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Very much true.The US military has massive power projection, more than any country in the history of man. The US has 11 (CATOBAR/STOBAR) Aircraft Carriers, while the next country has 1 which is, China, Russia, India, UK, and France. Also, the US Carriers are not just regular carriers, they are known as Super Carriers. Which is a term coined by the public to say that these carriers are so large that they exceed the definition of an Aircraft Carrier. Also, the US carriers were designed in the 70’s and countries are now just starting to make designs that could compete with the American Carriers. However, the US just redesigned the carrier and is coming out with the new Gerald R. Ford Class Carrier, which is supposed to be years possibly decades ahead of any other countries design. If you include Helicopter Carriers, and Amphibious Assault ships, that number jumps up to 20, soon to be 22. Then the next highest is tied between Japan and France with 4. My favorite part about the US having so many Aicraft Carriers is that if we divided them up between the major oceans, we could have 4 in each ocean… Crazy. The US carriers are also nuclear powered, they are the only carriers to be nuclear powered besides the French R91 Charles de Gaulle.Note the types of planes on the US Carriers. If you look at the USS Gerald R. Ford, it is fielding 5 different aircraft. 4 planes and 1 helicopter. We will look at the planes. Woden note, the USN has the 2nd largest Air Force in the world, right behind the USAF.First plane- McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet/Super Hornet: The plane is one of the most decorated planes, with thousands of successful missions, while requiring 3x less maintenance and failures than its counterparts. The plane has electronic warfare capabilities, air to air, and air to ground capabilities. Also, has spy and early warning capabilities. It was one of the first aircraft to heavily use multifunction displays, which at the switch of a button allow a pilot to perform either fighter or attack roles or both. The airframe is complex yet so simple, that a 4 man team can remove and install a new F404 engine in 40 minutes. Was also one of the very first 4th generation fighter on an aircraft carrier.Second plane- Northrop Grumman X-47B: This guy will be the very first and only Carrier based Drone. Northrop Grumman intends to develop the prototype X-47B into a battlefield-ready aircraft, the Unmanned Carrier-Launched Airborne Surveillance and Strike (UCLASS) system, which will enter service in the 2020s. So it’ll have strike options and surveillance capabilities.Third plane- Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye: Many countries have AWAC systems or Airborne early warning and control. But only the United States have a Carrier based AWAC system. With the creation of this system, carriers that are hundreds of miles away from the nearest AWAC system, this plane gives the ability for a carrier strike group to potentially detect fifth-generation fighters like the Russian Sukhoi Su-57 and the Chinese Chengdu J-20 and Shenyang J-31 farther out. Also, gives the ability to guide fleet weapons, such as AIM-120 AMRAAM and SM-6 missiles, onto targets beyond a launch platform's detection range or capabilities.Fourth plane- Lockheed Martin F-35C Lightning II: This plane is the first and only carrier based 5th Generation Stealth fighter. The plane is meant as an air superiority fighter and a plane capable of ground support. It also has a very low, almost undetectable, cross section and radar signature. Besides radar stealth measures, the F-35 incorporates infrared signature and visual signature reduction measures. With the addition of a 5th generation stealth fighter, this gives the US military and Navy, the opportunity to do more damage and to have true air superiority over all other aircraft carrier based planes and land based planes. The US, in the event of a war, can now bring 5th gen fighters to the battle without the need of the Air Force against other 4th gen fighters, or possibly the few Chinese or Russian 5th gen fighters.Furthermore, the US have some of the best destroyers on the planet. With the highly acclaimed Arleigh-Burke Class Destroyer, and the brand new, low production Zumwalt Class Destroyer. The US has the most destroyers in the world with about double the next country, with another 4 undergoing sea trials and we are currently building 5 more and have awarded contracts for 5 more. By 2024 the US is expected to have 79 destroyers in service.Zumwalt Destroyer- The Zumwalt class warships are the largest destroyer ever built. The USS Zumwalt has unusual hull design optimized for wave piercing. There is a composite deckhouse. Angular shape minimizes its radar signature. The ship has hidden radar and sensors. The despite its size the USS Zumwalt has a radar signature of a fishing boat. Also it has reduced sound and infrared signature what makes this ship harder to detect. The ship is the First american surface warship to integrate electronic propulsion, it generates enough power to light up a small city. Sound levels of the Zumwalt are comparable with Los Angeles class submarines.Arleigh-Burke Destroyer- These guided missile destroyers entered service with the US Navy in 1991 were the first large US Navy vessel designed to incorporate stealth shaping techniques to reduce radar cross-section. Also these are one of the biggest destroyers in the world that incorporate highly advanced weaponry and systems. Hull profile of the Arleight Burke class signNowly improves seakeeping, permitting high speeds to be maintained in difficult sea states. The AN/SPY-1D phased array radar incorporates signNow advances in the detection capabilities of the AEGIS weapons system, particularly in its resistance to enemy electronic countermeasures. Missile are stored in vertical launch systems, that can also house smaller Evolved Sea Sparrow (ESSM) missiles, Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles, ASROC anti-submarine missiles. For point defense the ships are equipped with two Phalanx Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS). Also there are 324 mm launchers for Mk.46 or Mk.50 torpedoes.Daily dose of freedom right here.Obviously, we can’t forget about the immaculate US submarine fleet. The US has some of the most advanced and quietest submarines. All of them use nuclear propulsion for extended range and stealth capabilities. The US has the…Ohio class (18 in commission) – 14 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), 4 guided missile submarines (SSGNs)- The U.S. Ohio-class submarines, of which 14 are Trident II SSBN, each capable of carrying 24 SLBMs. The first four which were all equipped with the older Trident I missiles have been converted to SSGN's each capable of carrying 154 Tomahawk guided missiles and have been further equipped to support Special OperationsSeawolf class (3 in commission) – attack submarines- The Seawolf class boats were intended to seek and destroy the latest Soviet ballistic missile submarines, such as the Typhoon class and attack submarines such as the Akula class. Seawolf class submarines are arguably the quietest submarines in the world ever constructed. It is exceptionally quiet even at high speeds. Most submarines need to keep their speed down to as little as 5 knots to avoid detection by passive sonar arrays, while the Seawolf class are credited with being able to cruise at 20 kots and still be impossible to locate. A Seawolf at 25 knots makes less noise than an older Los Angeles class submarine tied up alongside the pier. And these came out in 1989.Virginia class (11 in commission, 5 under construction, 2 on order) – fast attack submarines- The Virginia class submarines incorporate newly designed anechoic coating, isolated deck structures and new design of propulsor to achieve low acoustic signature. It is claimed that noise level of the Virginia is equal to that of the Seawolf class. The Virginia class submarines are fitted with 12 vertical launch system (VLS) tubes. These are used to launched Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles with a range of 1 700 km. Also there are four 533-mm torpedo tubes. These are used to fire a total of 26 Mk.48 heavyweight torpedoes and Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles. It is the first US submarine to employ a built-in Navy SEAL staging area allowing a team of 9 men to enter and leave the submarine.(Improved) Los Angeles class (34 in commission, 2 in reserve) – attack submarines- The Improved submarines are much quieter. It is described that improved Los Angeles class boats are 7 times quieter than the original Los Angeles class boats. The class features a very potent weapon array, including Mk.48 torpedoes, Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles and Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles. Tomahawk missiles can be launched from torpedo tubes of from dedicated vertical launching systems. These boats can operate under ice where the Russian ballistic missile submarines tend to hide.Surfacing of a US Submarine.Let’s move onto the air. While the USN has a quite capable Air Force. But that is dwarfed by the sheer magnitude and strength of the United States Air Force. The Air Force articulates its core missions as air and space superiority, global integrated ISR, rapid global mobility, global strike, and command and control. The USAF flys a multitude of different planes and helicopters. The USAF is the largest Air Force in the world, here is the list of what America flys. Most of these are at the cutting edge of innovation, with two of them being 5th generation stealth fighters. That’s really really good because no other country has an active 5th gen while the US has 2. The USAF also has the largest bomber, tanker, fighter, and transport fleets in the world. The USAF has so many staging areas around the world, that the US can have bombers or any other planes on station, anywhere around the world in a matter of hours.Attack: A-10, AC-130, MQ-1, MQ-9Bomber: B-1B, B-2, B-52HElectronic warfare: E-3, E-8, EC-130Fighter: F-15C, F-15E, F-16, F-22 (5th gen), F-35A (5th gen)Helicopter: HH-60, UH-1NReconnaissance: MC-12, RC-135, RQ-4, RQ-170, U-2, U-28Trainer: T-1, T-6, T-38, T-41, T-51, T-53, TG-16Transport: C-5, C-12, C-17, C-21, C-32, C-37, C-130, C-40, CV-22, VC-25Tanker: KC-10, KC-135Let’s look at the two of my favorite ones and the most technologically advanced planes in the world.F-22 RaptorThe F-22 Raptor air superiority fighter is almost invisible to radars. This aircraft carries a powerful array of weaponry. It is the most advanced and most expensive production fighter aircraft to date. Many of sensors and avionics of this plane remain classified. Engines of the raptor allow the aircraft to supercruise over long ranges, while thrust-vectoring nozzles, combined with a triplex fly-by-wire flight control system, make it exceptionally maneuverable. The highly integrated avionics systems also include a data-link, inertial navigation system with embedded GPS for high-accuracy navigation, and advanced electronic warfare, warning and countermeasures systems. Two central computers manage the automatic switching of the sensors between completely passive and wholly active operation, according to the tactical situation. Artificial intelligence algorithms fuse data from the sensors and present only relevant information to the pilot to reduce workload while at the same time improving tactical awareness. The datalink allows tactical information to be shared with other F-22s. The tech is so special that other countries, not even NATO allies are given the chance to procure the plane.B-2 SpiritThe B-2A Spirit is the silver bullet of US policy, reserved for use against targets of the highest priority. The B-2's stealth characteristics enable the undetected penetration of sophisticated anti-aircraft defenses and to attack even heavily defended targets. This stealth comes from a combination of reduced acoustic, infrared, visual and radar signatures (multi-spectral camouflage) to evade the various detection systems that could be used to detect and be used to direct attacks against an aircraft. Composites are extensively used to provide a radar-absorbent honeycomb structure; the bomber has a minimal IR signature, does not contrail and uses its shielded APQ-181 radar only momentarily to identify a target just before attacking. The onboard DMS is capable of automatically assessing the detection capabilities of identified threats and indicated targets. The DMS will be upgraded by 2021 to detect radar emissions from air defenses to allow changes to the auto-router's mission planning information while in-flight so it can receive new data quickly to plan a route that minimizes exposure to dangers. Also, most of the B-2s are stationed in Missouri, and they are capable of bombing any target in the world despite being in the heart of America.Now for the US ARMYThe US army it self is massive in numbers, coming in at 1.01 million personnel, it self is one of the biggest standing armies in the world, and that's just one branch of the US military. Also, in the US military, it is the largest branch out of them all surpassing any other branch by almost 600,000 personnel. They provide the bulk of security for the US's foreign interests. The mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders. Which is mainly air domination and land domination. They mainly engage is conventional warfare, and asymmetrical warfare. The US Army's main responsibilities is preserving the peace and security and providing for the defense of the United States, the Commonwealths and possessions and any areas occupied by the United States, Supporting the national policies, Implementing the national objectives, Overcoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts that imperil the peace and security of the United States. The US Army is also home to some of the most dangerous, prestigious and hardest working special forces teams in the world such as the frontline special force, the Rangers, we also have the green berets and the iconic 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne) also known as Delta Force. The US army is thought to be one of the most battle tested and battle proven militaries in the world. With the mobility of the USAF an army QRF can be anywhere on earth in less than 24 hours. The US ARMY uses the M1A2 Abrams tank. One of the most badass, heaviest, fastest, and battle hardened tanks in the world.This tank has incredible technology and armor. Also it has seen combat. It is one of the most feared MBTs. The M1A2 offers signNow protection against all well-known anti-tank weapons. This main battle tank uses advanced armor, reinforced with depleted uranium layers. The M1A2 has signNow level of protection against all known anti-tank weapons. It can also employ counter-IED equipment. The tank is armed with the same 120-mm M256 smoothbore gun as its predecessor. Range of effective fire is in excess of 4 km. This main battle tank is powered by a Honeywell AGT1500 gas turbine engine, developing 1 500 hp. The tank is one of the fastest in the world, clocking in (with no governor) at 60 mph while being THE heaviest tank in the world. As of April of 2018, the US has no combat losses with the Abrams, the Abrams has only been lost due to friendly fire, never to enemy fire.I don’t think I need to explain the marines. Just know that they use the same tech as the Army (with some exceptions) but they are also the main invasion force for the US. And they are badass.The US military signNow is massive with the Aircraft carriers and the 700+ military bases around the world. The US is truly the most powerful military in the world. The fact that they can have a men anywhere in the world in less than 24 hours and being able to bomb any place on earth, just proves how powerful the US military is.

TCS ( ILP ) joining process and document preparationThe most important part of joining TCS is its documentation! This is just a general guide to the new ILP candidates. You should always strictly follow your Annexure ! So let’s do this fast!The Joining Process is Divided into seven parts:1.Accept the joining letter2.Complete the TCS Survey Monkey3.Complete the BGC form filling4.Fill the NSR (NASSCOM) ITPIN5.Fill the ON BOARDING forms6.Prepare the Agreements (Service Agreement & Affidavit/signNowd Undertaking)7.Prepare the supporting documentsAccept the joining letter:a). First you have to accept your joining letter by using your DT reference idTCS Next Step>>ILP corner>>Joining letter>>Acceptb). Download the Joining letterTCS Next Step>>ILP corner>> Joining letter >>DownloadNote: Accepting the joining letter is necessary to complete the other formalitiesSo first accept your joining letter (if you are going to join TCS)Complete the TCS Survey MonkeyYou have to complete the TSC survey monkey. TCS recruitment team will send you the link by mailRequired details:1. TCSL Reference id (DT reference id)& passwordhttps://www.surveymonkey.com/r/T...Complete the BGC form filling:You have to complete the Background Check Verification Before Your Joining datea). Fill BGC Form:i). Fill the Basic Details (Passport, PAN, Address Details)ii). Academic Details (CGPA or overall percentage)iii). Reference: You have to fill any two person’s following detailsØ NameØ Company/Institute NameØ DesignationØ Contact NoØ Email idØ Relationship with the applicantØ Period for which reference knows the applicantiv). Fill Security Detailsb). Declaration:Ø In declaration part you have to agree and submitØ Download the BGC completed formc). Documents uploading:You have to scan and upload the following documents in PDF or JPEG format each file size should be less than 2MBØ NSR e-cardØ Birth certificate or Birth AffidavitØ Permanent, present address proof(aadhaar / passport / ration card / EB, GAS, mobile Bill / credit, debit card / Bank statement)Ø PAN cardØ Passport / passport application receiptØ ID proof (voter id, ration card, driving license, bank passbook, aadhaar)Ø X- grade mark sheetØ XII-grade mark sheetØ All semester mark sheetsØ Non-Criminal Affidavit (first page of the stamp paper)Fill the NSR (NASSCOM) ITPIN:You have to enter your NSR ITPIN atTCS Next Step>>ILP corner>>National skill registry>>ITPIN(you have to complete the registration and bio-metric process of NSR before joining ILP (please visit site www.nationalskillsregistry.com). And they will send you a NSR-e card by mail or you can generate by yourself by login to your NSR profile)Fill the ON BOARDING formsYou are mandatorily required to fill and submit the Onboarding Forms before your joining date to smoothen your Onboarding process, failing which your joining formalities will not be completed. These forms are required to be filled as per statutory compliance norms.Onboarding forms consists of five forms:Ø Provident Fund (PF)/ Pension Scheme Nomination form (Form 2 — Part A and Part B)Ø Gratuity Form (GF)Ø Superannuation Form (SF) -only to eligible employeesØ Declaration Form (Form 9)Ø Group Life Insurance (GLI)You would have to fill all the Onboarding forms online and declare nominee(s) for the above mentioned forms. Submit a Hard copy of the completed forms on the day of Joining ILPTCS Next Step>>Onboarding>>Fill all the formsAfter filling these form, you can download these 5 documents at “Dashboard tab”-in the same pageSuggestion: 1. nominee is father or mother 2. share of money -100%Required information: Name, DOB of the nominePrepare the Agreements (Service Agreement & Affidavit/signNowd Undertaking):a) Service Agreement:1.Buy a Rs.100 stamp paper on your name2.Print the service agreement page 1Download.pdf3.Buy 5 demi (court paper) / green paper (court paper) / Legal / A4 papers4.Print the service agreement page 2 – 6 Download.pdfNote: page 6 is also called as surety verification formNote: Blanks should be written using pen it should not print or typeIt doesn’t matter how many pages in your agreement but make sure that proper page number and proper contentOther instructions:If Rs.100 stamp paper is not available, you can also do this in two Rs.50 stamp papers Make sure the text starts in the stamp paper. You can print first 3 Lines on first Rs.50 stamp paper and next some paras on another Rs.50 stamp paper and the remaining pages on other demi paper.Read the service agreement guidelines carefully before filling up anything. Many might find this silly but I prefer filling up Xerox copies first. It can save you the money for printing again in case something goes wrong! So we are here going to use a Rs.100 stamp paper for the first few lines(THIS AGREEMENT made at Mumbai on this 1.______________________________________ day of 2._________________, Two thousand and 3._______________________ between TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED,)and print the rest on simple A4 papers or Legal or demi papers. Fill everything up in CAPS, using a pen. Do not remove any clause, not even the page numbers! Don’t forget your signature and surety’s signature on the bottom of each page!! Service Agreement needn’t be signNowd.Surety Verification:This is a part of the Service Agreement. Any person who is an Income Tax Payee or has Land property can be your surety! Example: your father! So just make sure you place the signatures in proper places and have your surety fill up the “Surety Verification Form”. This form has to be attested by a Gazetteer Officer or the manager of a nationalized bank where the surety holds an account or employer of the surety! or public notaryØ Attested photocopies of the surety’s pan card.Ø Attested photocopies of the surety’s Form 16 (or)  Attested photocopies of the surety’s latest income tax returnNOTE: Make sure your surety’s signature everywhere matches with that done in his/her Pan Card or you are in some serious troubleb) Non-Criminal Affidavit:1.Buy a Rs.100 stamp paper on your name2.Print the Non-criminal affidavit page 1 Download.pdf3.Buy 2 demi (court paper) / green paper (court paper) / Legal / A4 papers4.Print the Non-criminal affidavit page 2 – 3 Download.pdf5.Get this affidavit signNowd by a notary public in court (signature in all the pages)Note: Make sure you choose non-blood relation people as witnesses! Example: Neighbors.Other instructions:If Rs.100 stamp paper is not available, you can also do this in two Rs.50 stamp papers Make sure the text starts in the stamp paper. You can print first 2 paras on first Rs.50 stamp paper and next some paras on another Rs.50 stamp paper and the witness page on another demi paper. just fill in the blanks with a pen DO NOT remove any clause.Prepare the supporting documents:1. Medical Certificate:Download medical certificate format from TCS next step portal and print it (Black & white is enough) Make sure The doctor signs and places his seal on the second page. He should also sign and place a seal on your photo. format download.pdfYou’ll need two attested copies of everything but make sure you keep more copies with you (many times it will help you)Here’s a list of the supporting documents you’ll need to get attested by:Ø Gazetteer Officer orØ Government higher secondary school head master orØ Tehsildar of the village in which the Applicants resides. orØ District collector of the district in which the Applicants resides1. Birth Certificate:(If your birth certificate is not in English, or your name/place of birth/date of birth is missing/the details are mismatching, then it is recommended that you apply for a new one before it’s too late.Otherwise, you need a signNowd affidavit on Rs.100 stamp paper, which is only atemporary arrangement.)2. Class X - mark sheet.3. Class XII-mark sheet.4. Consolidated Mark sheet (from your institution)5. Degree Certificate(or Provisional Certificate / course complete Certificate if you. Don’t receives your Degree Certificate yet)6. All Semester Mark sheets7. Transfer certificate (if you have)8. Your Pan Card9. Your Passport10. surety’s information:a) If Income tax payee : photocopy attestedi). Surety’s Form 16 ( or )Surety’s Income Tax Return / saral / form 2d / form12Bii). Surety’s PAN cardb) If Surety have landi). Surety’s land documents photo copy – Registered in Englishii). Latest land valuation certificate from the respective authority-photo copy with attestedc) Else Fixed deposit of Rs. 50,000 at nationalized bank on TCS name for two years) photocopy attested by bank manager11. your aadhaar card (if you have)12. your voter card (if you have)13. Ration card (if you have)You’ll need two self-attested copies of Following documents but make sure you keep more copies with you (many times it will help you)1. Joining letter2. Offer letter3. ID proof (Passport, Voter ID)4. Address Proof (Passport, Voter ID)- give a separate copy for permanent & (if Present) address5. Highest degree mark sheets (for BGC)6. Degree Certificate / Provisional / Course complete (if only degree certificate not provided byyour institution)(for BGC)7. NSR e-card printout (after you’re done with Biometrics, you’ll get your ITPIN and e-card with your picture, in your e-mail).8. Documents for break in education (if any otherwise no need)(i) Medical records, if the break was due to medical reasons.(ii) Certificates / Examination results, if the break was due to additional course done.(iii) Affidavit on a Rs.100 stamp paper with notary authorization, if the study break was due to other personal reasons.9. CID Form (if you are from Mumbai/ Navi Mumbai/ Thane City/ Thane Rural / Pune otherwise no need) You need to submit Self-Attested Criminal Investigation Division (CID) forms forthe respective region. (details about forms will be mailed to you just before your joining)10. 12+ copies Recent passport size photos11. All the documents Original compulsory. Don’t forget to take the originals with you!Advise: keep more copies of your documents and attested copies it may help you if any problem

1.Teachers try to find out the key points in the essay and accordingly marks are allotted.2.Write the essay on the subject matter which the question is asking for instead of deviating from it.3. Do not repeat the same sentences again and again because it may create a wrong impression on the person who is checking your paper.4. Write quotation and highlight them.5. Provide examples if required.6. Teachers look for content and valid point suiting the essay so write the essay accordingly instead of writing 6-7 pages.7. Make less grammatical errors.8. First sketch the point of the essay and then prepare the essay.9. Do not try to copy essay from essay books.10. Write essay which is simple and understandable.11.Make your essay distinct from other candidates.12. Relate it with the current scenario, if required.13. Try to keep yourself aware of current affairs as it can majorly help you in english language exam.14. Practice essay from last ten years it will help you a lot and who knows you may get similar essay to write.15. Read good book of various genre this will help you in increasing your knowledge on various topics and in turn write a good essay for example: biography of some good personality.16. Give mock test which are conducted and get it checked through experts who have vast experience of teaching as they are well aware of marking scheme.17. Practice all type of essay covered in the syllabus so it will help you in the better selection of essay to be attempted.18. You can also prepare your own essay question seeing the current affairs and write on it and get it checked by teachers.19. Revise your essay once you complete your language paper.Suggestions are always welcomed so some more valuable points can be added.Study smart.Good luck.

The highest-level categories are fermented beverages like beer and wine, and distilled beverages, like liquor.  The former are made by allowing yeasts (a type of fungus) to consume sugars and excrete alcohols.  There is a theoretical upper bound to the concentration of alcohol that can be produced by this process, since the yeast cannot survive in alcohol and will eventually drown in its own excrement.  (Lovely image, right?)  In order to produce beverages above, let's say, 15% alcohol by volume, it's necessary to distill some of the water off of a fermented beverage.Of course, after the actual alcohol has been produced, it's possible to mix things together and add additional flavorings.  There is a hybrid category of fortified wines, for instance, which are blends of fermented and distilled beverages.  Gin is made by producing a distilled liquor, somewhat similar to vodka, and then infusing it with herbs.  Liqueurs are made by adding flavorings and sugars to distilled liquors.Fermented BeveragesIn order to carry out fermentation, we need to feed some kind of carbohydrates to the yeasts.  The choice of carbohydrates determines a great deal about the final product.Beers are produced by fermenting grains -- usually barley, but also wheat, corn, millet, or rice.  (The Japanese drink sake, while usually described as "rice wine," is essentially a beer made from rice instead of barley.)Pictured: Hops, a flower added to beer before fermentation to impart a bitter taste.For more on beer:What are the characteristics of the major types of beer?How many different types of craft beer brands exist in the US?What's a simple, one-sentence breakdown of the difference between an ale and a lager?Wines are produced by fermenting fruits; generally, the word "wine" alone means "grape wine," while other wines will be referred to by the name of the fruit -- e.g. "plum wine," "blackberry wine," etc.  [1]  Grape wines come in two main types, red or white, depending on the type of grape used and whether the skin is left on.  Given that more has been written about these kinds of wines than all other beverages put together, I'll refrain from going into detail about this subject.Pictured: Amarone, a wine made from raisins.For more on (traditional, grape-based) wines:What are the differences between different types of red wines?What is the best way for a beginner to learn the basics about wine?These are the two most common types of fermented beverages, but there are other types of high-carbohydrate foods that can be fermented.   Mead is made by fermenting honey.  It was very popular in Western Europe hundreds of years ago, then fell from favor for a long time, but is currently enjoying something of a resurgence.  Milk, too, can be fermented, although there is to my knowledge no common English word for this category of beverage; it's generally called something like koumiss in the local languages where it's drunk.  Some tree and plant saps can be fermented as well; again, I don't know of an English word for the category, but pulque is the most prominent example.Pictured: Pulque, a drink made by fermenting the sap of the Maguey agave plant.Distilled beveragesWe can produce higher-alcohol beverages by distilling fermented alcohols. (Distillation is the chemical name for any process that separates particular chemicals out of a mixture.  In this case, we're removing water from a mixture of alcohol and water, resulting in a higher alcohol concentration).  There are different kinds of distillation processes, and they do matter, but I'll skip over them for the most part here.Usually, you do not just drink these right after distilling them -- they'll often be aged in casks made of specific types of wood (where they pull flavor from the wood), or have additional flavors added to them after fermentation.  [2]One example is brandy (short for brandywine, meaning "burnt wine"), which is made by distilling wine.  Again, there are all kinds of fruits, so there are all kinds of brandies; the word "brandy" alone usually refers to brandies made from (grape) wine which have been aged in casks.  Cognac and Armagnac are two types of this sort of brandy.  Unaged brandies may be known as eau de vie ( "water of life" in French), generally together with the name of the fruit, e.g. "eau de vie de framboise" would be an unaged raspberry brandy.  Other notable brandies include Pisco, an unaged grape brandy from South America; Calvados, a French apple brandy aged in oak casks; Kirschwasser, an unaged brandy made from cherries without the pits removed; and Grappa, an unaged brandy from Italy made from grapes with their skins and stems left intact.Pictured: Poire William, a pear-based eau de vie.  (The pear inside the bottle is primarily decorative.)Whiskey, (or sometimes whisky), on the other hand, is essentially distilled beer, though the sort of "beer" you distill to make whiskey is a bit different from the sort of beer you would normally drink; for instance, it doesn't contain hops (a flower added to beer to give it a bitter flavor).  Common types of cask-aged whiskey include Scotch (malted barley), Irish whiskey (malted barley or grain), Bourbon (corn), Rye (rye), Canadian whiskey (rye), and Tennessee whiskey (corn). [3]  Of course, these styles come down to more than just the grains used.  For instance, Islay Scotches -- my favorite of all alcoholic beverages -- use malt dried over a peat fire, which gives them a unique smoky taste that's not present in other whiskies, and Tennessee whiskies (of which there are exactly two, namely Jack Daniel's and George Dickel) are put through a charcoal mellowing process. The most common unaged whiskey is Corn Whiskey.  I personally do not recommend drinking this.Pictured: A peat stack, used to dry and flavor the malt used in the type of Scotch whisky made on Islay and the outer Hebrides.Let's pause for a brief tangent about styles of whiskey.  Scotch will tend to have the most complex flavors and less sweetness than other styles of whisky.  There are different regions of Scotland that make different styles of whiskey.  Islay (and the rest of the Hebrides), as mentioned above, make smoky-tasting malts.  Highlands and Speysides seem to be a bit more beginner-friendly.For the longest time, rye was pretty much the official whiskey of America.  George Washington made his own at Mount Vernon.  It's sharper and less cloying than bourbon.  The Manhattan cocktail (whiskey, red vermouth, and bitters) would have originally been made with rye.  Prohibition changed all that by giving America a good sock right in the sophistication.  Coming out, we preferred sweeter and less subtle drinks like bourbon and Tennessee whiskey, which pretty much took rye out of the running.  Fortunately, it has been seeing something of a resurgence recently.Pictured: Rye.More on whiskey:What are the differences between scotch, bourbon, and Tennessee whiskies?What is the difference between whisky and whiskey?Rum is a liquor distilled from fermented sugarcane byproducts. [4]  The word "rum" alone usually refers to liquors made from molasses, which is a by-product of extracting sugar from sugarcane.  It can be cask-aged for varying amounts of time, resulting in light rums and dark rums.  Some types of rum, like Cachaça and Rhum Agricole, are instead made from sugarcane juice.  (Some people might just use "rum" to denote molasses liquors, and put the sugarcane juice liquors in their own category.)Pictured: A Caipirinha -- the national drink of Brazil -- which is a cocktail of Cachaça, sugar, and lime.  A stick of sugarcane (for decoration or stirring) is visible in the glass.Tequila is a liquor distilled from fermented agave hearts. (Agave is a plant in the same family as the asparagus and the yucca.)  Like rum it can be aged for different amounts of time.  The tequila you normally see is made from the blue agave plant; Mezcal is a tequila made from the Maguey agave.Pictured: A blue agave plant.Neutral spirits are a bit different.  This term refers to alcohol produced by any method in such a way that any residual flavor is removed and the result is simply pure alcohol and water, or as close as can be efficiently achieved without undue burden.  Neutral spirits can be used as the base for a liqueur.  Some cheap gins and vodkas are also made from neutral spirits.Vodka is traditionally made by distilling fermented potato juice.  However, due to its neutral flavor, the term is also used nowadays for neutral spirits or similar products.   Gin is made by adding juniper berries to neutral spirits, running some kind of "re-distillation" process that I don't even pretend to understand, and then infusing with various herbs and botanicals.Chinese liquor, or "baijiu" in Chinese, technically belongs to the whiskey family, as it's made by distilling fermented sorghum.  (Sorghum is a type of grain grown in China.)  Most westerners are not used to the flavor of sorghum, and when I've taken my white friends to Chinese bars in SF they often aren't able to stomach these, but I've developed a taste for at least some of them.  This is a very wide category, but I don't know anywhere near enough about it to do it justice.  The ones I've tried are Erguotou, an inexpensive, clear liquor, and Maotai, which is what they serve the President of the United States at formal dinners when he visits China.  [5]Pictured: Maotai, a sorghum-based liquor of the "sauce-fragrance" type.Hybrids: Liqueurs, fortified wines, etc.The beverages above get their flavor primarily or even exclusively from the process by which the alcohol was produced.  When they do have additional flavors, they're usually in some sense a byproduct of the process used.  Hops are added to beer prior to fermentation, for instance; similarly, while casked liquors do pull a considerable amount of flavor from their casks, the aging is actually required for other reasons as well.There are many classes of alcoholic beverages, however, which do not get their signature flavors primarily from the process which produces the alcohol, or which contain several types of alcohol made by different processes giving a composite flavor.  This is a very broad category and spans some of the best and worst kinds of beverage.The oldest beverage of this type is probably fortified wine, which is made by mixing wine and liquor, possibly with additional herbs or spices infused.  Originally the liquor was added as a preservative, but the style has now evolved to the point that certain fortified wines are among the most valuable wines out there.  There are a few important types.  Desert wines like Port, Sherry, Madeira, and Marsala are barrel aged and fortified with brandy.  Vermouth is fortified with neutral grape spirits and infused with herbs and botanicals. (Sugar is often added as well.)  Vermouth is extremely important in cocktails, being integral to the Martini and the Manhattan, which are two of the oldest and best cocktails.Another important class of beverage are flavored spirits.  These are made by infusing various flavors into neutral spirits (or, rarely, into other liquors).  Unlike liqueurs, flavored spirits do not have added sugar or juices.  Gin is probably the most important; it's made by adding juniper berries and other herbs and botanicals to neutral spirits.  (Gin is short for Genever / Jennifer / Guinevere, a name derived from the Juniper plant.)  Absinthe, too, was among the most important flavored spirits in its heyday, when it was roughly as popular in Paris as Coca-Cola in the U.S. today.  It's made by infusing neutral spirits with anise and a number of herbals and botanicals, including grand wormwood (artemisia absinthium) from which it takes its name.  Absinthe was for a long time banned in much of the world after a campaign that associated what were in retrospect effects of severe alcoholism with the wormwood in absinthe.  It's now known that drinking absinthe is perfectly safe, and the drink is once again available on store shelves and in bars. [6]  Pictured: a grand wormwood plant, used in flavoring absinthe.Liqueurs are made by adding flavorings and sugar to neutral spirit base (or, rarely, another liquor.)  This is an absolutely huge category in and of itself, comprising both the relatively obvious choices like creme de menthe (mint), creme de cacao (chocolate), coffee liqueur, amaretto (bitter almond and/or apricot kernel liqueur), raspberry liqueur, and so forth, as well as aperitif and digestif bitters such as Italian amaros, Campari , Cynar, Fernet, and Suze.Pictured: Suze, a type of bitters predominantly featuring the flavor of the gentian flower.  My favorite liqueur of all.SummaryAs mentioned in Naomi P Saphra's answer , this is not a clear-cut question since there are piles of categories and subcategories, and it's not clear where to draw the lines.  As a consolation prize, here's a picture of part of the tree discussed above which may also function as a handy reference.Fermented beveragesBeerAlesPale alesBrown alesBelgian-style alesLagersMalt beveragesSakeWineGrape winesRed wineWhite wineRose wineSparkling wineStraw wineIce wineNon-grape winesApple ciderPerryCountry winesMeadFermented milk beveragesFermented sap beveragesDistilled beveragesBrandyCasked grape brandiesEaux de vieWhiskeyCasked whiskeyScotchSingle-malt ScotchIslayHighlandSpeysideCampbelltownBlended ScotchIrish whiskyBourbonRyeTennessee whiskeyCanadian whiskyUncasked whiskeyCorn whiskeyUncasked ryeBaijiuLight fragranceHeavy fragranceSauce fragranceRumMolasses rumsSugarcane juice rumsTequilaBlue agave tequilaMezcalNeutral Spirits(Some) vodkaHybridsLiqueursCordialsFruit liqueursNut liqueursAmarettoCoffee liqueursAnise-flavored liqueursAnisetteGallianoSambucaDrambuieAperitif / Digestif Bitters (may overlap other categories)Amer PiconAvernaAmaro MontenegroCampariCynarFernet BrancaSuzeUnicumHerbal liqueursBénédictineChartreuseJägermeisterKümmelMetaxaStregaFortified winesDesert WinesPortSherryMadeiraMarsalaVermouth and friendsRed vermouthWhite vermouthLilletPunt e mes"Bum wines"Flavored spiritsGin and Genever"X-flavored Y"Coconut rumFlavored vodkasAnise-flavored liquorsAbsintheArakOuzoAkvavitResinated wines[1] "Beer" and "wine" have technical meanings, but they're not always used in this sense.  In particular, since beer tends to have lower alcohol content than wine (say ~6% versus ~10% by volume), sometimes wines with low alcohol contents will be referred to as beers or vice-versa.  For instance, barley wine is a type of beer with exceptionally high alcohol content, while apple cider is often considered like a beer despite essentially being a sparkling wine.[2] You can also age liquors for a short time in non-reactive containers, say glass or steel, in which case they go through some chemical reactions but don't interact with the container.  I'll call these "unaged" here for simplicity, despite the fact that it's not strictly true.[3] Note that many of these whiskeys are made from more than one grain, e.g. bourbon may be half corn and half wheat.  When I've indicated a grain I've just indicated the predominant one.[4] Sugarcane is actually a type of non-grain-bearing grass, not a fruit, explaining why rum doesn't count a type of brandy or whiskey.[5] If, like most of Quora, you're in the San Francisco Bay area, go to Red's Place at Jackson and Grant to try this stuff, then go a block over to Kearny where there's a Chinese liquor store to buy it.  I don't know of any other U.S. importers (UPDATE: There's also one in Chicago's Chinatown called China Palace Liquor City); if you do, add a mention in the comments.[6] The kind of wormwood used to make absinthe was correctly known to contain the extremely potent neurotoxin thujone in its essential oil.  However, the amount of thujone present in absinthe is so low that you'd die of alcohol poisioning long before you could drink enough absinthe to have any effect from it.  As a result of the anti-wormwood campaign of a century ago, there's been a persistent misconception that thujone can be used as a recreational drug, which is false -- it doesn't cause hallucinations or any other desirable effects; it's just a poison.  (Note, by the way, that many essential oils are similarly toxic, and should be treated with extreme care.  Several people have permanently damaged their health or died by drinking concentrated wintergreen oil out of the bottle while making candy.  A single ounce of it contains the equivalent of 200 aspirin pills.)  I am not a physician and this does not constitute medical advice of any kind.

Have you ever felt that something(like taking backup of files, deleting old files etc.) should automatically happen when you connect your pen-drive to your system?Let us take an example, Suppose your teacher wants you to copy your assignments into his pendrive in front of him. The pen drive contains your final examination paper. You want your ubuntu system to automatically copy all the data from that pen drive to your hard disk automatically in the background (without even opening a copy dialogue). Here is how to do it on ubuntu:1] First let us write a simple shell script which we want to execute whenever a pen drive is connected to our system. Let us write a simple script which copies all data from the connected device to your home directory.First open a new fileemacs $HOME/script.shand add following lines to that file.#!/bin/bash sudo mkdir -p /tmp/test sudo mkdir -p $HOME/device_data sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/test sudo cp -r /tmp/test/* $HOME/device_data/ sudo umount /tmp/test Save and close the file.This script essentially creates a new directory named "device_data" inside your home folder and copies all the data from the pen drive into device_data directory.(Note: You can write ANYHTING into this script, so use it wisely :P)Now let us make this script executable.sudo chmod +x $HOME/script.sh As this script needs sudo permissions, we need to make it sudo runnable. To do this add the name of the script into sudoers file.Open sudoers file.sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers Now after the 25th line (%sudo…) add this line ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /home//script.sh So now this script will run with sudo rights but will not ask for password! :)2]Now we need to tell our system to follow OUR rules (i.e execute our script) whenever a pendrive is connected. For this we need to create our own "udev rules" file. This file should be created in '/etc/udev/rules.d' directory.cd /etc/udev/rules.d Open a new file (with sudo rights):sudo emacs 91-myrules.rules Make sure the file name starts with "91". This gives your rules priority over other rules.Now add these lines into that fileACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="****", ATTRS{idProduct}=="****", RUN+="/paht/to/your/script.sh" Make sure you enter proper path into RUN variable.Done!!Now plug any pendrive into your system and test this!Note: 1] When you connect your external drive this script will be run and your system won’t be able to use it unless this script execution is complete! So have some patience! :p 2] This answer is written for educational purposes only! Do not misuse it.Thanks Mehak Sharma for promoting the answer!

Yes , it is mandatory to report your foreign bank accounts if your total balance(of all accounts) are over $10000 at any given time,It is a simple form and would not take more than 30 mins to complete. My tax consultant does this for me every year, but it’s pretty simple and you can do it yourself . If you fail to submit FBAR before deadline (Usually June 30) they may impose $10000 penalty per year delinquent.Also, if you are a US resident( i.e physically present in the U.S. during the year for 183 days or more.) it is required to open NRE account and convert your regular savings account to...

Just a minute detail in forensics series Dexter that I loveto share.Scenario:-Detectives in the series have a doubt that the criminal they are looking for, has driven that particular car and they look out for evidence inside that car which was dumped.Criminal thought that the detectives will have a hard time to get the DNA as he/she has clean wiped every fingerprint traces using a cloth inside the car.But our hero Dexter who is a blood spatter analyst has different plans. He is sure that while cleaning the fingerprint, the criminal would have forgot to wipe at one place inside the car - car indicator.I'll share a robbery story in house X which took place years ago.One fine noon at around 2pm, residents of that house X came out of their house with a woeful cry that someone had robbed their gold chest which had kilograms of gold.On the 4th day after the incident came to light, police cracked the mystery and found the entire missing gold.Gold hidden location : Inside the chilly box drum in the same house X.Why? A fake robbery directed perfectly by one of the 3 heir of gold- Mr.Q .Reason: The 3 siblings were having quarrel over splitting the wealth and so this drama which should have took place within the 4 walls of the house broke open to become talk of the town.2 things to be noted here…Place of gold hiddenIt was inside a chilly box as the sniffer dog is allergic to chilly and would not detect a thing near chilly.How police cracked?Someone fed the heir Mr.Q with the info that the sniffer dogs detect people who are nervous from the smell of the sweat coming from the body. (Info need not be true but he took it be true)So to avoid being detected by the sniffer dogs, he changed the dress frequently.But the thing was, it became a reason for suspicion as no one changes the dress every interval. So the attention of the police was focused on Mr.Q and it didn't take too much interrogation to get the truth out of the chilly drum along with the nuisance metal called as gold which dragged the respect of the family down to the road.Pic courtesy:-DexterFree image of Close up on a car indicator stalkRed chilly pepper pile