casually walk into the high school like I went there, wearing a winter coat and backpack to make it more obscure.ONWARD! WE STRIKE, TONIGHT!——We get to the high school.I go over the plan with my friend just to make sure.My friend does and starts talking to the front desk lady.She then pulls out an assignment book and starts talking to my friend.SUCCESS!I walk in into the school with my head down.I get to the cafeteria and sit down.SUCCESS!Time was 11:18am. I blend in with the crowd easily, allowing me to scan the cafeteria for my ex-wife.I spot her sitting down, eating.I take off my coat, revealing a semi-formal getup.Gotta dress to impress, right?I grab out of my backpack the rose I bought like a rabbit out of a hat.I slowly walk up to her and tap her shoulder.She turns around and looks at me.Her eyes grow wide with a “WTF ARE YOU DOING HERE?!” look.I smile and shush her.I get on my knee and hand out the rose.By now, the whole cafeteria was watching me.Me: “Babe… will you go to prom with me?”She looks at the rose and gasps.She covers her mouth and tears start to water.She shakes her nodding yes because she couldn’t say it herself.I get up and hug her.She squeezes me.The whole cafeteria starts to clap and whistle.She then looks at me.She whispers: “I think you’re going to be in trouble now though.”Me: “Why?”She looks behind me.I look back.The clapping of the students and whistling brought the attention of the principal who was on lunch guard duty.He stood there with his arms across his chest.I grimace.At the same time, I try and smile.Principal: “If you are done here, you can leave now.”I nod my head.I give my ex-wife one more hug and walk out the school.With my head held high, I drive away from the school.I get a text from my ex-wife.‘Butthead. <3 N___N’Ah, how nostalgic. (Butthead was my nickname btw.)That’s the gist of it.

what are the worst things about bit mesra? We, the people of BIT Mesra. Let me start with something everyone is acquainted to at BIT. Every time when the semester begins, I stand in a line of 1000 people in a small ,and filthy room dealing with almost uneducated and snail-paced semi-morons to pay my mess fess.       Yes, I am the one who pays, yet, the one who suffers. I do not utter a          word.When I came here, I was promised a singly-accommodated room in the college brochure. However, I was made to live with someone in a small 10 by 6 room. I didn't utter a word. I had Rs. 65,000 fees for my first semester which escala...

**My response is to the original question: What are some of the hardest things in life you have encountered?. It is off the top of my mind and not in chronological order. It is not the story of my life, just stuff that I found exceedingly difficult to get through, overly trying, and sometimes even life threatening. **I've been raped, beaten up by 2 different men I was in love with,stalked….all by completely different individuals and at different times of my life,betrayed by close members of family,the sudden death of my mother, the realization that she had become an alcoholic, more than hard….saying good-bye in Africa to the love of my life forever,care taking the last two years of my best cat friend's life and waiting and watching her die from a terminal disease,standing up in front of my 8th grade class citing the Declaration of Independence,given some acid or LSD that pushed me over the edge into a really frightening hallucinating bad trip,being told by doctors that I had to give up my lifelong career otherwise I would go deaf,giving up my only passion in life: teaching dance,living in silence for 25+ years to protect the hearing I had left, more than difficult to do as a music lovertaking a powerful Swiss insurance company to court three times in order to get what they legally and rightfully owed me,sixteen years of waiting for my lawyers answers and being careful every minute not to be over emotional (very difficult for me to do),the unexplainable sensations of gaining weight on a dancer-fit body while MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) took over my will and spirit,Peri-MENOPAUSE, MENOPAUSE, Post Menopause, oh those hormonal and neurotransmitter changes…brutal,Each experience of the devastating loss/deaths of all principle people in my life within a ten year span,the approximately 35 year estrangement of my brother,Relocating to two different European countries within five years and leaving everything and everyone I loved behind for the advancement of my career, (Californian here)going to prison in Munich, Germany for over staying my visa to report illegal doings by my Bavarian employer,Being kicked out of my deceased mother's home by my step father's first family without knowing my side of things,Loving a man so deeply that saying no to marriage because of his alcoholism killed me,Having to give a strange man a hand job for giving me a ride to work otherwise violent outcome,studying algebra for 3 years in high school and finally passing with a D grade,Staying home at 16 when my gut was telling me to get out,Leaving home at 17/18 with only $20 that Mom had given to me for my Slectric typewriter, was my graduation present that she liked better than me….My best ever closest friend stroking out and barely surviving for two years in a hospital bed on life support while I was living in a Podunk trashy situation in the armpit of America and succumbed to a serious emotional breakdown,my 14th birthday no one came to my party so I ate the whole cake (rare recipe) in 1962….the real red velvet cake and icing, this wasn't so hard thoughBeing laughed at and pointed at while trying to walk up a sand dune where my butt was exaggerated so much that someone yelled, have you ever seen such a big butt? Oh yeah, that hurt so much and I was only 13 I still can feel the sting of being made fun of……Having to pretend to be happy when miserably despondent inside wanting to kill myself whenever I was around people, depression is misunderstood and chaotically difficult,Letting someone else clean my home because I'm in too much arthritis pain to stand up longer than five minutes,reinventing myself, my identity, my values, my passions, my dreams after overwhelming loss and deciding to stay alive instead of dying.Maybe I should stop here….too many difficult things I've been through to list I guess and probably haven't even touched the more life changing ones on this list yet, but that's enough for now I think. I have just as many wonderful memories too and those keep me going.06/21/2018edit note: After writing this answer, nothing above seems as hard or difficult to me any more as what has happened to me since.I can't see ( blind) in my right eye now which could simply be a cataract…I'm hopingAll of my teeth are falling out or decaying, and the bridges put in 40 years ago are broken, chipped or goneI'm not able to get my knee replacement surgery for reasons listed belowI have a huge fatty tumor in between my shoulders on my backA red flat patch next to it that bleeds occasionally all on its ownoh yeah, and I've been diagnosed with Stage 4 melanoma and bone cancer, metastaticso what's difficult?Making the right decision for me of whether to do chemo or let the cancer take me naturally.I'm rather numb right now…

I am an ME(MTech since the joining batch of 2016) student in Communication and Networks course at Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, IISc Bangalore, India.TL;DR: A mixed feeling of excitement, learning from the best, fulfilled with expectations and a hectic schedule.Continue to read if you are interested in knowing the details.Joining and the 1st term:After getting the official confirmation about the selection on May 13th 2015, we had to go to the campus on July 13th 2015 to get our documents verified. Now I was an official student at IISc from July 16th 2015.First week of August, was really exciting. Year long of hard work, expectations were going to be experienced now. These classes were mostly dedicated for administration (like setting up class timings, information on the schedule of upcoming tests and etc) purposes, introduce the course syllabus for the term and to start off with the syllabus on a slow pace.More importantly, during this first week, one needs to submit to the administrating office (in my case, ECE) the list of courses that I would be crediting for the term. Since this degree requires us to complete 36 credits of coursework (minimum 12 courses) in 2 years, the usual trend in the number of subjects split across the terms are 5,5,2,0 (starting 5 in the first term).Now, from the second week till the end of the term, which is usually in the November last week, one will be immersed in these courses and their regular tests.And the first two weeks of December will be the course exams.Now I’ll write about other things other than the coursework.My department didn’t have any restriction of the attendance. Yet most of the students attend 100% of the classes since most of the courses and the instructor’s method of teaching are so alluring.Students are getting adjusted to the mess timings, hostel rooms, their bicycles in the first month. There are 4 messes. Each have a fundamental period of 1 week to repeat the menu. So students are exploring for their norm good food served on which days, and stuff like that. Though I was a day scholar during the first term, I had pretty good friends outside and earlier to the start of the program who acquainted me with these hosteler’s stuff.In the second/third week, you’ll get your own institute email-id, and username and password for centrally connected internet. Though the internet is not provided in the hostels, it’s available in most of the other places such as the library and the departments. The email is accessed through something called roundcube.com. There are bunch of emails coming in daily, basically a broadcast from every department. These emails typically consists of information on the talks, conferences that are going to happen in the near future, sports activities schedule and information on other activities.During the early second month we had our fresher’s party organised by our supporting seniors in our department. This is great for connecting with people around you since you are going to spend with these people for 2 coming years. There was a fresher’s party organised centrally for all the departments, though I didn’t attend it.Since we get the stipend/scholarship through Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, we are supposed to get signed a form of stipend by our faculty adviser and submit the same to our department within the first 13 days of every month. A faculty in the department is set randomly to every student as a faculty adviser. You can go to this faculty for getting an advice if you have any institutional or coursework or any other queries.So during this first term I got to know about each and every faculty at my department. Got to know, in the sense, what are their research interests, reputation among the society and similar such questions. This is an important and useful self observation to do since you’ll be asked to choose your guide for your project work which carries 28 credits in the program.Assignment of guides to the students happened in November in my case. There’s an algorithm for it used by the department. Each student, faculty has to give 5 faculty, student names respectively in order of preference. Then an algorithm is executed to match a faculty and a student. The list of first preferred name in one of the faculty’s list is taken, if that student has mentioned the same faculty name as their first preference then the match is made. Some algorithm is followed, I can give the details if anyone is interested in knowing, but the important step is to choose a faculty of your interest, talk with them a priori to this algorithm running event and to convince that particular faculty on your interests for working with them.This was all the important stuff happened in the first term.December last two weeks were the term holidays.2nd term:There’s minor differences compared to the first term.Second term started on the first week of January. The selection of courses now aren’t your own picking, rather both you and your guide’s decision. This is important because the guide will have some project idea for you to pursue in your final year, hence your guide will suggest you to select some required coursework for that purpose.The month of January is when the most awaited event, Pravega, happens. So you’ll enjoy the start of the term with some great 3 day fest conducted by the under graduates.This semester was packed with loads of assignments, tests, projects and exams; which made us work sometimes till 2AM and plus. This also made me stay in the IISc hostel!Just a random click on my phone of Gulmohar Marg in IISc at about 2AM.Some nights are spent playing TT to have a change in your routine coursework. Some students participate in various activities like sports, music etc.Then speedily came the initial days of the month of May, which ended our second term.Summer term:This is a short term from May to July.The main objective of this term is to get started with your project with your guide. I had a reading assignment in this period.You can take any amount of holidays after discussing the dates with your guide.So this ends my perspective/experience to the question of, “How is the first year at IISc for an M.Tech student?”

In 1975 I was assigned to the 1/19th Infantry Battalion, 25th Infantry Division at Schofield Barracks, HI. Although I was an Infantryman (11B MOS) I was detached from my line unit to Battalion HQ as I had another Secondary MOS in Administration (71L).Under Army Regulations, when someone left for a Leave it was necessary to sign out on the approved Leave form prior to departure. On weekends or other after duty times the forms were sent to the Battalion HQ where the NCO assigned as Charge-of-Quarters managed the sign-out process.One young Private reported to HQ to sign out but the CQ did not find his approved leave in the file. This was not entirely unusual and, as the CQ knew that a leave had been approved by the young man’s Unit Commander, he let him go saying they’d take care of the paperwork when he returned from leave. Tragically he died in an accident while on leave.As one of my regular tasks at Battalion included preparing the Duty Status Report, and as it was especially necessary in this case before the soldier’s family was notified of the death - and before they received Death Benefits - I noted his status as “Present for Duty to Approved Leave to Deceased” and sent this to the soldier’s Company Commander for his signature. While waiting for the form to be signed and returned I also began preparations for the letter that was going to be signed by the Battalion Commander and sent to his family.Instead of signing the form the Company Commander came to Battalion and informed me that this man did not have an approved leave because he did not sign out as required. He further told me that though the man had requested the leave he, as the CO, never approved it. Accordingly, he instructed me to change my status report to “Present for Duty to AWOL to Deceased” which would have resulted in the soldier’s family receiving nothing and being informed that their son was in violation of Army Regulations at the time of his death. I was totally shocked as I knew this was untrue, and I informed the Captain of that fact and that I refused to change my Report.In anger, the Captain ordered me to accompany him to the Battalion Commander’s office to answer for my “insubordination” and face whatever penalty the Colonel deemed appropriate. I did so and explained to the Colonel what had actually happened, that the man’s First Sergeant would verify that the Leave had in fact been approved by the Captain, and that the man’s name was still on the Company HQ’s Duty Status Board noting that he was on Leave, something the 1SG would not had done unless he had personally seen the approved form. The Colonel seemed to side with me and I was dismissed to continue preparing my report and the notification letter. At the same time the 1SG looked into the Company Commander’s waste basket - and found the leave form, signed by him, and then crumpled up and thrown out. He brought the form to Battalion and gave this to the Colonel. While he and I waited outside the office we could hear the Colonel speaking to the Captain in anger but, after a while, he came out of his office, looked at us, and then stated that while the form had in fact been approved the young man still violated regulations by leaving without signing out as required. I was then ordered - again - to change my report noting that this Private died while AWOL.Now I was the angry one and, although just a Junior NCO (3-striper at the time), I gave the Colonel a “one finger salute” and went back to my office and slammed the door, ignoring the Colonel’s order to stop.When the Colonel - and most of his Battalion Officers - came into my office I was ready for them, although I thought I could still end up in Leavenworth. Before the Colonel could say a word I laid out on my desk a stack of Leave Forms that, since I was responsible for Duty Status Reports, had been sent to me for filing. As I went through them I sorted out a number that had not been “properly” handled.“This form is for the Commander of Company C. He is currently on Leave but has not signed out as required by Regulations. I will prepare the AWOL Report on him, Sir. This one is for the First Sergeant of the Combat Support Company. He is currently on leave also but has not signed out. I will report him as AWOL, Sir, as required.” Altogether I found perhaps a dozen others that were technically AWOL to include one of the Colonel’s Staff Officers.The Colonel looked at me, realized how serious I was, and then turned to his officers and said, “How did you people let me get into this mess?” He then turned to me and said, “Sergeant Keith, prepare your report and the letter, noting that this young man was on approved leave at the time of his death.” I responded by saying, “Yes, Sir. Already done.” He then ordered the Captain to return to his office with him where, I expect, the Captain was reamed a new one.A few months later the Colonel - a Lieutenant Colonel actually - was promoted to Full Colonel and reassigned to Division HQ. When I had occasion to go to Division HQ I tried to avoid running into him as I still thought I was on the sh-t list with him but one day I did run into him and he told me to come into his office and close the door. This is what he said: “Sergeant Keith, although you might have handled that situation better, you were right and I was wrong. I apologize.”My respect for this man has never left me to this day.

Neither (and no, Aramaic didn’t evolve from Arabic).Syriac is a variety of Aramaic, and Arabic definitely didn’t develop from it or any other varitey of Aramaic (notwithstanding a couple of others here who think Aram and Arab sounding similar is somehow evidence. It isn’t—not once you know what Aram meant in ancient times (i.e, what is now Syria: Aramaya literally means “of Syria”—a reflection of the Syrian origin of the language):Aram (region) - WikipediaIt also starts with an Aleph; Arabic’s name starts with a Ayin (and no, Aramaic didn’t lose its Ayins in ancient times, nor did Arabic gain Ayins).Arabic lacks the Northwest Semitic innovations common to both Hebrew and Aramaic (such as word-initial mutation of w to y). It also lacks Aramaic’s suffix (which then became the language’s equivalent to the definite article EDIT: I’ve found other interpretations, such as an extension of the feminine, or as an inversion of the ha pronoun—think “noun+ha”, instead if “ha+noun” (Pat-El, 2009, “The development of the Semitic Definite Article: a Syntactic approach), or its use of dhu as a purely genitive marker (Frozen itself in a genitive form).Arabic also doesn’t have Aramaic’s tendency of turning n’s to r’s ( bar in Aramaic, bin in Arabic, for example), not did it share the trend toward spirantization (so it can’t even be said to very influenced by Aramaic, beyond some loanwords. EDIT: and apparently, they got those from writing, since the pronounciation is too archaic, or just plain off***). Finally, Arabic largely lost the originaly conceptive derivation (this takes some explanation: in PS, you got a concept for a root—say m-l-k, by adding an ūt ending. So m-l-k = malkūtum* “kingship”. Arabic borrowed this word from Aramaic, but beyond a few loanwords of this form from it and Hebrew, this form was lost early in Arabic’s evolution; concepts are instead done in other ways: most commonly, like this: 3-S-b > 3aSabiyyah).Similarly, Aramaic lacks the following features that Arabic exhibited since the earliest attestations in text (as complete sentences, anyway)1-fi (Arabic for “in”)2-inna and anna (I forget the technical term in English, but they look like this in Arabic: إن، أن(.3-the use of the maf’ul form.4–negative ma (this is partly shared with Hebrew, but in Hebrew’s case it’s largely a poetic device, and is not used at all in regular speech or writing (it’s in the bible); Arabic’s ma no longer just means “what”, but also means “not”)5-broken plurals (this btw isn’t as helpful in figuring out where Arabic belongs; we’ll return to this).Finally: both are first attested withing a century of each other—not enough time for Aramaic to become Arabic (and certainly not enough to develop the complex case system Proto-Arabic had, which survives in our writing to this day: that system btw is more complex than what PS had).Arabic is currently classified as a Primary branch of Central Semitic (the other is NW Semitic—Aramaic goes here, along with Hebrew, Amorite, and possibly Sabaean and its kin, though Sabaean and its kin might themselves form a primary offshoot of Central Semitic). So the features it does share with Aramaic are typically those it inherited from proto-central-Semitic, spoken sometime before 2000BC. Keep in mind that Semitic languages exhibit signs of constant contact for long period before they split off from each other: this is why Moabite—a Canaanite dialect—has features similar to those in Aramaic and Arabic (the use of n instead of m for plurals comes to mind).So Arabic didn’t evolve from Aramaic. While we’re at it, it sure as heck didn’t evolve from Sabaean** or any other Epigraphic South Arabian Language (Arabic lacks the bizarre turn those fellows took with the case system, which uses m, n, and null to indicate various states of definitiveness; the specifics have prompted one linguist to propose that Aramaic and Sabaean are somehow related more closely than previously believed (Sabaean doens’t have the w-y change though, so…)).Additionally, the broken plural system used there and in Arabic are different in form anyway, with slightly different strategies (the differences are even greater with Ethio-Semitic). It’s now being proposed (notably by Huehnergard and al-Jallad), that all broken plurals are in fact derived from a PS strategy for plurals, lost in Akkadian and NW Semitic.So Arabic evolved directly from a proto-Central Semitic dialect. The only question is where?Well, I can tell you where it didn’t:1-Yemen: not attested there till c. The 1st Century BC. It has another issue—one shared by Oman (see below).2-Central Arabia: the Thamudic inscriptions there typically reveal an undeciphered language (if it were Arabic, we’d know: keep reading)3-Ihsa’: Arabic is found there, but it postdates the first record of either Arabic or Arabs.4-Oman: we know South Semitic languages were spoken there first: they all have a notable Cushitic substratum that Sabaean and Arabic lack. That should tell you something obvious, so I’ll not type up the paragraph needed to elaborate.5-Ethiopia: they did their own thing there too, and this is first attested around the same time Arabic is.6-the fertile crescent proper (obvious reasons).So where is Arabic from?Well, there’s one area left out: the marginal regions in what is now Jordan, the Sinai, and eastern Syria, and the Hijaz (particularly the north). That’s the only area that hasn’t been ruled out. Any inscriptions?well, yes: here are some inscriptions—mostly in Jordan and Hijaz (I’ll transliterate into the languages current writing system: any missing long vowels should be easy to fill in):مرد عل اجرفس كسر هسلسلة (if you know your Holy Land History, you can date this one)فيفعل لا فدا و لا اثرا فكن هنا يبغنا الموت لا ابغاه فكن هنا ارد جرج لا يردنالصعب بن وهب هسفرلشر بن نشدال بن فرس و هرق هنقة (the last part would be spelled nowadays as و هرّق هناقة(here’s a curse (can you spot the deity?)فهلت عورم عور حجر بعد سفر (with modern spelling: فهلّات عوّري ما عوّر حجر بعد سفر)A random king’s name from the area:حارثLet me put this way: I’ll let any Arab who reads the above take a stab at translation. There’s one word here that may be not so obvious, but context might clear it up (these are all rock inscriptions: that’s all the context needed)I mentioned tow people here: Huehnergard and al-Jallad. Their articles are readily available online, and they do a great job explaining the evidence. Conclusive? No. It’s possible more inscriptions could upend this, so this might make this all outdated anyway. But currently, that origin makes the most sense: the earliest mention of Arabs (or any Arabic word), are as soldiers fighting in Northern Syria at Qarqar, 853BC, as part of a coalition of a dozen princes against Shalmaneser III. As gindibu—their leader—is listed as a prince, this suggest they’ve been around long enough to form at least a proto-state.Anyone arguing for a Yemeni origin (or anywhere else) for the language would have to explain the earlier mention in the North, and also explain how a people in Yemen were able to bring a contingent all the way to Northern Syria—and not be noted for this by anyone. Finally, why no evidence of Arabic in the south till centuries later—by which time the Arabs produced three polities in the north (Gindibu’s Arabs, Qeder, Nabataea)?EDIT: I’ve fixed so typos, and added suggestions for further typos to be fixed.**there are two branches of Semitic represented in these inscriptions: South and Central (Ethiosemitic traditionally under the former, though it might in fact be separate). Sabaean is in the latter, as are a few of the other Old South Arabian languages.***It seems strange, until you consider that even in many Arab areas, Aramaic was used for administration (the Nabataeans were Arab, and spoke Arabic, but used Aramaic for administration. This was a pro-business policy: the Nabataeans—much like Arabs later on, and into the present—have always appreciated business: they were as much merchants as nomad and warriors.)