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FAQs
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How was your ISRO interview experience?
My interview was at Antriksh Vihar, Delhi on 1/08/2018. I applied for Scientist ‘SC’ in Mechanical Engineering Branch. I was 30th in the merit in the written qualified candidates(Scored 200/231) but it was of no use as ISRO selects solely on the basis of Interview. Total 382 candidates were qualified for the interview.Firstly, I took guidance from some of my seniors at AMU working in ISRO. They told me to confident while giving the interview. Yet, I was quite nervous as I am 2018 batch pass out and had no idea of such interview.I entered the room and wished the panel members. There were around 11-panel members staring at me. The senior-most of them asked me to take my seat.M1: Introduce yourselfME: I introduce myself like this (remember the order)My name is Mohammad Munis and I am from Deoria, UP. I did my high-school from Jeevan Marg Sophia Secondary School, Deoria with 88.04% in 2012, +2 from Senior Secondary School, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) with 84% in 2014. I did my B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering from Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology, AMU with 8.94 CPI in 2018. My B.Tech final yr project was on “Optimisation in the efficiency of Wells Turbine” which was successfully completed by the team member of three. Currently, I am pursuing my M.Tech in Thermal and Fluid Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay.Now, coming to my family background. My father is a teacher, my mother is a housewife. We are 5 siblings. 2 brother and 3 sisters and I am at number 4.M2: Take the pen and go to the whiteboard.ME: I didM2: Draw a vertical line. from its, draw a horizontal line with a mass attached at its end. The system is rotating about its vertical axis. Design the shaft.ME: As I was doing, they stopped me and jumped to next questionM2: Why the spokes of a cycle wheel do not buckle although their bunch gets buckle?ME: I explainedM3: what are the modes of heat transfer?ME: conduction, convection, radiationM3: What are the laws of radiationME: I answered and we had some discussion over thatM3: Does the wavelength of radiation is fixed or it has some range?M3: Then how we use the formulae to calculate them?ME: I explained to them by drawing some fig of black, real and grey bodyM3: Why blackbody is called as a blackbodyME: I explainedM4: How to prevent a body from radiation?ME: I explained by drawing some figM4: Why rocket are yellow in colour?ME: I asked is it really yellow or white as I have seen in movies then we had some funny discussion over that.then I tried to explain using E vs lambda dig which was already drawn on board.M5: Suppose you have a black and a white car. Which would have a higher inner temp.?ME: both will have the same temp.They laughed and said that I am wrong.then I explained using emissivity I explained the Stefan eqn very properly and gave some eg for the two cars and applied the law.They asked my eg again and finally got convinced(there was an inverted frustum-shaped glass on my table)M6:Draw the elevation, plan, LHS, RHS,cross-sectional.while I was drawing one of them asked that whether it is a 1st angle or 3rd angle projection.ME:3rd (hurriedly)they all laughed and asked me to go verify. I was confused and about to say something.M1: thank you very much.I thanked them and walked out of the room.The result of the interview has been declared and I am happy to announce that I have been selected with AIR 29
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How was your KVPY 2018 interview?
Location: IISc BangaloreNote: long answer aheadI gave the Kvpy SX interview 2017–18.It was my first interview ever. Being a physics enthusiast and ambitious to do pure science after 12th, this interview was very important to me. My calculated score seemed to be pretty decent and I still had a chance of getting a rank below 200 if I get above 80 in the interview.After consulting some seniors and friends I decided to take up electromagnetics and physical chemistry as my strong topics and prepared for the interview.I signNowed the centre by 8 30 AM and waited for about 4 hours before I was finally called in.There were 7–8 interviewers sitting by a long table. Most of them looked young and in their 30s.P: Good afternoon. Have a seat.Me: Good afternoon mam and sirs.P: So Sharaj tell me how have you been preparing for this interview.Me: For last two weeks I have been preparing exclusively for kvpy interview. I went through the concepts of my syllabus and prepared electromagnetics and physical chemistry specificallyP: What about other topicsMe: I went through them but I am not that confident in other topics.P: Ok. So tell me how do you know light is an electromagnetic wave?Me: ( what!? All my life I learn that light is an EM wave and why did it never occur to me why?) Well, I think its because it has sinusoidally varying electric and magnetic fields. Plus it's also non mechanical wave so we know it should be EM waveP: No you just defined an EM wave. But how do you know light is one?Me: (thinks)P: Do you know what diffraction is?Me: Yes mam. But how does that prove….(thinks again)[ well later I realised she was leading me on to polarisation by scattering is phenomenon we observe everyday. And it is caused due the electric fields]P: Ok leave it. Tell me what is lenz law?Me: *answers*P: where do you see it in your real life.Me: *talks about magnet dropped through metallic pipe slows down due to induced currents*P: Ok but where else? Do you know about transformers, step up transformer and all?Me: Yes mam. Step up transformers has two coils with secondary winding more than primary and its used to step up the voltage level.P: go explain it on the board.Me: *goes and draws an air core transformer with 2 coils and explains the apparatus*P: Wait. What is a solenoid?Me: *answers and then continues* Ok here now the current varies in primary which causes a change in flux in secondary and that induced an EMF in the secondary.P: Yes but why is the EMF induced?Me: *Repeats that current is changing and says as a result of faradays law emf is induced.*P: [looks unsatisfied as if she was expecting something else. Maybe I misheard the question] OK leave it. Why does a conductor conduct and not an insulator?Me: there are free electrons in conductor which can move when electric field is applied but in insulators only dipoles can be induced. The electrons are bound.P: So if you rip out all free electrons off a conductor and then apply an AC source across it what would happen.Me: *instantly*it would act as an insulator. It won't conductP: Are you sure?Me: *Thinks and says yes*P: Draw the circuit for AC applied across capacitors. And explain what happens there.[Stupid me! I didn't realise she was leading me to the answer to the previous question. ]Me: *by this time I was already lost as I realised I messed up the interview. I take around a minute to draw the circuit and write Q=CV.* Mam should I derive the impedance equation here(as she asked me to explain the working).P: No that's enough. Q=CV is what I wanted ( not sure if she was being sarcastic)(By this time I had given up already. The chemistry professors C1 and C2 look at me and smile. The math and bio profs don't give a damn and are doing something on their cell phones. Some other prof was sitting in the corner and writing something)C1: Ok now draw the free energy vs reaction coordinates curve.Me: *clumsily starts erasing the board using hands. Then C2 told there was a duster around the corner and to use it.* sir, the free energy..?C1: *repeats* for an exothermic reactionMe: ( well it must be the same as potential energy vs reaction progress graph) *draws this*C2: Are the reactants and products stable?Me: Yes sir but the product is more stable. Hence its exothermic.C1: Yes but your graph doesn't say that.Me: *thinks and has no clue what's wrong *C1: For things to be stable shouldn't its potential energy be at the local minima?Me: Yes *realises and alters the drawing to this*[ In my defense most books including NCERT doesn't have that well in the ends. It was something I learnt during the interview.]C1: Ok now mark the activation energy.Me: *marks everything and explains through graph*C2: What is the EA for backward reaction?Me: *marks*C1: Well tell me, where is the transition state and is it stable?Me: Its at the topmost point and no its not stable ( recalls that intermediate states are the stable states but not transition)C1: Are you sure?Me: Yes sir. It has maximum potential energy and hence its unstable.C1: No there are many degrees of freedom and * talks about stuff I didn't understand. Says something about saddle point*C2: *notices the weird frown I give* they don't have it in their syllabus.Me: (Oh thank god!)C1: Do you have order of reaction in syllabus?Me: yes sir! (Happy because its an easy chapter)C1: What is first order reaction?Me: *answers*C2: What is second order reaction?Me: ( wait! Did I mess up so much that they are asking easy questions now?) *answers*[Now I gather a little confidence and realise 10 minutes are up. (OK ask me questions I”ll answer them!!!)]C1: Ok. You can go now.Me: (No!! Give me more. Let me prove to you that I am worthy to go to iisc. Give another chance. Literally this expression!)*I thank them and leave the room. I come out and I am shocked and disappointed. If I were the interviewer I would hardly give myself 30 marks. I mentally calculate to find that I have very less chance to go to IIsc with such a performance*I come out and my dad just smiles and doesn't ask much. He just says “let's go have lunch”. He might have realised that I messed up.To all who are going to give the interview next…just know that it can go unpredictably good or bad. Just give it and wait for the results. I gave importance mainly to derivations because that's what most of my seniors were asked. But things are never the way you expect them to be!Fingers crossed till the results come.✌peace✌Edit: (20–04–2018)Turns out the interview had not gone as bad as I thought. Might be the interviewers asked relatively difficult problems to test my breaking point. Moreover the aptitude test of 2017 was much more difficult than the previous years.Thank you guys for all the up votes!
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What questions are asked in the ISRO interview for a mechanical engineer?
Result : Selected, All India Rank - 4 (ISRO 2018)I want to give not only a very detailed experience but also some tips from my side. I have tried to write in such a way that you feel as if you are in interview hall. Because of all this you might feel this interview experience is a bit long but it's only for people very serious about ISRO. Going through the full experience will definitely give you a competitive edge. My contact informations including my whatsapp number is given at the end. Feel free to approach me. Now let's begin. It was 17th August 2018, 8:00 am ISRO guest house, Chennai. This year there was no interview center at Bangalore, only Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai and all who had written test centers at Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerela, Andhra Pradesh and maybe Orissa had their interview center at Chennai. I was wearing a white shirt, a black pair of trousers, black belt, black pair of shoes with plain black socks and a plain and sober grey tie. Please put on a tie, this is what candidates don't understand, ISRO is almost like a private firm. Here looks, appearance, proper dressing sense and smartness matters, that is why in interview panel there are members from HR present. Without tie, it is not formal, your top button is not closed and your collars are not properly upright. First 10 minutes are deciding for any interview and for first 10 seconds all they are going to observe is your appearance. Candidates who do not take care of these tiny details will say tomorrow that their luck was bad. Its not about luck, it's about taking care of the tiniest details. My name was first on the list on that day so I signNowed 15 min before the time mentioned in call letter (7:45am).I expected 8:00 to be time for start of verification of documents just like in case of BARC, but ISRO people are not playing around, they do not have classic government job mentality of working 9 to 5 and 5 days a week. So they actually started the interviews 10-15 minutes before 8:00 as few students arrived as early as 7:00 and completed the document verification before me so even though my name was first on the list, 6-7 candidates got interviewed before me (Actually, I liked it... I didn't wanted to be the first but also I didn't wanted to wait for 4-5 hours). So sometime before 10 a.m. I was asked to get into the interview room. Even for me who has already cleared BARC last year, who has already spent days and nights among biggest scientists of this country for the past one year, it was a cereal moment when I slightly opened the door and saw the world on the other side. I got the first glimpse of INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION. That moment I'll never forget for the rest of my life. I know a lot of you folks are confused, if I already was in BARC then why did I go for ISRO? Right? See it has something to do with passion. I know exactly what I want, I know exactly which field of engineering fascinates me. It is aerospace engineering and rocket science. This was never possible in BARC and that is why even after failing twice in ISRO written test(May 2017 & Dec 2017) I went for ICRB exam the third time and this time I made it happen. @ the door Me: May I come in sir? I3: yes please (from now on interviewer 1=I1, interviewer 2=I2 and so on) I went and stood near the only chair on my side. It was a gigantic hall. A completely different setup than BARC interview panel. There was a giant rectangular table between me and all the interviewers, there was atleast 7 feet distance between me and the closest interviewer (12 o'clock),so they had a mic for every person attached to the table. There were around 10 interviewers out of which one was a lady but I think including her, two were from HR, because they were monitoring the way I speak and the way I present. I teach a lot about how to be confident, how to have good speaking skills and body posture on youtube so I had a good idea of how to present myself (so those two were continuously impressed and were smiling). I2: Ashish Ramj... Ranjo... Rajm... Me: Sir, Ashish Ranjan. I2: Ok Ashish, please sit down. I sat down (I had my documents left outside), I only had a pen in my right pant pocket which I had borrowed from a very humble fellow candidate because just in the rarest occasion of you need to wright or sign something you should not be in a position where you do not have a pen. Unfortunately this thought did not came to my mind when I left for interview center but fortunately I found a good person who had an extra pen. I2 : Ok Ashish please introduce yourself. Me : Sir, my full name is Ashish Ranjan (exactly like I introduce myself in my unacademy introduction videos but fortunately I leashed myself from saying the next line I say in my videos, "I cleared BARC 2017....", that would have raised a lot of unnecessary questions and I wanted most of the questions from technical side so that I can show my skills in engineering and not my background because I knew that's what the majority of the marking out of 100 is going to be for) I was born and raised in Ranchi, Jharkhand. From there I did my schooling. In 10th standard I got a CGPA of 9.2 and in 12th I had a percentage of 75.5 percent. Till then I did not had much direction in my life but when I started my btech in Sikkim Manipal Institute of technology something changed. I found engineering very interesting, I started to spend more and more time in learning more about engineering, by the end of 4 years I had a CGPA of 9.57 and a bronze medal from my university (by now they are so interested in my story of how an average student became a topper and so impressed by my high CGPA that it slipped their mind that I hid one very important fact.... I never mentioned which year I passed out or which year I joined b.tech. I was 2016 passout, I didn't wanted to mention that I worked at BARC but then I had a more than 2 years gap and that wouldn't have looked good). Throughout my btech, I never wasted time, I was hungry for knowledge so I utilised all my semester breaks to do internships. By the end of 4 years I had done around 5 internships and also I did classes on some designing softwares.(All along I was making eye contact with each of the interviewer, the "light house effect" and the "spot light effect" which I talk about in my videos, because no interviewer should feel left out, this is something that I learned by giving 8-10 viva sessions in my days at BARC training school. You must understand that interviewers are also humans at the end of the day and wherever there are humans there are emotions and remember this: "humans take decisions emotionally and justify them by logic" so I wanted to make every interviewer feel good because I knew everyone had some percentage of my marks that would get me in. Now I took a look at them and tried to find by their expression if they wanted to know more. Everyone looked interested. I knew if they were bored they would have interrupted me. So I continued with my hobbies) I am also a lot into public speaking so I like to enhance my communication skills and I like to work on it everyday (at this point of time making spotlight eye contact with HR lady. She smiled) and I'm also into sports (making spotlight eye contact with the male HR) like track and field. Male HR: What sports?(with a smile) Me: sir track and field like 100m race, 400m race. He looked at me like he wanted to know more, everyone is looking at me to know more. I knew I had them. Now it's time to play my ace. That's when I dropped the nuke.... Me: I also have been a lot into martial arts. I am a black belt in shotokan karate(with a smile) Done! Now everyone has my attention. Male HR : (smiling) That is great Ashish. Female HR: (smiling) we would have never guessed that. Me : (smiling) I know mam. Remember it is very important to smile. Do not act like a scared student over there, act like a confident and friendly future colleague, because that's who they are looking to hire. I2: Ok Ashish what are your favourite subjects? Me: Sir my favourite subjects are Fluid Mechanics, Strength of Materials, Machine design... also I'm comfortable with Theory of machine and material science....and also heat transfer. (I knew that in ISRO interview there is one member from each subject, even theory of machine, material science and manufacturing. So I wanted to involve as much interviewers as possible.There is a probability that there will be 2 difficult (abstract) question out of 10, 8 questions will be easy textbook type. So if everyone is saying 4 favourite subjects and getting 2 difficult questions, you can say 6 favourite subject and get 3 difficult questions. Probability increased as now there is a higher chance that atleast 1 will be from one of your stronger subjects and you'll be able to answer it and that would definitely impress them. Plus on top of that you are getting double the number of easy questions, so for more number of time you'll be playing on your front foot. If you are not able to answer questions from one subject but show smartness and confidence, other interviewer might think let me test him/her with my subject, maybe he/she is good at that. But all of it will work only if you spent time working on all subject for a month. It is a difficult path but it is the only sure shot path to ISRO and the only way to deal with the uncertainty that is associated with every step of ISRO. What all of these will do definitely is that it will make your interview last longer (my interview lasted for over half an hour, which is very unusual for ISRO as most of the isro interviews go upto maximum of 20 minutes). Now what longer interview does is that it reduces the luck factor as longer you are infront of them more is the chances of you being able to show your skill in engineering. Female HR: (giggling) lot of favourite subjects. Me:(with a smile) I like mechanical engineering. (rehearsed line to show them I am an all-rounder and comfortable with inter-disciplinary tasks which is what all core companies want) Till now everything was rehearsed, I rehearsed that I would say these things 5-10 times infront mirror as I knew these two questions they would definitely ask. I knew from this point onwards rest of the interview is all about engineering skills and improvising, but doing this first step perfectly ensures that now they are looking forward to hire you, now all you have to do is not make a blunder. I2: Ok Ashish, please go to the board. I saw a 6ft. by 4 ft. white board behind me with a chair left of me on which two marker pens and an Eraser/duster was kept. As far as what I remember about the surrounding, the lighting of the room was not very bright, not as bright as it could have been, but above the board there was a white light which was making that area very bright. All this was increasing the feel in me that this is it... I worked for it for one and a half year and now I'm here, I'm in control and time to show them what I've got. I took care of how I stand, made sure that I'm standing up straight... Chest out, back straight but just enough to make it look natural. These are things that I practiced infront of mirror few days before the interview and also something that I've always been attentive about. I2: Draw two vertical lines. I did. I2: draw two horizontal lines in between them. I did I2:make vertical lines as fixed supports.and upper horizontal line is steel, lower horizontal line is aluminium bar. Tell me the stresses in them if temperature is increased from 20 C to 100 C Me: (writing all the information he was giving me on board, I wrote delta T=80 C) Sir due to increase in temperature this bar will try to elongate but the rigid support will not let it so there will be compressive reactions applied by the supports so there will be compressive stress. (while writing on board) sir, thermal stain epsilon =delta T*alpha so thermal stress will be alpha *deltaT*E, E being the Young's modules. I2: so what is the value? Which of them will have higher stress? Me: Sir that depends on the values of Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient. I2: what are the values? Me: sir Young's modulus of Aluminium is 69Gpa( this number was easiest to remember for obvious reasons ;) ) for mild steel it is 200 GPa. I don't remember the exact values of thermal expansion coefficients for these materials but I know that it's of the order of 10^(-6) and for steel it is around 10.I don't remember for aluminium. I2: take it 3 times the thermal coefficient of steel and take Young's modulus of aluminium as 70 and that for steel as 210. Me: Ok sir now we can compare. Let's first find for aluminium. (writing on board and speaking simultaneously) so stress in aluminium is alphaA*80*210=3*alphaS*80*70=16800*alphaS(on the side I did the calculation very quickly, I wrote 21*8 and directly wrote the answer as 16800 within fraction of seconds) I3: Why did you Wright 21?what is 8? Me: Sir 7*3=21. I2: what is 8? Me: sir I have taken 8 from 80....I'm just doing the calculation. I4: Oh.. Final answer likh dia isne. They were surprised that I did this calculation so fast, they forgot that this is nothing compared to the proficiency in hand and mental calculation we need to clear written exam. HR male : (smiling) Ha ha sahi kr raha hai. You continue. Me: so now the stress in steel bar. Stress =alphaS*80*210=16800alphaS I was a little confused seeing that the value is same. Me:Ok sir so what we have is that Young's modulus of steel is three times...(was interrupted) I2:Which one has more stress? Me: Sir, stresses will be equal. I2: OK. (looking at I3, indicating him to ask his question) I3: Ok, do you know what keys are. Me: Sir, keys are mechanical elements used to have constant velocity rati... (my voice fading) {It was a very easy topic for me because it is the second chapter I teach on unacademy in my course of machine design but for some reason I got tongue tied but I pulled my self back, I gave myself time to breathe and think but at the same time made sure that interviewers don't have to wait, so I started to draw a shaft-hub assembly on board} Me:(while drawing) So if I have a shaft and over it we have a hub like a gear or a bearing then if we add a key then both shaft and hub will have same angular velocity, there will be positive drive which means there will be no slip. I3: How do you design a key? Me: A rotating shaft transmits torque to hub through key. Key will have tangential force. So we consider what we call a "sunk key", that means it is inserted within groves in both shaft and hub (drawing and explaining simultaneously) then let us consider a rectangular key of length l, width b and height t(I drew a fresh isometric view of key alone). Now we can design it by both crushing and shearing. So designing it by crushing first, let us say that sigmaC is the crushing strength of the material then crushing area will be this (showing on diagram) i.e. l*t/2. So cruising strength will be sigmaC*l*t/2,this is the maximum tangential load the key can take based on crushing, if we multiply it with radius of shaft, we will get the maximum torque it can take, if we again multiply it with angular velocity we can find out the maximum power it can transmit. {for this 2-3 minutes, I forgot about the rest of the world, I completely got into my teaching mode, nobody questioned anything, they were all just nodding and smiling, it was an easy question but it doesn't matter what the question is, it matters how well you explain it. I've said this before in my BARC preparation videos, these are top scientists of this country you are dealing with, for them everything is easy like ABCD, for them design of key is easy and so is finite element method, so explain any question you get to the fullest} I3:Ok ok(looked very satisfied) {But I didn't stop, I thought let's finish it perfectly, 18 months of preparation, 6 years of struggle, I'm not taking any chances, I'll present my 100%} Me: We can also design it based on shear, so for that the tangential force will be same but shear area now will be(showing it on diagram) b*l, so we have to know the shear strength of the material and we can again find the maximum tangential load and subsequently maximum torque in similar manner. I3:ok ok. I4:have you studied engineering drawing? {this is the thing about ISRO, they can ask questions even from subjects you didn't mention as favourite subject. I mentioned 6 subjects but still they went for 7th. What they didn't knew is that I was prepared for 11 subjects. I had already prepared engineering drawing along with all of production, refrigeration and air conditioning, engineering mechanics and obviously thermodynamics, in the last 2 months. You see the contrast in BARC & ISRO interviews? In BARC you say 5 subjects and you prepare for 4 according to my strategy that I shared on youtube. In ISRO on the other hand, you say 5-6 subjects and prepare for 11-12 subjects.} Me: Yes sir. I4:Why do we need engineering drawing? Me: Whatever a designer designs, engineering drawing is used to convey it to the manufacturer. I4: Suppose you have to produce this glass (there was a glass on my side of the table) how will you do it? What will be the engineering drawing? Show us on board. Me:Sir should I draw the projections? top view, front view etc.? I4: Yes. Me: (Drawing and explaining) I am going to use Indian standard. In India we use 3rd angl..sorry 1st angle projection so I'm going to draw according to it. I4: What? Me: Sir, we use first angle projection in India. Male HR: Is it so? (with a big smile on his face) Me: Yes sir, Indian companies use first angle projection and American companies use third angle projection. (they looked satisfied so I turned back to the board and continued drawing and explaining) So according to first angle projection, top view will be below front view and right view will be on left hand side of front view. So the front view will be like this (drawing a rectangular shape with its lower edge touching the horizontal plane. I also drew the hidden lines to show that glass has some thickness and that it is a hollow cylinder, drew projection lines towards left hand side plane to draw right view but stopped knowing that it will be same as front view and I didn't want to waste their time as I knew what they wanted to see are the front view and top view) Some Interviewer from back: It would be same right? (talking about the right view) Me: (without turning) yes sir.(continued drawing, drew two concentric circles using projections of front view and stopped). I4: So how will you show concentricity? Me: Like this sir(I drew two mutually perpendicular center lines, those with alternate long and short lines) I5: So how will you show a concentricity tolerance of let us say //some value I do not remember // microns? Me: (thinking for a second) sir it looks like this (drew two small concentric circles. 2 years ago when I was an intern at TATA Cummins, my guide forced me to go through geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, but it was impossible to remember all that now) I do not remember completely, I studied this a long time ago in Geometric dimensioning and Tolerancing (I later found out that the symbol I drew was actually correct, its just that it was a bit incomplete) I4:Ok ok(looked satisfied) {Till now it was perfect and I knew that if you are giving perfect answers to normal questions, they are going to get into more advanced and abstract questions because now they would like to push your limits. Honestly the easy questions lasted longer than I expected. By now I knew I had done more than enough to get in, the interview is over, I am selected, if they continue, it will be only be because they want to have a little fun} I1:You said material science right? Me: Yes sir. I1: In what way do we classify materials? Me: (A little confused about where to start? as this question has infinite number of answers) Sir, we can classify materials as ductile and brittle. I1: and? Me: (Thinking for a second or two) and we also classify it as isotropic and orthotropic. I1: and? Me: There are lot of ways to classify Materia... I1: have you heard of metallic and non metallic materials? Me: yes sir, metallic materials have free electrons in it where as non metallic materials has no free electrons. I1: Can you give me some examples of both? Me: Sir examples of non-metallic materials are plastic, polymers, ceramics. I1: and non metallic? Me: Steel, copper, aluminium etc. (such a silly question, I think by the end of me answering, he also realised it 7 so he said along with me) I1: Cooper, steel etc right? Me: yes sir, copper steel, aluminium etc. I1: can you draw the stress strain curve of mild steel, cast iron and aluminium? Me: yes sir. (turning towards the board and going to the left most part of it) so first I'll draw for mild steel. I1: No no.. In same graph. Me: ok sir (drew x and y axis at center of the board) on x axis we will have stress...Engineering stress (I didn't wanted to play that game of I'll say stress then you'll ask which stress then I'll say engineering stress then you'll ask what is other kind, what is it.... And so on... Because this interview had already gone way longer than I expected. At that point I just wanted to show all the excellence I have. By directly writing engineering stress, I had answered all those 6-8 questions perfectly in fraction of a second in their head, thus my impression improved and their time saved. It's a win win trick you play only when you know you are already on positive side because now they are confident about your skill in engineering, now they won't even ask... They'll just assume that you know it. That is the difference between 9/10 and 10/10. If you are 9/10 people will think there's something else you might not know and if you are 10/10 people will think you know everything. So I continued drawing, without wasting any time I drew three curves. I1: Now where will concrete lie? Me: (I drew a line near cast iron but with a larger slope) I1: will it be stronger than cast iron? Me : No sir, it will depend on young's modulus. Slope of this line is young's modulus. I1: so is it stronger than cast iron? Me: No sir(drawing a line with lesser slope) all I am saying is that concrete is brittle so it will have similar curve... There will be no yielding. I1: So where will it lie? Me: Sir it depends on young's modulus of concrete,I don't remember the value. I1: OK. I6: you said heat transfer right? Me: yes sir. I6: draw a pipe? Me: (drew two parallel lines) I6: no the other side. Me: front view? I6: yes. Me: (drew two concentric circles) I6: there is hot fluid passing. Tell me the modes of heat transfer. Me: convection-conduction-convection. I6: Now put an insulation. Me: (I did) I6: Now tell me the modes of heat transfer. Me: convection-conduction-conduction-convection I6: Now remove the insulation. Now this pipe is buried underground. Soil is maintained at 25 C. Tell me the modes of heat transfer. Me: convection-conduction-conduction I6: No, that pipe wall is maintained at 75 C. Me: There will be conduction taking place as soil is solid. There is no chance of convection. Since the temperature difference is large there might be considerable radiation. (this was an abstract question, these questions have no answers, you have to show your thinking capacity here, that's it) I7: Ok coming to fluid mechanics. (At this time I was surprised by the time they are investing on me) Me: yes sir. I7: have you seen air balloon? Why does it fly? Me: it is because of the buoyancy effect. The weight of the air it displaces is more than the its own weight. I7: So it will keep on going up into the outer space? ( A long time ago I had heard this question when I was still undergraduate, I knew it will stop at a particular height but never gave it a thought on why it will stop) Me: No sir it will stop at a particular height (with full confidence... hoping he doesn't ask why) I7: Why? Me:(thinking for a second, pretending that I'm gathering my words) Sir as we keep on going to higher altitudes the air becomes thinner and thus we have lower density, thus at some point weight of fluid displaced will equate to weight of balloon and it stops. I7: so have you seen that we use heat source placed at the bottom of balloon? Me: yes sir. I7: Why do we use it? Me: To heat the air. Hotter air will have lesser density. I7: That hole is made very small. Why? Why can't we have a larger hole? Me: Sir, so that we don't have to heat a lot lot of air. I7: No we are heating the same amount of air anyways. Me: (paused for few seconds, thinking) Sir I'll have to think about it. I7: Why can't we have it like a parachute? Me: (thinking) I7: why cant we have a big hole? Me: (Drew a semi sphere, convex upwards) like this? I7: Yes, exactly. Me: (Thinking. Somehow I knew I was taking more time than what they have, but they were unexpectedly giving me time to think and kept giving me hints, this was because of the strong base I created and also they were considerate about the fact that I have been standing and explaining for the last 30-40 minutes, I must have gotten tired) It will be difficult to manufacture (just didn't wanted to be dumb so I said something. This is very important, if I stood dumb for 10 more seconds, interview would have ended right there and what's worse? It would have ended at a bad note. So I said something so that they might think that I am trying) I7: We don't care about manufacturing cost. Have you studied about stability of a body? {Now that's all I needed} Me: Yes sir, ok I get it. For stability of submerged body of center of buoyancy should be above center of gravity of the body. I7:why? Me: If we tilt the body in any direction, there will be a restoring couple (showed it with diagram). So this principle is used here. I7:How? Me: Making a spherical shape must ensure the balloon to have G below B. I7:(looking for more) Me:(thinking for a second and then I finally got it, I got the answer. A submerged body can only be unstable if it has a differential density. What a smaller fire hole does is that it decreases the region directly in contact with the fire, i.e. it reduces the volume with sudden drop of density. Thus it helps in maintaining a relatively more uniform density so that the balloon remains stable in case of winds and bad weather. All these were running in my head. I forgot that I was in interview room, I just found the question amazing and was thrilled that I was able to get to the answer. That's when I exclaimed at a voice louder than any they had heard by me in the last 45 min...It was like a 'Eureka!' ) YES (took the marker pen and turned to the board) If I have balloon in the shape of a sphere (Drew a strong circle quickly, as soon as I did this, they knew that I've got it) I7: Ok Ashish you can go. Me:(nodded, kept the pen on chair) thankyou everyone (I exited from the door) I checked the time, it was way past 10:30. A guy (another candidate) followed me, he asked "what are they asking?" I said it all depends on your subjects. He said "your interview lasted very long". I asked, "how long?". "much more than half an hour" he said. I replied "it didn't feel like it, I have to go upstairs to return this pen". I returned the pen and went out thinking time to get some highlights in my hair. The interview lasted crazy long when compared to how long ISRO interviews usually last (10-20 minutes). I didn't see time before getting in but with my experience in previous interviews and taking a look at how much time they spent only on introduction and then the fact that they asked questions from SIX subjects that too lengthy ones, I think it was easily close to an hour. I was very confident I'm getting selected just like the day I was when BARC 2017 interview was over. One thing I'm sure of is that you cannot fool yourself, after the interview you either know you got selected or you know you didn't. There's nothing in between and that day I knew that I did it. Being in BARC for 1 year made me realise one thing... that I'm not a scientist.... I do not shine the brightest when it comes to Engineering. Where I excel is in making a full proof strategy for beating one of the most difficult competitions. That's how I cracked BARC and that's how I cracked ISRO and I want the world to know that anyone can do it if they have a proper strategy, dedication and a little bit of craziness. If you went through my full interview experience then obviously you are very serious about this job. Find more of my guidance videos on my Youtube channel : Torq4712 Feel free to approach me at : Instagram, twitter, unacademy at : ashish_torq Gmail: torque4712@gmail.com Whatsapp: 7042830765 (please don't call without messaging first) All I want to do is help my juniors. I want to bring the most authentic knowledge to all interested aspirants for free. This path is tough and I appreciate everyone who has the courage to travel it. All the best.
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What should I expect at the ISRO interview for the post of Scientist/Engineer SC (Mechanical)?
My Interview for ISRO held at NRSC, Hyderabad on 13-Dec-2016. I was asked to report at 8 a.m. morning and my interview begin at around 12 noon. It went for about 25 min and panel members were throwing questions. There were 7 members in panels including one at center (probably director) and 5 out of 7 asked me question and 2 did’nt. The interview was not that much stressful and also not that much supportive.I entered the room and wished Good morning to all the members.Director: You are passed out in 2016 from B.C.E.T Gurdaspur.Me: Yes sirDirector: where is this college?Me: Punjab, Near Pathankot.Director: Is it a government college or private college?Me: Govt. college…. Punjab Govt.Director: What are you doing then after graduating?Me: Pursuing M.Tech from IIT Bombay.Director: Which stream?Me: Aerospace Propulsion.Director: Okay we will ask you about your B.Tech first and then come to your M.Tech later.Me: Okay sir.Director: So you have done two projects in your B.tech.Me: one project I did as an academic project at my college and other I did at DRDL, Hyderabad when I was a Trainee there.Director: First tell me about your Project at DRDL.ME: This project ‘Experimental simulation of flame holding in air-breathing engines’ was particularly to simulate the combustion within the air-breathing engines particularly ramjets and to study about various kind of flames around us, there mechanism of formation, lifting criteria, blow off, flash back. Further CFD analysis was done so as to compare with the experimental results for the simulation.Director: So you did CFD analysis.Me: yes sirDirector: This project is computational or experimental.Me: BothDirector: ok, then which solver you used for the CFD analysis.Me: FluentDirector: How you did it. Please explain on board.I the draw the complete domain and the I draw the flame holder and told him about cavity and mesh generation and the told him about the Boundary conditions at inlet and exit and the told him about the materials used.Director: you did it assuming laminar or turbulent flow?Me: laminar flow using k-e model.Director: How?Me: Sorry sir, Turbulent flow using k-e model.Director: You should tell this clearly. Is this reacting or non-reacting flow?Me: Non-reacting. simple air is considered.Flow past the flame holder.Director: Now draw the velocity profile after the v-gutter and above the mean line.I was trying but I was unable to draw and I told him about the velocity-vector in the re-circulation zone.Director : That is ok but you have not drawn the velocity profile yet.Me: That I don’t know.Director: Okay then.Another panel member started to ask me the question.Member 1 : what was your other project?Me: Paddy Grains threshing machine.Then I draw the complete mechanism on the board.Member 2 : Did it worked?Me: Yes we fabricated it.Member 2: What were the design parameters?Me: I designed it considering the bending strength of the shaft.Member 2 gave me a case that if certain amount of force is applied to the pedal then how much will signNow to thresh the paddy. I gave him the complete explanation that how to do it and was satisfied with my answer.Member 3 : If I consider the pedal as a beam can you draw the FBD.I tried it assuming the beam but when I fixed the both ends, he said it is wrong.Member 3 : How can you assume both the end of pedal to be fixed. Its wrong.Member 4: What do you know about air-breathing engines?Me: Those engines which takes the air from atmosphere for combustion are air-breathing engines.Member 4 : ISRO did some recent activity on air-breathing engines. Do you know?Me: Yes sir, they tested a scramjet at speed of Mach 6.Member 4 : what is the difference between Ramjet and a scramjet engine?Me: In Ramjet, the air is diffused to subsonic speed before entering the combustion chamber and then further expanded through nozzle while in scramjet the air remains supersonic throughout.Member 4: Which fuel is used?Me: Hydrocarbon fuel and Hydrogen fuel both can be used.Member 4: Which is better ? Hydrogen or Kerosene.Me: Hydrogen, because it has more specific impulse.Member 4 : Why hydrogen has more specific impulse?Me: Because the atomization and mixing in air stream is much faster for H2 rather than kerosene.Director: The answer that is correct but since you are doing M.Tech we were expecting something more from you. You must have done a course on Propulsion in 1st semester.Me: yesDirector: Then you should know.Member 4 : What is problem with hydrogen? Do you know?Me: we need to liquefy it to store other wise it will take huge volume.Member 4 : What is the temperature to liquefy hydrogen?Me: That is something…….Then Member 4 mummer something with director and they started laughing.Member 4 : Do you know how the combustion happens in the scramjet?I started it by drawing the intake of scramjet and told them that there is an oblique shock due to which the flow turns by some amount without being slowed down. Member 4 pointed out the mistake that the tip or the cowl can be rounded in scramjet and started laughing. I corrected it.Member 5 : You have done some course on CNC Machines.Me: Yes what sir?Member 5 : Have you done that course or not or some one else has done?Me: Yes Sir.Member 5 : How many axes are there in the machine?Me: There are machine with 4-axes, 5-axes, 6-axes.Member 5: On which you worked how many were there?Me: 4-axesMember 5 : Single point cutting tool moves in which direction? Horizontal or vertical.I tried to explain all the axes by drawing on the board.Member 5: No need to draw just give me verbal answer.Me: X-directionMember 5 : ‘X’ okay.Director: Okay now come to flame holder and if this is used in scramjet then what will happen.Me: Since the flow in the scramjet will supersonic throughout thus there will be some detached oblique shocks ahead of v-gutter and characteristics of this oblique shock can be found out using theta-beta curve.Director: Okay thankyouI hope this will help you for your preparation.
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You wake up in the middle of the Fallout 4 wasteland with just the clothes you're wearing and nothing else. What do you do?
Hopefully, I’m in Sanctuary. If not, I’m fucking boned. Let’s assume that I am, though, for the sake of the answer.So, I start in Sanctuary. I pick up all food and water I can (which isn’t actually very much) and follow the river to the east. There’s a 0.44 pistol and about 3 bullets there; useful in an emergency. If I’m not mistaken, there’s also some food, water, and extra clothes in a briefcase nearby. So dark, looking good.Next, I return to Sanctuary and follow the road to the south, leading to the Red Rocket Truck Stop. Here, I encounter Dogmeat, an extremely useful companion for my later escapades. Along with this, though, I find a bunch of scrap, a stimpak, and two (i think) purified water. I find the workshop there, and use the scrap there to build a ramshackle base. I’ll be returning here often. Since I’ll be hoping to have looted Vault 111, I use my Pip-Boy to mark the location on my mouth.Next, I continue to follow the road until I notice Drumlin Diner, and the conflict resulting there. I side with Wolfgang, but allow them to do all the shooting. Then, I loot the place without stealing to avoid conflict, and take Trudy and Patrick’s Pipe Pistols, which will prove useful. I now have three guns (the 10mm from Vault 111, the 0.44 from the river escapade, and the Pipe Pistol. I have one since I only take the ammo from the second). Even if didn’t comb through Vault 111, I still have two useful guns. Since I have no bottle caps, I leave the Diner.I go back to the main road cutting through the Red Rocket to recuperate. Dogmeat and I are fine, so we continue onward. Following the road, we enter Concord, and meet Preston Garvey in a dire conflict with Raiders. I hide behind cover and let Dogmeat and Preston handle things; I’m in a t-shirt and jeans, so one bullet will put me in a rough spot, even with my Stimpak. Once that’s done, I probably won’t be helping Preston. I grab the laser musket and leave.Not knowing where to go (you don’t get the quest to go to Diamon City unless you help Preston and the others), I follow the road out of Concord afternoon combing through the city for all resources. With these, I return to Red Rocket to modify my weapons, but I can’t with what I have now. I can, though, make a bed and get some rest. About time; I haven’t gotten any since the Vault.Eventually, I’ll get a radio signal on my Pip-Boy: Military Frequency AF95. Sound like people are in trouble at the Cambridge Police Station. I’ll help them, but mostly to try to get access to the resources there. When I get there, I have to let Paladin Danse do most of the shooting; I ave a raider Armor now, but I’ll still probably get sick if I get hit by these Ferals. After thoroughly looting the area, I help Paladin Danse and join the Brotherhood; seems like quite a lot of firepower.I’ll then make my way over the bridge and into Diamon City. Whew. I’ll need to buy Purified Water and food, along with better Armor and more Ammo. From here, I finish the main story as normal. Who wouldn’t want a chance to save the Commonwealth?Keep on thinking,Joseph
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What are tell-tale signs you are an INFP?
Thanks for the A2A. Now, I want to make one thing sure - I am talking about INFP, with a capital P (Fi Ne Si Te). INFp with lowercase P is a Socionics thing and it’s the equivalent of MBTI’s INFJ (Ni Fe Se Ti). So, unless you meant Socionics all along - in which case you’re better off asking about INFJs, here’s your answer.ChildhoodYou’re likely to be bullied or a loner. I wish I had been a loner, I just went out there oblivious of how different I was and they bullied me all the way to the University.You’re a weird, weird child. When other kids have pretty simple ideas of the games they want to play, you have all these outrageous ideas.When it comes to rule-breaking, you’re not likely to be one to try and play with fire (literally - I mean, all kids try to start a random fire, bake some walnuts in shells for no apparent reason, right?)You would roleplay ANYTHING. And it would make sense…to you. Every single thing has a personality and every single thing is sentient. In my fictional worlds, towns were playing tennis, street signs were dating, light bulb slots in the corridor wore suits, trees lived in an alternate reality with construction cranes, characters from children’s books would come and join me for a picnic. And this will, to a certain extent, stay with you. In the words of the celebrated Serbian poetess Desanka Maksimović: “Boy, I confess to you that in this world, there are no things dead or mute / Pebbles walk and the grass sings”.When watching cartoons and reading kids’ books, you have trouble identifying with classic manly man heroes and classic girly girl princesses. You’re more likely to find comfort in those like you - and they may be the jocks of the group, the dirty and bohemian ones who dance to the beat of their own drum, or those who are just plain odd. And more often than not, those characters are extremely polite and friendly, they rarely ever tease others. My top #1 cartoon character of all time was and still is Teebo, from Star Wars: Ewoks - a gentle creature that happens to have some wizard powers. There was also Trampy from The Shoe People - a dirty vagabond type who never cleans his house, but a ballet shoe is fond of him, children and animals adore him. And of course, the ultimate good guy of European cartoons - Alfred J. Kwak.You have trouble understanding that the things under the two above points are not real. How do you mean we’re not going to Endor RIGHT NOW?You are not attracted to villains. You are scared of them and you don’t understand them.You might start off as an extreme people pleaser: dedicate way too much time to your homework, accept a bunch of paths that are clearly not for you (but OMG, they’re new and mysterious things)The School Years and AdolescenceYou are more likely to be the type who learns things in class than in home. Your modus operandi is about learning by doing. And cramming stuff into your head at home is only fun if you can organise it somehow. You know, your Ne and your Te can only work together that way.You can slowly start to become disappointed. All those ideals you learned about in the books and children’s shows, not many kids believe in it. Why do they lie? Why do they hurt others? Why do they skip classes when there is somebody like you, the person who can negotiate with the teachers on everybody else’s behalf and delay the test?If you’re highly intelligent, you are in the danger of becoming the class’ go-to person for homework - even when it comes to the subjects you’re bad at, the one who writes other people’s essays and tests. I was the best in class in creative writing, second best in English, among the best in Latin.You might be isolated - people will want to use you, but not hang out with the weird one. This is where INFPs whose interests and values are more common have advantage, as well as those who are plain heterosexual, given our ever-present quest for all kinds of love.You will have some extremely common interests (mine was Formula One and to this day, I have no idea why!), but also a bunch of strange ones. The common ones will likely be the result of wanting to be accepted and seen as more “normal”, the uncommon ones…well, just don’t allow yourself to suffocate and drown them. You might be finding it hard to talk about what you really like.You might create a whole new, acceptable you and force it so much that you will end up believing that this imaginary character is who you really are. The new you might be prone to doing stupid things. You’re hereby suffocating your tertiary function, which is otherwise that good-hearted, white-haired elder who helps you remember who you are.Your friends, if you have any, could be people who see you as disposable, as the weird one that they hang out with in order to be perceived as cool. More often than not, you will find yourself hanging out with people who don’t get you. But you don’t get yourself either, you’re very young…and you might think that the only way to be appreciated by the others is to change. See the above point.If you are the kind who cares about what they wear, you’ll likely stand out in some way, because you either don’t understand what’s normal to wear, you wear outdated stuff, you wear what some fictional character or your “better self” would and such. Sometimes you might be pushing the norms for reasons other than being sexy, cool, noticed or whatever. If you don’t care, then you look like a fifty-year-old at fifteen.Around this time, you will likely come across your first MBTI test and when you get the result, you will be told that “most people who get that one are liars…you know, those trying to be fake moralists”. That’s what they told me. And then the first character people come up with as a representation of who you really are is Ralph Wiggum of The Simpsons and you’re like “Hey, I’m not THAT crazy! I do think my childhood toys are living things, but I don’t need adult diapers!”Beyond the youthIf you manage to get higher education, you’re one brave, brave person and I congratulate you. You, at some point, learned to study the way other people do and you rock. If you manage to actually find a 9–5 job, you’re probably doing it to please others or you’re one of those non-creative INFPs - yes, they’re a thing.You’re likely to have at least one interest that people disregard as hodgepodge - conspiracy theories, horoscope, pseudoscience or, ironically enough, MBTI. I know INFPs who go far beyond what I consider rational, but then I remember that I sort of think that the Supermoon resulted in my personal transformation and that I definitely think that we can communicate with people in some form of semi-reality.You don’t like conflicts. You are scared of conflicts. And what you would label a conflict can often be what other people see as banter. You need to spend your whole life learning to figure out what conflicts really are and how to handle them.You can put up with a lot of it. But once you’ve exploded - beware, everybody, here comes the suicide dive bomber type.People might call you “passive aggressive”. You are just saying things the way they are, but the way you won’t hurt somebody. And…that doesn’t go well, you see.You have a thing for burning bridges, feeling betrayed. In most cases, you’re right, but people tell you that there are other ways of working on this and that there are win-win solutions. But you hate conflicts.You are not good with casual friendships, small talk, saying hi to people every now and then. You want things that have substance to them, you want to be around people you can learn something from, people who can learn something from you, those who take you seriously. Know that REM song, “The One I Love”? Well, you don’t need a “simple prop to occupy your time” and you don’t want to be a simple prop to occupy somebody else’s time.You have a thing for working against your own gain, because the way you would gain something is against your values. I worked on a project that more or less involved exploitation of teenagers as YouTube stars earlier this year, I don’t know how I got into that sort of torture, and it drained me to the point where I shut down mentally for a couple of months.You make lists because making lists is FUN. Now, if the list is a to-do list, you’re not likely to complete the tasks in the given time, because some random article on the internet just needs to be read, you need to write that poem you had an idea for in your sleep and yadda yadda.Unless your values are all about living in the 1950s, you are very likely to disregard marriage as an institution (not as a thing of love, though), anything that puts people in the boxes of gender binary as it is, anything that requires people of specific sexuality to be like this or that. You think that the labels are complicated, but the only reason you would embrace them is to understand yourself better and show the others that they’re not alone.At your worst, you could strike people as the person who doesn’t do anything the way they’re expected to. They might say that you say no to everything. Even other INFPs may shun you…and that’s big.Too many ideas, too many ideas, too many ideas. And if you’re the kind that can at least start working on them, great. If you’re the kind who wants others to start working on your ideas, you might be annoying.You’re a good listener. The problem is, you might expect the others to be good listeners to, and sometimes they aren’t.You may forget what you need to do today, but you perfectly remember where an orange trash bin was in 1990. And you are sentimental if you ever seen it again. Hello, orange trash bin, we meet again, after having been apart for so long, you’re beautiful.Schedules, they’re fascinating. You admire people for having them, but they scare you shitless and you can’t possibly have one. You might refer to them as “the S word”.You still have some pretty strange interests. The moment they end up the focus of your artwork, people might say that you are doing the same thing all over again. But nah, you are doing a couple such things all over again. And then you find even more things to do all over and over again, suck everything out of them, immerse yourself in them, become them.You can’t and won’t let go. If you’ve burnt a bridge, you hold a grudge. But at the same time, you will find yourself confiding to somebody special (parent, close friend) about that burnt bridge and try to see the situation from multiple points of a view. I broke up with a close friend in July, but I really love her and I’m worried about her, you see.Your language of love is all five of them. Why limit yourself to one thing? Chances are that you’re Amélie Poulain and Abel Magwitch’s love child, so you will also drop all these hints, say all these things intended at somebody specific (and you can screw up there bigtime and freak them out), care more than you’re showing and get into these endless games of loves me, loves me not. And that applies to all kinds of love - not just romantic love.That said, if you really are into somebody a lot, that’s forever. It could be happening in reality (oh, boy, scary word again!), it could be happening in your head (but it’s as good as the real thing, or better), but it’s forever.You like rules if they fit with your morals. Otherwise…rules are evil, rules are exploitation, rules kill your identity.The type you’re least likely to get along with is an ESTP. Expect conflicts. Don’t allow them to manipulate you and play their hot and cold game.The more interests you have, the more likely you’ll be easily distracted.You need to constantly improve. Stagnation makes you depressed. Or, well, if you’re experiencing stagnation, you are depressed.You can get stuck in the rut, feel intense guilt for a long time and be a lot like the lead character from Anton Chekhov’s short story “Government Clerk’s Death”.Harmony is your mail goal, but you may not be able to achieve it without your breaking bridges, avoiding conflicts, reinventions.PhysicallyYou’re likely to have an inexpressive face as your default. You look like you’re not really there. You stare into the void. If you have to adopt an expression for the sake of your job - e.g. if you’re a businessperson or somebody famous, it might be something extremely cheesy or goofy.Your face could be very calm, but your body is fidgety. Or the other way round - you’re a mannequin with its head spinning around. The thing is, you’re probably thinking about something that makes you look dramatic. And your physical and mental sides have always been in one conflict or another.You could be stimming, regardless of where you are in terms of neurodiversity. I’m neurotypical and I twirl my hair, do these things with my fingers. Because the reality of everything is…scary, exciting, weird, and I have so, so, so many things to think about, gaaah!The only time you’ll totally shut off is when you’re surrounded by people you don’t like. You might just…drown, sleep, be completely checked out of reality as it is.If you do sports, they will be those with no clear schedule, those where you can enjoy the world around you and not be in the same place all the time. Chances are it’s cycling, running, swimming - something that can be exciting all over again.If you like food, you also cook - to make others happy.If you have an addiction, it can range from banal stuff (e.g. drinking lots of water as some sort of a tic, a thing of habit) to dangerous stuff. The earlier is a way to be less neurotic, the latter is a system of shutting everything out and trying to learn that mysterious art of concentration. And yeah, because everything is so sad, even when it’s obviously great.That said, you cannot concentrate by default, because everything is so exciting. You might go to great lengths to learn how to, especially if your lack of concentration screws up your job, your interpersonal relationships and so.You might be prone to random household accidents. Ask me about the time I left a metal pot lid on the stove top and it ended up looking like a horseshoe in the middle of its making process.You grow through sad things. They are beautiful because they are sad. But you’re happy-sad.And I totally love you for having given me a chance to let this all out.
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How was your recent IIM interview experience (2017-19)?
WARNING: Long answerCommon Admission Process - 9 IIMs, 2017Date: 20 Feb 2017Time: 8:30 AMVenue: IIM Trichy, Chennai CentreBackground: Chemical Engineer from BITS. 2.5 years work ex in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. CAT percentile - 98 | 10/12/Grad - 89/ 89/ 71First day, first slot of Common Admission Process of 9 IIMs. So, I didn’t have any pre-conceived notions about interviewers/ panel/ process etc. Later it turned out, I was the first candidate in my panel too.signNowed the centre at 8:00 AM. We were directed to sit in a classroom which was the waiting room for candidates. The centre was very neat and clean, with huge classrooms, which were well-lighted and carpeted. Also, it was my first visit to an IIM classroom. Infra - Thumbs up! (Not much to worry on this front if you are joining a new IIM, since by now most IIMs have their infra up and running.After a little wait, an administrative officer directed us to move to another room for WAT.We were asked to take out our interview form (previously submitted online) and submit it. An attendance sheet was passed for signature and candidates were asked to note their panel numbers and sequence and denote the panel number on the top right corner of the form. On checking, I saw that I was first in my panel. First day, First slot, First candidate! What are the chances?I was little relieved as being the first candidate is always good - No prior benchmarks for the panel ;-) and my process would be over quick and I could go to office (Had already taken 2 leaves in the previous week for IIFT and SPJIMR interviews ) :-DWATWAT evaluation sheets were passed and WAT Topic was announced. We were given 15 minutes to gather our thoughts and write. The topic for our slot was - The Delhi high court judgement on copyright infringement controversy between publishing companies and the photocopy shop in a certain university.The topic was careful not to mention names of any stakeholders, however I remembered this case distinctly - I read Hindu every single day from May 2016 till the date of interview. I wrote my WAT from a stakeholder analysis point of view but fell short of time towards the end and concluded concisely. This could have been better, had I managed my time better. During submission I glanced at the sheets of other candidates and people had filled both side of the sheets completely. I wrote a page and a half keeping the word limit in mind. I quickly counted words in a random line and the number of lines - it came out to be 290 words (limit was 300). I felt I did above average in this round.Then we were told that snacks and tea are arranged and candidates can refresh and get ready for the next round - PI. I had tea and couple of biscuits and met some people I knew from previous interviews. We discussed the Infosys CXOs wages controversy as we were expecting questions over it in PI. (You will meet many people again and again in different interviews, because people have similar calls at similar marks) We returned back to the waiting room and I was waiting for my name to be called.PIMy name was called and I kept my phone in my bag (we were told that phones cannot be carried inside interview room even in switched off condition) and took out my file and went in.I entered the room and there were 3 panelists.Left - Lady, probably in her early 30s (Mostly a prof.) (L)Centre - Gentleman, mid-30s (Prof or Alumni) (C)Right - Gentleman, late 40s or 50s (Senior Prof) (R)The room arrangement was as below.I entered and wished the panel Good Morning and stood next to the chair.L - Please have a seat.Me - Thank you, ma’am.C - How are you Nikhil?Me - Nerves took over … Trying to get the words out ….. (I stammer when I get nervous)C - I asked how are you Nikhil.Me - Finally the words come out …. I’m good sir, a little nervous to be honest. (With a smile throughout)All interviewers smiled too. (As they say a smile goes long way and it never hurts to smile; and the first 30 seconds are very important to set the course of the interview)Also, hint:- A very cordial panel. (Yay!)L - Are you a resident of Chennai?Me - Ma’am, I have been working here for the past 2.5 years. I’m a permanent resident of Uttar Pradesh.L - Okay.C was going through my form when I was entering the room.C - Nikhil, your graduation marks paint a very interesting picture. What happened in the first two years? ( My yearly GPAs are 6, 6.55, 7.89 and 8.15)Me - (I was expecting this question and had tried to come up with all sorts of excuses during my preparation, but was never convinced myself)… Sir, I come from a family where all the emphasis was laid on academics and I never really had a chance to explore any other arena such as sports, extra-curricular etc. After I came to college I had this new found freedom. I got into sports, club activities etc. Honestly, I missed some classes too. Soon I realised that this is not the reason I am here and my core chemical engineering courses are pending so not much is lost. I started to focus on academics and improved a lot. At a point, I was top 5 in some chemical courses in my class.Contd. .. They were listening patiently … Sir, it’s a mistake I regret till date but I learnt the hard way and will never repeat it in my life. BITS has zero attendance system and trusts students to make their decisions. I’m glad that I learnt this lesson on my own rather than a college rule of minimum attendance.L - But the 9 IIMs you are interviewing for, all have rules for attendance. How will you manage?Me - Ma’am, I prepared for JEE in 11th and 12th standards with normal schooling. I used to attend a full day of school, then go for 4 hours of coaching classes on alternate days, study till 1 or 2 am and then attend school at 7 in the morning each day. If I join any of the new IIMs, I will definitely be able to put that amount of effort again.L looked convinced because she did not question back.C - Looking in to the form… So, you are working in a Pharmaceutical company?Me - Yes, sir.C - What do you do in your role?Me - I told my portfolios and what I do on a day-to-day basis.C - So, you said statistical process control. Are you six sigma trained?Me - No sir.R - (All the while he was quiet and observing me. I made eye contact with him once or twice till then.) What is a process?Me - Gave a crude definition … in terms of input (material, conditions, people, energy) and output (product, different form of energy, service)R - What is statistical process control?Me - I had prepared this … I explained in lay man terms.R - Okay. What kind of tools do you use in Statistical Process Control?Me - I told statistical tools with some examples and their use.C - Explain control charts.Me - I gave examples of p, np charts and their use in the parameters monitored.C - What other type of charts are there?Me - Sir, we use only these two charts so far as the project is still in implementation phase. Based on my research I know of R-chart as well but have never used it.C - Explain R-chart.Me - Sorry sir, I don’t know.C - If you don’t know then do you think you will be able to implement this project?Me - Sir, my role in the project is similar to that of a project manager. I’ll put together a team of experts from each departments such as Production, Quality Assurance, Engineering, Quality Control etc. This team will also include personnel from Operational Excellence who are statisticians and more well versed with statistics.C - But don’t you think you should know? (contd from previous question)Me - Sir, I completely agree with you. I’ll learn more and more as we go deeper in this project.C -Okay. Do these people report to you?Me - No sir, these are people with 10–15 years of experience. I am too junior to have them report to me.C - Okay. What is the one challenge which you face while working in such a team?Me - I was not expecting a behavioural question at this point … thought for 5 seconds .. Sir, the people I work with do not report to me and are senior to me. It is a challenge to extract work out of individuals who do not report to me. It is very important to understand their behaviours and working styles and mould myself according to that to accomplish the task at hand.C - Okay, good.L - Tell us more about the program you have undergone? (I was part of a rotational training program at my organisation)Me - Explained the program structure… rotations to different functions.. how it helped me gain maximum exposure in a short period.L - Nikhil, your work seems interesting. You underwent a program similar to young leaders program at other organisations. Why leave now? (In short - Why MBA?)Me - Ma’am, everything indeed has been great, however my exposure is limited to pharmaceutical manufacturing and is very technical in nature. I am seldom able to relate my work directly to the bigger picture. I believe an MBA will give equip me with the right business skills and I’ll be able to approach my work with a more holistic view. Also, after my MBA I wish to take up a larger role in this field in order to have more impact.L - Okay.L - What has been your biggest failure in life?Me - Told about how I am blessed with a stammering problem and was rejected in the SSB for NDA - Indian Air Force, Flying entry, which was my dream job. I think I got a little teary eyed here.R - Jumps in with academic related questions as soon as I finish, maybe to throw me off. So Nikhil, what is a function?Me - I answered in terms of input and output.R - What is a set?Me - Startled … Managed to say - Sir, set is a collection of elements, which may or may not have a relationship with each other. (I was startled not only because I never expected a basic question but also because I did not remember the exact definition for such a “basic question”.)R - Okay. Then define a function in terms of sets.Me - I talked about, domain, co-domain and range and cited an example of how these work in a function using square root function.L - Nikhil, what are the two learnings out of your 2.5 years of career so far?Me - Talked about how working closely with senior leaders in the organisation has helped me develop my skills and humility from experts who have a lot of experience and yet, are so humble and always mentor me - being new.L - Okay. What about your extra-curricular activities? What did you do in school and college?Me - Told about my extra curricular activities.L - So you took part in any competitions, won anything?Me - Yes, ma’am … I tried to show the certificates…L - Just tell us in brief.Me - Told.R - You also mentioned that you were the school captain (head boy). What were your responsibilities as the school captain? What challenges you faced?Me - I told the responsibilities of a head boy - commanding morning assembly, ensuring conduction of morning assembly - just check if the students who were presenting matters were ready or not.R - In your answer you used a word “just”. When you say “just” it does not mean it’s a challenge. Did you face any real challenge?Me - (I was cursing myself for using the word) Okay sir …. thought a bit …. Sir, on annual school day and sports day it was my responsibility to lead the parade. The parade had students from every grade from 12th to 1st. It was very challenging to get the 6–7 year old kids to understand the march rhythm so that the parade presentation would look good.R looked satisfied…..You will have some good days and some bad days during your MBA interviews and during your good days you will be able to recollect everything and come up with answers on the spot. On bad days, you won’t and you’ll come out of the interview room kicking yourself.This supposedly was a good day and my mind was working. I have had bad days too but that’s an answer to a different question.C - Okay Nikhil, last question. Suppose if you get admission into an MBA course and your company is offering you the role of Executive Assistant to CEO. Which will you choose and why?Me - Never expected this question … Sir, Executive Assistant roles are of two types. One which is purely administrative and I don’t see myself in that role. The second role is more involving and the Executive Assistant would help the CEO in devising the firm’s strategy and managing a part of his work for him. This role would definitely help me get a good overview of the business and I would be networking with the leaders of the organisation but an MBA would equip me with the right skills and knowledge which will be more beneficial in the long run.C - Smiling … Okay, thank you Nikhil. We are done. Please tell XX (next candidate) to enter after 5 mins.Me - Okay. Thank you sir.Put the chair back in place .. left the room…PI lasted 30–35 minutes at least.Verdict: Result awaited.This was the best panel so far, which seemed interested and posed question from all angles (work, academics, behaviour). I believe this is the difference between and IIMs and other institutes. Not that others aren’t good, SPJIMR, IIFT too had good panels and a very good process. But this is one thing which is not under your control. The panel you have is what you get. Needless to say, go in with all your skills and knowledge.Also, this was my best interview performance amongst all the 6 I have given so far. Whether I convert this call or not - is for later. But I was happy that I fared well and could answer most of the questions.Presence of mind, preparation and a warm smile will go a long way in your interview. Be attentive, take cues from tone of question asked, expressions of the interviewer and answer honestly. You will sail through.As for me, I will update the answer with the Verdict.EDIT (26 May 2017)Converted 8 out of 9 new IIMs and waitlisted at IIM Trichy in the first list.
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What is the genesis of the Reddy-Kamma fallout in Andhra Pradesh?
The Reddy-Kamma rivalry is that which has been studied by many scholars over the decades. At its root, the rivalry dates back to the post-Kakatiya period. But the rivalry that is often described at present started to take shape in the early 1900s and was based solely on the quest for political power and money. This rivalry has several layers and cannot rationally be blamed on a single thing, party, or person. I will divide the answer into Pre-Independence, Post-Independence, and Modern-Times situation. This answer is based largely on the work of Agarala Easwara Reddi and D. Sundar Ram in St...
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Is it possible for anyone to create a novel similar in elegance and stature to Tolkien's Lord Of the Rings?
Thank you Nimish for the A2A!Are you kidding? It's not just possible but almost trivial for some author or some collaboration of authors to come along to write a fantasy genre novel with such depth, elegance, consistency and stature that it not only equals The Lord of the Rings but completely blows it out of the water.Really, it's as simple as pie. After all modern writers don't have to labor under the ridiculous handicaps J.R.R. Tolkien grappled with during his literary career:a) He was a full-time professor at the University of Oxford, responsible for lecturing, testing, social obligations and all of the other time-sucks that were part and parcel of being a full-time university don.b) Tolkien was a husband, father and grandfather living within modest means, particularly during the shortage-ridden war years, and never saw sizable paychecks until late in life.c) Tolkien had to draft, write and revise his stories laboriously by hand, with (shudder) pencil and paper, without the assistance of a secretary.d) When it came time to turn his stories into manuscripts he had to type them out on one of those old-fashioned typewriters using two fingers since he never learned to type properly.e) Forget GoogleDocs, Tolkien had to correspond with his editors via snail mail, and it could be weeks or months in between letters.f) Tolkien had to almost singlehandedly elevate the fantasy genre to the stature of legitimate literature, since prior to him it was considered the realm of fairy stories for young children.Now let's take a deeper look at The Lord of the Rings, which the OP seems to think is some kind of awesome, unsurpassable work of literature. Poppycock!Tolkien didn't think much of The Lord of the Rings, actually. He never really wanted to write it in the first place and only did so at the insistence of his publisher (Allen & Unwin) who wanted to cash in on the fact that all the children who'd enjoyed The Hobbit were now old enough to be able to afford to buy the sequel. Tolkien himself realized The Lord of the Rings had a boatload of shortcomings, flaws and warts ... and always felt his other writings (posthumously published as The Silmarillion, Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth, etc) would become his magnum opus and legacy.- Languages. Let's start here because Tolkien devotees are always gushing about how awesome an accomplishment it was that Tolkien singlehandedly created all these magnificent constructed languages (a.k.a. "conlangs". I detest the term "conlang" so I'm gonna flog it like a dead horse in this answer.)The truth is, Tolkien's conlangs are overrated. Only Quenya was ever developed to the level where people could hold a basic conversation in it, and even that involves a bit of stretching. Sindarin is less well developed and requires vast amounts of conjecture to even attempt to converse in it. Adûnaic and Westron are bare-bones at best while Khuzdul, the Black Speech, Valarin and a few others exist only as fragments. A talented graduate student with some linguistics software and a few hours to burn could generate far more elegant and more internally consistent conlangs than Tolkien ever dreamed of.- Patriarchalism. Is that even a word? No worries, I'm running with it anyway. When it came to his treatment of distaff characters Tolkien was a man of his times, actually a man of the much older times from whence he derived inspiration ... when Men were big hairy-chested Men off doing Manly deeds and women sat around the house pining for their Man to come home and make babies with them.Tolkien wrote a grand total of two interesting women into The Lord of the Rings. Galadriel didn't really do much aside from acting as a magical Army/Navy Store for the Fellowship of the Ring. And poor Éowyn, the Rohirric shield-maiden who had the temerity to upstage a ton of Manly heroes by slaying the Witch-king of Angmar, was firmly slapped down into her role as Faramir II's submissive little wife.Other than that The Lord of the Rings was a complete and total sausage fest. Modern authors could not only write circles around Tolkien in terms of crafting strong female characters, they could depart from Tolkien's prudish Catholic sexual orthodoxy by exploring strong characters throughout the entire LGBT+ spectrum.- Racism. Tolkien was not subtle when it came to Middle-earth race relations; it was about as cut and dried as "white skin = good, dark skin = bad". It would take actual effort in order to produce such a tone-deaf depiction today.- Pacing. The Lord of the Rings starts out slow, gains speed slowly, slows down again then sloooooowly starts to get a little interesting before screeching to a halt with an absolutely absurd interlude involving batshit-crazy Tom Bombadil, followed by another slow stretch in the Barrow-downs before slowly picking up with Strider. It's well over a hundred pages before anything genuinely exciting happens. It would be child's play to write a novel that gains traction before most readers toss it aside from boredom.- Godawful art. Seriously, is there any other novel that has generated such a tremendous volume of well-meaning but low-quality artwork? (See The Lord of the Rings (creative franchise): What is the best and worst piece of artwork you've seen relating to J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle Earth?)) Check out the various book covers issued for The Lord of the Rings over the years: Lord of the Rings Book Cover Designs -- almost all of them are lame. And that doesn't even include the psychedelhallucinamagorphic (TM) pink and purple Ballantine covers (see Memories of J R R Tolkien Early Editions (with pix!)) Pick just about any random artist from DeviantArt and you will find exponentially better fantasy-genre artwork, not just for the book cover but also for internal artwork.- Structure. Tolkien wrote The Lord of the Rings as a series of 6 books but his publisher arbitrarily lumped them into the three volumes most people are familiar with today (The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King). But because he failed to take the time to figure out how to work the information into the corpus of The Lord of the Rings itself, Tolkien also included a series of interminable Appendices which hardly anyone reads but which contain vast amounts of information crucial to fully understanding LotR. A talented author could develop coherent methods to integrate this kind of important information into the novel proper.- Poor characterization. Tolkien's heroes and heroines are noble. Seriously noble. So noble they shit marble. That could perhaps be overlooked if it weren't for the fact that they're frequently also one-dimensional. If fans of A Song of Ice and Fire have a legitimate claim to an area where Martin beats Tolkien, it's in presenting characters with human 'shades of grey' personalities. If there's one thing modern writers know how to focus on, it's the protagonists' and antagonists' internal conflicts.- Deus ex machina. You say 'either', I say 'either'. Tolkien said 'eucatastrophe', I say 'deus ex machina'. Every time Tolkien painted himself into a corner where the hero was trapped/doomed (e.g., Gandalf the Grey at Orthanc, Gandalf the White at Zirak-zigil, the Captains of the West at the Morannon, Frodo and Samwise at Orodruin) the eagles showed up to save the day. This plot device seemed inauthentic in The Hobbit and never failed to disappoint in The Lord of the Rings. A truly great novel would have a story line so well thought-out it doesn't require multiple contortionist-level plot devices to resolve the action.- Internal consistency. Though Tolkien and his editors performed yeoman level heroics, a few details still managed to slip through the cracks that revealed inconsistencies in the story line. Timeline software, a bit more attention to detail and perhaps a few more sets of editorial eyeballs could result in a novel that is genuinely air-tight.Now let's think about some of the advantages that you, the aspiring writer, have at your disposal which Tolkien lacked:a) The Interwebs. You have at your fingertips an inconceivably vast, rich resource that makes even Oxford University's magnificent Bodleian Library pale to insignificance.b) Word processors. They slice! They dice! They autocorrect! You can singlehandedly produce the same amount of writing in a single day that took Tolkien a month or more to crank out on his rusty old typewriter. And then with the touch of a button you could instantly translate your masterpiece into any number of conlangs. Conlangs, baby, conlangs!c) Collaboration. Any number of different cloud-based programs allow you to collaborate with dozens or even thousands of other authors, in real time, in the conlang of your choice.d) Precedents. Tolkien took decades to lay out a detailed blueprint that made The Lord of the Rings possible: a Creation Myth, various races of sentient beings each with its own history, the Heroic Quest trope, yada yada yada. While many hacks have merely regurgitated their version of Tolkien's magnum opus (cough, Terry Brooks, cough ...) in the decades since a few genuinely talented fantasy authors have added additional arrows to the fantasy genre quiver. A modern author has no shortage of options from which to draw inspiration and fashion a richly textured work.e) Demographics. Thanks to Tolkien the fantasy literature genre is not only semi-respectable, it can be fabulously lucrative. And with Harry Potter played out and the last few books of the A Song of Ice and Fire series petering out, publishers are desperate for 'the next Tolkien' to sign their contract on the dotted line. Nerds like myself are desperate to sink their teeth into a rich, vast, multi-layered fantasy genre masterpiece. And Hollywood is desperate for another Oscar-winning, money-making, merchandise-generating fantasy trilogy ... or maybe even (gasp!) a tetralogy. You, the talented and business-savvy writer, can cash in on all that desperation and laugh your way to the bank.f) Crowdfunding. Tolkien had to pinch pennies just to get the raw materials to cobble together a manuscript. But you've got access to cool sites like Kickstarter and Indiegogo to get you started. Heck, come up with something that sounds good enough, and even I might chip in a few bucks.So knowing all this ... shame on all of you so-called writers out there for wasting the last six decades and not coming up with a masterpiece of fantasy literature so awesome it can even compete with, much less surpass, the sophomoric novel of an elderly and overworked husband, father, grandfather and professor.Seriously, what the heck are you waiting for?
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