Encrypt Electronic signature Presentation Mobile
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FAQs
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What is the difference between a digital signature and an electronic signature in your professional opinion?
Both terms - “electronic signature” and “digital signature” - are often used interchangeably, they aren’t exactly the same. Electronic signatures could be considered virtual representations of a pen-and-paper (“wet”) signatures. Digital signatures, also called cryptographic signatures, are a type of electronic signature that’s coded and encrypted in order to prevent the impersonation of a signee, tampering, and improve security overall.The main difference is that a digital signature is mainly used to secure documents and is authorized by certification authorities while an electronic signature (e-signature, e-sign) is usually associated with a contract where the signer has got the intention to do so: Difference Between Digital Signature and Electronic SignatureE-signature helps an individual to show his agreement to the conditions and terms of an electronic service. It can also be used to confirm the identity of the message's creator. Many countries give the same legal importance and significance to e-signatures as to traditional ways of executing documents. Here are the features of some most popular tools in this area: Best E-Signature Software Reviews & Comparisons | 2019 List of Expert's ChoicesWith electronic signature tools you avoid signing digital documents by hand - which is tedious cause otherwise you need to print, sign and scan all that stuff - that’s why such tools are on the rise. If you work with such signatures often, maybe you need some simple free tool which is specialized exactly for your business tasks. It really depends on the purpose for which you need this to sign an already typed document - it is often better to use a specialized tool, like Draw Your Signature Online and Sign PDF - CreateMySignature.com (instead of a regular image editor) to streamline your business documents workflow.
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How does the Coin universal credit card work?
A Dynamically Changing Electronic Payment Card Called CoinKanishk Parashar CEO of Coin [1] developed a $50 (currently) .84 mm card that stores eight payment methods that uses a dynamic programable magnetic strip that simulates the magnetic strip of a legacy payment card. The Coin app stores an unlimited number of payment card data in an encrypted manner that can be loaded into one of the Coin card memory locations. The Coin card is a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) device and is designed to communicate between the Coin card and Coin mobile app and has about a two year battery life.Part of the payment card magnetic strip 3 track data is read in to the Coin app by way of a very familiar device that resembles the Square card reader. The cardholder swipes the card and then takes a picture of the card as a visual clue to the card that is being used. At this point the image is not used to decode the card numbers and in most cases the card numbers are unreadable. However the image may serve as a confirmation of the information found on the 3 track data received by the card swipe. There has been rumors of a license from one of the companies that has perfected the decoding of credit card images.Once the payment card(s) are recorded they can then be deployed to the Coin card via Bluetooth. The Coin card has a three line LCD display that is controlled by an integrated button that scrolls through the cards that are currently present on the Coin card. The large center line of the LCD display shows a four character display that the cardholder selects as a memorable name for a particular payment card. The nine character lower LCD line displays the first eight digits of the payment card. The top line displays the sequential number of the cards stored in the device.Coin uses 128-bit SSL to the server and 256-bit encryption on the Coin card itself.The Coin TechnologyCoin is based on Sparkfun’s Arduino Pro Mini [2] running an Amtel ATmega328 [3] MCU operating at 8MHz and external resonator with an added Bluetooth Low Energy bridge, antenna, 3 line LCD screen, a magnetic strip simulator, mechanical low profile button and coin battery. Arduino [3] is based around an open-source single-board micro controllers with software that consists of a standard programming language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the micro controller. It is a useful platform for hobbyists and rapid development and prototyping. Prototype of the original Coin card, the magnetic strip simulator is the silver foil strip at top and the copper coil induction loop at the center.Block diagram of the Sparkfun’s Arduino Pro Mini board.Early Coin Arduino Pro Mini based circuit board pin out plansCoin At The MerchantThe card holder would select the method of payment by pressing the integrated button on the Coin card until the correct simulated payment card is selected. They would present the card to the merchant and Coin would generate via the internal coil a magnetic signal that simulates the same data that was read by the payment card reader and the three tracks of data. The induction coil actully drains battery quite rapidly and thus is only activated when a sufficient megnetic field is detected at the payment card terminal.If all goes to plan the legacy or new iOS/Android payment card processing solutions should register a positive transaction.An added benefit is the Coin card is electronically leashed to the smartphone via Bluetooth and will signal the app when it detects a distance separation. Thus one would be reminded to collect the card and even find the card. Coin And The Practical And Pragmatic MerchantThus far all of this sounds quite compelling and frankly very useful for most of us. However most merchants will be very skeptical about accepting what is clearly not a Visa, MasterCard, Discover or American Express card. They also would be very challenged by the rules and guidelines that all of the payment card issuers and payment card processors present to the merchant for detecting payment card fraud in the US with cards that have magnetic strips.Standard issue Visa branded merchant security features flyer. Standard issue MasterCard branded merchant security features flyer. Standard issue American Express branded merchant security features flyer. As old fashioned as this may sound the legacy payment card has a number of very clear security elements. These elements although seeming trivial, they are really quite important and useful:The payment card logoThe hologramThe raised numbers and raised card holder nameThe signature panelThe cardholder’s signatureThe reprinting of the payment card number and the CVV2 number in the signature panelThe expiration dateThus far Coin card does not have any of these security features. This may have an impact on acceptance at some merchants. All merchants agree to examine each payment card for these minimum security features. If the payment card companies can demonstrate that these features were not examined, they could hold the merchant, even though they swiped the card, 100% fully liable for any repudiation by the cardholder that results as a chargeback. This means the merchant could face losing the full amount of the transaction plus a penalty fee that can be from $25 to hundreds of dollars. They can reject acceptance of the card and in some circumstance retain the card under the Code 10 procedure. The Code 10 merchant procedure is a process for a card that is considered suspect:CALL FOR A CODE 10 AUTHORIZATIONCall your authorization center immediately and ask for a "Code 10" if:You believe you have a counterfeit or altered card.The transaction is suspicious.The account number is listed on the warning bulletin.The signatures don't match.You become suspicious for any other reason.You will be asked a series of "yes" or "no" questions. Hold the card while the operator gives you instructions.I would not suggest using this method to pay a $500 bar tab at a Texas Country Western saloon at 2 am until this type of system is rather mainstream. Hass and the boys may not like your “funny card”.Official Rulings And New TechnologiesThus far none of the payment card companies have presented an official ruling on systems like Coin card and may or may not endorse them. Time will tell. Unofficially it is my assessment that they are watching this closely and do not want to injure innovation but at the same time want to protect cardholders and merchants.Both MasterCard and Visa have experimented in this space before, not exactly Coin but moving in this direction. There are a number of patents that surround some of the methods used:All of the payment card companies will require merchants to have payment card terminals that can accept EMV and/or wireless EMV (NFC) by the end of 2014 or the merchant will risk full chargback liability. There will also be lower rates in the future for merchants that have deployed these upgrades. Thus over the next ten years we will see the magnetic strip being slowly deemphasized. This leaves this whole concept in a bit of a limbo. I can say that I personally will invest in just about all of these devices because I think they have merit. I have purchased a Coin card as well as competing systems.Quora has a resident expert on these types of systems and the challenges they face, Chris Bartenstein of Stratos (company). I am rather certain his practical and pragmatic insights on developing systems like Coin would be quite valuable.It is also important to understand that Apple will be entering into this space in a very unique manner.I Support Innovation And The Solving Of Real ProblemsI want to make it very clear, I think that Coin has created a very compelling product and I think they are at the correct price point and they really solve at least a short term problem. It is clear by the first three hours, sell out that there is a great deal of early adopter interest. It is my hope that great and innovative ideas flourish in payments. _____[1] Coin[2] Arduino Pro Mini 328 - 3.3V/8MHz[3] ATmega328[4] Arduino
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What are the current topics for a paper presentation by an ECE student?
List of all Technical topics (ECE) in recent trend is given below :A Digital Speech Effects SynthesizerAdvanced Queue Management TechniquesAgent Mediated E-commerceAircarsAircraft GPS TrackingAmbiophonicsAn Electric BicycleLogin application in java using model view controller(mvc) and MySQL databaseAnatomy and working of search enginesAndroid a smart phone operating system by googleAnti-hiv using nano robotsApache hadoop introductionApplication of microcontroller in vehicle monitoring and security systemAqua communication using modemArtificial intelligence on expert systemsAn iPhone application for visualizing pollution mapsAnalysis of Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for Domestic Electrical appliancesAnalysis on Performance of Freeware ToolsAndroid Operating SystemAnimatronicsAntenna Analysis Using Wavelet RepresentationsAnti-Jamming wireless systemsApplication of Genetic Algorithms in Network routingApplication of LED for Domestic ApplicationsApplications of Graph Theory to Metabolic PathwaysApplications of Soft Computing in Medical Image AnalysisApplications of speech recognitionApproximate string matching for Music retrievalARQ Schemes for Wireless Data CommunicationsArtificial EyeArtificial immune system.Artificial intelligence for speech recognitionAspects of Database Security and Program SecurityAttacks on Smart CardsAugmented RealityAuthentication and securing the systemsAutomated Network Address AssignmentAutomated Software Testing of ApplicationsAutomatic Device Driver Synthesis From Device SpecificationsAutomatic sound-based user grouping for real time online forumsAutomatic Video Surveillance SystemsAutonomic ComputingAutomatic Conveyor for Industrial AutomationAttendance Monitoring Intelligent ClassroomAn Automatic Mobile Recharge StationBidirectional Power Control for hybrid vehiclesBiomolecular ComputersBiometrics IRIS techniqueBio sensors (photonics)BiochipsBio-Medical Instrumentation and Signal analysisBiometric SecurityBiometric TechnologyBiometrics Based AuthenticationBio-Molecular ComputingBionic eye possible path toward artificial retinaUltrasonic Based Distance Measurement SystemWireless Advanced Flight Systems Aircraft Monitoring SystemBlade ServersBlue GeneBlue sat Communications ProtocolBlue-sat Radio Switching CircuitBluetooth Based Smart Sensor NetworksBrain computer interfaceBiomass gasifier for thermal and electrical applicationsBittorrent a revolution in p2p technologyBlue brainBlue eyes technologyBrain controlled car for disabled using artificial intelligenceBrain gateBrain port deviceBrain Finger Print TechnologyBrian Gate TechnologyBroadband via satellite to Rural AreasCapability Maturity Model Programming (CMM)Capacity of Ad-hoc Wireless NetworksVehicle Speed Sensing and Smoke Detecting SystemIntelligent Fire Sprinkler SystemCapturing packets in secured networksCarbon nano tube electronicsCDMA Wireless Data TransmitterCellular CommunicationsCellular Digital Packet DataCellular Neural NetworkCellular technologies and securityCarbon nanotubesChallenges in mobile ad hoc networks (manets)Cloud computingCloud computing concepts and designCensoring private information from network packet tracesChannel Allocation Algorithms for Mobile TelephonyGSM based Advanced Wireless Earthquake Alarm System for early warningIntelligent Wireless Talking Bus StopChannel Coding and Decoding for Mobile CommunicationsChannel Estimation in MIMO SystemsCharacterization of Piezoelectric ElementsChess AlgorithmChoreographyAqua communication using modemCircuit and safety analysis systemClassification, Clustering and Application in Intrusion Detection SystemClassification, Clustering and their Application for Damage Detection in MechanicalClustering Enterprise JavaCoding in high noise environmentsCold fusionCollaborative Mobile EnvironmentsCombined Input Output Queued SwitchesCompact peripheral component interconnect (CPCI)Compliers and its workingCompression and distribution of volumetric data setsComputational Geometry in Drug DesignComputational Intelligence and LinguisticsComputational neuroscienceComputational PhotographyComputer ForensicsComputer Viruses(Malwares, Trojons, Spywares)Computerized Paper Evaluation using Neural NetworkConcurrent Programming and Parallel distributed O.S.Condition Monitoring of Power System EquipmentConditional Access SystemContent Management Systems(WordPress, Joomla, Drupal etc)Continuously variable transmission (CVT)Control & Signal Processing Techniques in Financial EngineeringControl and Optimization Methods in Communication NetworksControl of a 3-d overhead craneControl of heterogeneous networksControl System Wireless InterfaceControlled multimedia recording environment for lectures and 3D.Controller design for a helicopter modelCooperative Adaptive Cruise ControlCross Platform Component Object ModelCrusoe ProcessorCryogenic ProcessorCryptography and N/W securityCryptovirologyCSS and DeCSSCT scanningCyber terrorismDeploying a wireless sensor network on an active volcanoDigital jewelryData Mining for Condition Monitoring of Power System EquipmentData mining through Active LearningDynamic Car Parking Negotiation and Guidance Using An Agent-Based PlatformGSM Real Time Street Light Control SystemsData over Cable System (DOCSIS)Data Pre ProcessingData Security in Local Network using Distributed FirewallsData ware hosuing & miningDatagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)Dataset Query algorithms in Streaming MiningDelay-Tolerant NetworksDense wavelength division multiplexingDesign and development of a programmable alarm systemDesign of a wireless sensor board for measuring air pollutionDesign of Amplifier for recording of Nerve SignalsDesign of an all Electric Steering WheelDesign of diamond-based Photonics devicesDesign of IC Amplifiers for touch SensorsDesign of Low Density Parity Check CodesDetermination of efficiency of the Permanent Magnet MotorsDeveloping a own server systemDevelopment and Control of Humanoid robotDevelopment of a Broadband Tunable Fiber LaserDevelopment of a New Sensor for Detecting Partial Discharge Induced PressureDevelopment of a wind-turbine simulatorDevelopment of new sensors for online monitoring of partial dischargesDigit recognition using neural networkDigital Audio BroadcastingDigital Audio Effects Control by AccelerometryDigital Camera Calibration and Inversion for Stereo iCinemaDigital Neurons for Digital BrainsDigital Signal Processing and their applicationsDigital silhouettesDigital theatre systemDirect to home television (DTH)Direct Torque and Flux Control of IPMSMDistance learning systemsDomain name servers [DNS]Driving Optical Network EvolutionDual Energy X-ray AbsorptiometryDynamic Cache Management TechniqueDynamic Memory Allocation(malloc, calloc, NEW etc)Dynamic resource allocation in Grid ComputingDynamic source routing protocolDynamic Virtual Private NetworkEarth Simulator- Fastest SupercomputerEffects of large scale integration of PV systems on the distribution networkEfficiency / Comparative study of routing schemes in event based systemsElectromagnetic Applications for Mobile and Satellite CommunicationsElectromagnetic launching systemElectromagnetic processor fabricationElectronic nose & its applicationElliptical Curve Cryptography(ECC)Embedded Configurable Operating systemEmbedded system in automobilesEmbedded systems and VLSI an architectural approach to reduce leakage energy in memoryEmbedded web server for remote accessEmbryonics approach towards integrated circuitsEmergency Health Care SystemEmerging trends in robotics using neural networksE-MINE: A novel web mining approachEncrypted Hard disksEncrypted Text chat Using BluetoothEncryption Decryption MethodsEnergy-efficiency and Layer Integration in Wireless NetworksEnterprise SecurityEqualization of room acoustics for audio reproductionEthernet Passive Optical NetworkE-Toll tax fixingEvolution Of Embedded SystemeXtensible Bindings Language (XBL )Electronic waste (e-waste)Embedded web server for industrial automationEyegaze systemFuel saver systemGoogle autonomous carFeatures of Qualcomm Snapdragon processorGuarding distribution automation system against cyber attacksFace detection technologyFacility Layout Design using Genetic AlgorithmFalls detection using accelerometry and barometric pressureFast Convergence Algorithms for Active Noise Controlling VehiclesFault Tolerance in Virtual Machine EnvironmentsFault tolerant Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc NetworkFerroelectric RAMFine Grained DataBase SecurityFine-grained Access Control in DatabasesFingerprint recognition system by neural networksFinite Element Interface (FEI)Flexible CRT DisplaysFluorescent Multilayer Disc (FMD)Fluorescent Multilayer Optical Data StorageForecasting Wind PowerFractal image compressionFractal robotsFree Space Laser Communicationsfully digital class-D amplifiersFully Integrated Amp-Meter for Electrical SimulatorsFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingFuture of the internetFuture Programming Techniques and ConceptsFuzzified Computer-Automated Crane Control SystemFuzzy Logic Control for complex systemsGaming interfaces applied to videoconferencingGeneral Packet Radio Service (GPRS)Generic visual perception processorGeographic information systemGeometric Invariants in Biological MoleculesGIS tools for web applicationsGlobal positioning response systemGSM Digital Security Systems for PrinterVoice Operated Intelligent Fire Extinguisher VehicleGlobal Positioning SystemGlobal System for Mobile Communication (GSM)Google Android- Mobile OS from GoogleGrasshopper Operating SystemGroupware TechnologyGSM Security And EncryptionHandfree driving [auto]Hardware EDAC for Harsh EnvironmentsHardware implementation of background image modelingHAVI: Home Audio Video InteroperabilityHawk Eye – A Technology in sportsHigh Altitude Aeronautical PlatformsHigh Performance ClustersHigh Performance ComputingHigh Performance DSP ArchitecturesHigh Speed Circuits for optical InterconnectHigh Speed Data in Mobile NetworksHigh speed LANs or InternetHolographic Data StorageHolographic MemoryHolographic Versatile DiscHolt-Winters technique for Financial ForecastingHomeRF and Bluetooth: A wireless data communications revolutionHot Spot TechnologyHyper thread imaxHyper thread technologyHyper Transport TechnologyHow does a search engine work ??How does google search engine work ??How to create a website using wordpressHuman computer interaction & its futureDesign of a color Sensing System for Textile IndustriesGSM based Path Planning for Blind Person Using UltrasonicImage retrieval using compact binary signaturesVehicle Monitoring and Security SystemImbricate cryptographyImplementation of hamming codeIntroduction to microcontrollersIntroduction to AirfoilIntrusion detection and avoidance systemIC Amplifier Design for Touch SensorsImage transmission over WiMax SystemsImage WatermarkingImplantable on-chip Power SuppliesImproving TCP performance over mobile ad hoc networksIndustrial Applications using Neural NetworksInformation Extraction from structured & Semi-structured dataInformation Extraction modes & techniquesInfrared Remote ControlInnovative Application Development using J2EE ArchitectureIntegrated Circuit Design for Biomedical ApplicationsIntegrated Optical Chip DesignIntegrated Voice and Data transfer & handlingIntegrating Structural Design and Formal Methods in Real Time System DesignIntegrating Wind Power into the Electricity gridIntegration of Parallel Database in a Service Oriented ArchitectureIntegration of wind and solar energy in smart mini gridIntel centrino mobile technologyIntelligent calling bellIntelligent navigation systemIntelligent Patient Monitoring SystemIntelligent RAM : IRAMIntelligent Software AgentsInteractive Voice Response SystemInternet Access via Cable TV NetworkInternet architecture and routingInternet Protocol duplicate address detection and adaptationIntrusion Detection SystemInvestigation into solar thermal/coal driven power stationsInvestigation of the real-time implementation of learning controllersIP spoofingIP re-director featuresiOS 8 featuresIPODSIris ScanningiSCSI: The future of Network StorageISO Loop magnetic couplersJava Cryptography Architecture (JCA)Java Messaging Service (JMS)Enterprise Messaging Service (EMS)Advantages of EMS over JMSJava BeansJIRO Java-based technologyLaser Power SupplyJmeter toolGEMS tool for EMSLess characterization of ferromagnetic material for non-sinusoidal excitationLight emitting polymersLoad balancing and Fault tolerant serversLight Interception Image AnalysisLight TreeLightning Protection Using LFAMLiquid Crystal on Silicon Display (LCOS)Location estimation and trajectory prediction for PCS networksLong baseline motion estimationLotus Notes/DominoLow power filter design for mobile communicationLow Power UART Design for Serial Data CommunicationLow-Power Microelectronics for Biomedical ImplantsLow-Power Oscillator for ImplantsMagnetic Random Access MemoryManaging Data In Multimedia ConferencingMango- new mobile from MicrosoftMicro chip production using extreme uv lithographyMicrosoft NetMeetingMigration from GSM network to GPRSMining the Web: Searching, Integration and DiscoveryMobile Virtual Reality ServiceMobility Modeling and trajectory prediction for next generation PCS networksModeling of current spread through electrode geometries in implantable hearing deviceModeling of wind turbine system for an Interior Permanent magnet generatorMoletronics- an invisible technologyPower generation through Thermoelectric generatorsMulti Protocol Label SwitchingMulti user Scheduling for MIMO broadcastingMultiple clients communicationMultiple Domain OrientationMultisensor Fusion and IntegrationNeuro chipsParasitic computingPassword paradigmsPolymer memory a new way of using plastic as secondary storageProgrammable logic devices (PLD)Navigation of Mobile Wheeled RobotsNerve Signal Measurement Electronics for Biomedical ImplantsNetwork Attached Storage (NAS)Non Volatile Static RAMOptical coherence tomographyOptical to electrical converter for optical interconnectOptimization of Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor NetworksOptimization of Protocol Stack for wireless networksOracle RDBMSOutdoor High Voltage InsulatorsOvonic Unified MemoryPersonal Satellite assistant SystemsPH Control Technique using Fuzzy LogicPhone Busy IndicatorPivot Vector Space Approach in Audio-Video MixingPlastic chips & electronicsPluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)POF Tunable Fiber LaserPOP Plaster Of ParisPower Efficiency and Security in Smart HomesProactive Anomaly DetectionPrototype System Design for TelemedicinePublic Key Encryption and Digital SignatureQoS in Cellular Networks Based on MPTQoS in Networking using active NetworksQOS in software server FirewallsQuad-Core ProcessorsRadio Frequency Identification (RFID)Real time communication in wireless sensor networksReal Time Operating Systems on Embedded ICsReal Time Speech TranslationReal Time Systems with Linux/RTAIReliable and Fault Tolerant Routing on Mobile Ad Hoc NetworkRenovating the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)Revolutions in the Operating System and ServersRobotic SurgeryRoom Equalization for Audio ReproductionRuby on Rails [RoR]Radio frequency identification technologyRapid prototypingSecured webportal for online shoppingSecuring underwater wireless communication networksSecurity analysis of micropayment systemSecurity aspects in mobile ad hoc network (manets)Security requirements in wireless sensor networksSemantic webSensitive skinSnake robot the future of agile motionSoftware defined radio(sdr)Spwm technique for multilevel inverterStorage area network(SAN)SwitchgrassSystem on chipSALT (Speech Application Language Tags)Sand Box TechnologySecurity of Open-Source SoftwareSecurity On Wireless LAN Adaptive cruise controlSecurity threats in the World Wide WebSensor fusion for video surveillanceSensors on 3D DigitizationSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)Shallow water Acoustic NetworksShort Message Service (SMS)Significance of real-time transport Protocol in VOIPSimulating Quantum CryptographySimulation of low-power converter for electromagnetic vibration driven generatorSingle photon emission computed tomographySmart camera for traffic surveillanceSmart Cameras in Embedded SystemsSmart FabricsSnickometer A toolSocket ProgrammingSoftware advances in wireless communication(Cognitive Radio, Dynamic spectrum Access etc. )Software Testing & Quality AssuranceSpace MouseSpace RoboticsSpectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio NetworksSpeech Enhancement for Cochlear ImplantsSpeech Enhancement for Mobile ApplicationsSpeech transmission over WiMax systemsSpeed Detection of moving vehicle using speed camerasSPINS -Security Protocol For Sensor NetworkSplit Range SynchronizationStealth VirusSurface-conduction Electron-emitter Display (SED)Swarm intelligence & traffic SafetySynchronous Optical NetworkingSynthetic Aperture Radar SystemSystems Control for Tactical Missile GuidanceTesting methods (Stress, Black-Box, White-Box, Performance Testing etc )The Architecture of a Moletronics ComputerThe Tiger SHARC processorThermal infrared imaging technologyThought Translation Device (TTD)Time Shared O.S.Tracking and Positioning of Mobiles in TelecommunicationTrends in Compiler ConstructionThree-dimensional password for more secure authenticationUltrasonic motorWearable biosensorsWeb-miningTraffic Light Control SystemMulti-Channel Infra Red Remote ControlMagic lightsZigbee Based Wireless Sensor Network for Sewerage MonitoringWireless integrated network sensorsUbiquitous NetworkingUltra Low-Power Microphone Pre-AmplifierUltra Low-Power Radio Receiver for Biomedical ApplicationsUltrasonic detector for monitoring partial dischargeUltra-Wideband CommunicationUMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access )Vector – LDPC Codes for 3G Fading ChannelsVirtual SurgeryWideband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio SystemsWireless Computer Communications Using Sound WavesLink available for getting details about some topic. You can search internet for getting details about the remaining topics.Hope this helps you :)
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How does e-voting work in Estonia?
Those who have card readers at home (to be used with ID-cards) or mobile ID (used, among other things, for bank payments) will log in using their ID to a designated website, pick a candidate, click a few mouse clicks, and done.To ensure anonymity of voting, the hardware used for particular elections will then be publicly destroyed after the votes are counted (the electronic votes are normally taken some days before the physical votes, which sort of gives away some voting tendencies in advance). Still, it doesn’t stop the public from ever wondering each time elections come up about the anonymity and possible abuse of the system. Cases have been known where some heads of households would gather all ID cards of the family (especially old grandparents) and vote for whomever they chose.In recent elections, about 30 per cent of all active voters voted electronically. I know some people who never use this option for fear that records may remain. I personally fluctuate between voting electronically (“Meh, too lazy to go outside today”) and physically (“Elections day, come on family, time to do our citizen duty and have a nice walk!”).Update: just received my new ID card this week, and the envelope with the card reminds me when the next elections happen and encourages me not to waste my vote.
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What are the laws - Data Protection, Data Transmission and Export and Data Encryption in India to operate a technology platform
The Information Technology Act, 2000 came into force on 17.10.2000 vide G.S.R No. 788(E) dated 17.10.2000 and for the first time, a legal definition of “Computer”, “Data”, “electronic record”, “Information” et al were provided. The said Act gave a legal recognition to the electronic records and digital signatures and in Chapter IX thereof provided for penalty and adjudication. Section 43 of the Act interalia provided that in case of unauthorised access, download or copying or damage to data etc, the person responsible shall be liable to pay damages by way of compensation not exceeding one crore rupees to the person affected.Apart from civil liability provided under Section 43, Chapter XI (Sections 63 to 78) of the Act of 2000 provided for criminal liability in cases of Tampering, Hacking, publishing or transmitting obscene material, misrepresentation etc. Apart from the same, Section 72 of the Act provided for penalty in case of bsignNow of confidentiality and privacy and laid that in case any person who has secured access to any electronic record, Data or information, discloses the same to any other person without obtaining the consent of the person concerned, he shall be punished with imprisonment upto two years or with fine upto Rupees one lakh or with both.However, the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 were not adequate and the need for more stringent data protection measures were felt, the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 was enacted which came into force on 27.10.2009. The said Amendment Act brought in the concepts like cyber security in the statute book and widened the scope of digital signatures by replacing the words “electronic signature”. The amendment act also provided for secure electronic signatures and enjoined the central government to prescribe security procedures and practices for securing electronic records and signatures (Sections 15-16) The amendment Act also removed the cap of Rupees One Crore as earlier provided under Section 43 for damage to computer and computer systems and for unauthorised downloading/ copying of data. The said Amendment Act also introduced Section 43A which provides for compensation to be paid in case a body corporate fails to protect the data. Section 46 of the Act prescribes that the person affected has to approach the adjudicating officer appointed under Section 46 of the Act in case the claim for injury or damage does not exceed Rupees Five crores and the civil court in case, the claim exceeds Rupees Five crores. The amendment act also brought/ introduced several new provisions which provide for offenses such as identity theft, receiving stolen computer resource/ device, cheating, violation of privacy, cyber terrorism, pornography (Section 66A-F & 67A-C). The amendment act also brought in provisions directing intermediaries to protect the data/information and penalty has been prescribed for disclosure of information of information in bsignNow of lawful contract (Section 72A)With the enactment of the Amendment Act of 2008, India for the first time got statutory provisions dealing with data protection. However, as the ingredients of “sensitive personal data and information” as well as the “reasonable security practices and procedures” were yet to be prescribed by the Central Government, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology vide Notification No. GSR 313 (E) dated 11th April 2011 made the Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information ) Rules, 2011 (the said rules). Rule 3 of the said rules defines personal sensitive data or information and provides that the same may include information relating to password, financial information such as bank account or credit card details, health condition, medical records etc. Rule 4 enjoins every body corporate which receives or deals with information to provide a privacy policy. Rule 5 prescribes that every body corporate shall obtain consent in writing from the provider of the sensitive information regarding purpose of usage before collection of such information and such body corporate will not collect such information unless it is collected for a lawful purpose connected with the function or activity of such body corporate and collection of such information or data is necessary and once such data is collected, it shall not be retained for a period longer than what is required. Rule 6 provides that disclosure of the information to any third party shall require prior permission from the provider unless such disclosure has been agreed to in the contract between the body corporate and the provider or where the disclosure is necessary for compliance of a legal obligation. The Body corporate has been barred to publish sensitive information and the third parties receiving such information have been barred to disclose it further. Rule 7 lays down that the body corporate may transfer such information to any other body corporate or person in India or outside, that ensure the same level of data protection and such transfer will be allowed only if it is necessary for performance of lawful contract between the body corporate and provider of information or where the provider has consented for data transfer. Rule 8 of the said rules further provide reasonable security practises and procedures and lays down that international standard IS/ISO/IEC 27001 on “Information Technology- Security Techniques- Information Security Management System- requirements “ would be one such standard.The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology further issued a press note dated 24th August 2011 and clarified that the said rules are applicable to the body corporate or any person located within India. The press note further provides that any body corporate providing services relating to collection or handling of sensitive personal data or information under contractual obligation with any other legal entity located within India or outside is not subject to requirements of Rules 5 &6 as mentioned hereinabove. A body corporate providing services to the provider of information under a contractual obligation directly with them however has to comply with Rules 5 &6. The said press note also clarifies that privacy policy mentioned in Rule 4 relates to the body corporate and is not with respect to any particular obligation under the contract. The press note at the end provides that the consent mentioned in Rule 5 includes consent given by any mode of electronic communication.Data Protection relates to issues relating to the collection, storage, accuracy and use of data provided by net users in the use of the World Wide Web. Visitors to any website want their privacy rights to be respected when they engage in e-Commerce. It is part of the confidence-creating role that successful e-Commerce businesses have to convey to the consumer. If industry doesn't make sure it's guarding the privacy of the data it collects, it will be the responsibility of the government and it's their obligation to enact legislation.Any transaction between two or more parties involves an exchange of essential information between the parties. Technological developments have enabled transactions by electronic means. Any such information/data collected by the parties should be used only for the specific purposes for which they were collected. The need arose, to create rights for those who have their data stored and create responsibilities for those who collect, store and process such data. The law relating to the creation of such rights and responsibilities may be referred to as ‘data protection’ law.The world’s first computer specific statute was enacted in the form of a Data Protection Act, in the German state of Hesse, in 1970.The misuse of records under the Nazi regime had raised concerns among the public about the use of computers to store and process large amounts of personal data.The Data Protection Act sought to heal such memories of misuse of information. A different rationale for the introduction of data protection legislation can be seen in the case of Sweden which introduced the first national statute in 1973.Here, data protection was seen as fitting naturally into a two hundred year old system of freedom of information with the concept of subject access (such a right allows an individual to find out what information is held about him) being identified as one of the most important aspects of the legislation.In 1995, the European Union adopted its Directive (95/46/EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (hereinafter, the Directive), establishing a detailed privacy regulatory structure. The Directive is specific on the requirements for the transfer of data. It sets down the principles regarding the transfer of data to third countries and states that personal data of EU nationals cannot be sent to countries that do not meet the EU “adequacy” standards with respect to privacy.In order to meet the EU “adequacy” standards, US developed a ‘Safe Harbour’ framework, according to which the US Department of Commerce would maintain a list of US companies that have self-certified to the safe harbor framework. An EU organization can ensure that it is sending information to a U.S. organization participating in the safe harbor by viewing the public list of safe harbor organizations posted on the official website.Data protection has emerged as an important reaction to the development of information technology. In India data protection is covered under the Information Technology Act, 2000 (hereinafter, the Act). The Act defines ‘data’ as, “‘data’ means a representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts or instructions which are being prepared or have been prepared in a formalized manner, and is intended to be processed, is being processed or has been processed in a computer system or computer network, and may be in any form (including computer printouts magnetic or optical storage media, punched cards, punched tapes) or stored internally in the memory of the computer”. Protection of such data and privacy are covered under specific provisions in the Act. In the recent past, the need for data protection laws has been felt to cater to various needs. The following analyses the position of data protection law with respect to some of the needs.Data Protection Law In Respect of Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES)India started liberalizing its economy in the 1990’s and since then a huge upsurge in the IT business process outsourcing may be witnessed. Financial, educational, legal, marketing, healthcare, telecommunication, banking etc are only some of the services being outsourced into India. This upsurge of outsourcing of ITES into India in the recent past may be attributed to the large English-speaking unemployed populace, cheap labour, enterprising and hardworking nature of the people etc. Statistics have shown that the outsourcing industry is one of the biggest sources of employment. In a span of four years, the number of people working in call centers in the country supporting international industries has risen from 42,000 to 3,50,000. Exports were worth $5.2 billion in 2004-2005 and are expected to grow over 40% this fiscal year. US is currently the biggest investor in Indian ITES, taking advantage of cheap labour costs. Statistics indicate that software engineers with two-years experience in India are being paid about 1/5th of an equivalent US employee.Concerns about adequacy of lawBPO FraudsWith globalization and increasing BPO industry in India, protection of data warrants legislation. There are reasons for this. Every individual consumer of the BPO Industry would expect different levels of privacy from the employees who handle personal data. But there have been situations in the recent past where employees or systems have given away the personal information of customers to third parties without prior consent. So other countries providing BPO business to India expect the Indian government and BPO organizations to take measures for data protection. Countries with data protection law have guidelines that call for data protection law in the country with whom they are transacting.For instance, in, the European Union countries according to the latest guidelines, they will cease to part with data, which are considered the subject matter of protection to any third country unless such other country has a similar law on data protection. One of the essential features of any data protection law would be to prevent the flow of data to non-complying countries and such a provision when implemented may result in a loss of "Data Processing" business to some of the Indian companies.In the recent past, concerns have been raised both within the country as well as by customers abroad regarding the adequacy of data protection and privacy laws in the country. A few incidents have questioned the Indian data protection and privacy standards and have left the outsourcing industry embarrassed. In June 2005, ‘The Sun’ newspaper claimed that one of its journalists bought personal details including passwords, addresses and passport data from a Delhi IT worker for £4.25 each. Earlier BPO frauds in India include New York-based Citibank accounts being looted from a BPO in Pune and a call-center employee in Bangalore peddling credit card information to fraudsters who stole US$398,000 from British bank accounts.UK's Channel 4 TV station ran broadcast footage of a sting operation exposing middlemen hawking the financial data of 200,000 UK citizens. The documentary has prompted Britain's Information Commissioner's Office to examine the security of personal financial data at Indian call centers.In the absence of data protection laws, the kind of work that would be outsourced to India in the future would be limited. The effect of this can be very well seen in the health-care BPO business, which is estimated to be worth close to $45 billion. Lack of data protection laws have left Indian BPO outfits still stagnating in the lower end of the value chain, doing work like billing, insurance claims processing and of course transcription. Besides healthcare, players in the retail financial sector are also affected. Financial offshoring from banks is limited because of statutory compliance requirements and data privacy laws protecting sensitive financial information in accounts. In the Human Resource (HR) domain, there are many restrictions on sharing of personal information. In the medical domain, patient history needs to be protected. In credit card transactions, identity theft could be an issue and needs to be protected. Companies in the banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) sector and healthcare have excluded applications/processes which use sensitive information from their portfolio for offshoring till they are comfortable about the data protection laws prevalent in the supplier country.Since there is lack of data protection laws in India, Indian BPO outfits are trying to deal with the issue by attempting to adhere to major US and European regulations. MNCs have to comply with foreign Regulations so that they don’t lose on their international partners. There are problems involved in this. Efforts by individual companies may not count for much if companies rule out India as a BPO destination in the first place in the absence of data protection law.Today, the largest portion of BPO work coming to India is low-end call centre and data processing work. If India has to exploit the full potential of the outsourcing opportunity, then we have to move up the value chain. Outsourced work in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)-intensive areas such as clinical research, engineering design and legal research is the way ahead for Indian BPO companies. The move up the value chain cannot happen without stringent laws. Further, weak laws would act as deterrents for FDI, global business and the establishment of research and development parks in the pharmaceutical industry.Looking to the above scenario, we can say that for India to achieve heights in BPO industry stringent laws for data protection and intellectual property rights have to be made. . Thus, a law on data protection on India must address the following Constitutional issues on a "priority basis" before any statutory enactment procedure is set into motion:(1) Privacy rights of interested persons in real space and cyber space.(2) Mandates of freedom of information U/A 19 (1) (a).(3) Mandates of right to know of people at large U/A 21.Once the data protection rules are enforced in India, companies outsourcing to India are unlikely to dismantle the systems they have in place straightaway, and move data more freely to India. Hence ,the need for data protection laws would win over the confidence of international business partners; protect abuse of information; protection of privacy and personal rights of individuals would be ensured; there would be more FDI inflows, global business and the establishment of research and development parks in the pharmaceutical industry & impetus to the sector of e-Commerce at national and international levels would be provided.Data protection law in India (Present status):-Data Protection law in India is included in the Act under specific provisions. Both civil and criminal liabilities are imposed for violation of data protection.(1) Section 43 deals with penalties for damage to computer, computer system etc.(2) Section 65 deals with tampering with computer source documents.(3) Section 66 deals with hacking with computer system.(4) Section 72 deals with penalty for bsignNow of confidentiality and privacy. Call centers can be included in the definition of ‘intermediary’and a ‘network service provider’ and can be penalized under this section.These developments have put the Indian government under pressure to enact more stringent data protection laws in the country in order to protect the lucrative Indian outsourcing industry. In order to use IT as a tool for socio-economic development, employment generation and to consolidate India’s position as a major player in the IT sector,amendments to the IT Act, 2000 have been approved by the cabinet and are due to be tabled in the winter session of the Parliament.Proposed amendments:-The amendments relate to the following[22]:(i) Proposal at Sec. 43 (2) related to handling of sensitive personal data or information with reasonable security practices and procedures.(ii) Gradation of severity of computer related offences under Section 66, committed dishonestly or fraudulently and punishment thereof.(iii) Proposed additional Section 72 (2) for bsignNow of confidentiality with intent to cause injury to a subscriber.It is hoped that these amendments will strengthen the law to suffice the need.Data Protection Laws In Order To Invite ‘Data Controllers’.There has been a strong opinion that if India strengthens its data protection law, it can attract multi-national corporations to India. India can be home to such corporations than a mere supplier of services.In fact, there is an argument that the EU’s data protection law is sufficient to protect the privacy of its people and thus lack of strong protection under Indian law is not a hindrance to the outsourcing industry. To enumerate, consider a company established in EU (called the ‘data controller’) and the supplier of call center services (‘data processor’) in India. If the data processor makes any mistake in the processing of personal data or there are instances of data theft, then the data controller in the EU can be made liable for the consequences. The Indian data processor is not in control of personal data and can only process data under the instructions of the data controller. Thus if a person in EU wants to exercise rights of access and retrieve personal data, the data controller has to retrieve it from the data processor, irrespective of where the data processor is located. Thus a strong data protection law is needed not only to reinforce the image of the Indian outsourcing industry but also to invite multi-national corporations to establish their corporate offices here.Data Protection And TelemarketingIndia is faced with a new phenomenon-telemarketing. This is facilitated, to a large extent, by the widespread use of mobile telephones. Telemarketing executives, now said to be available for as low as US $70 per month, process information about individuals for direct marketing. This interrupts the peace of an individual and conduct of work. There is a violation of privacy caused by such calls who, on behalf of banks, mobile phone companies, financial institutions etc. offer various schemes. The right to privacy has been read into Article 21, Constitution of India, but this has not afforded enough protection. A PIL against several banks and mobile phone service providers is pending before the Supreme Court alleging inter alia that the right to privacy has been infringed.The EC Directive confers certain rights on the people and this includes the right to prevent processing for direct marketing. Thus, a data controller is required not to process information about individuals for direct marketing if an individual asks them not to. So individuals have the right to stop unwanted marketing offers. It would be highly beneficial that data protection law in India also includes such a right to prevent unsolicited marketing offers and protect the privacy of the people.Data Protection With Regard To Governance And PeopleThe Preamble to the Act specifies that, the IT Act 2000, inter alia, will facilitate electronic filing of documents with the Government agencies. It seeks to promote efficient delivery of Government services by means of reliable electronic records. Stringent data protection laws will thus help the Government to protect the interests of its people.Data protection law is necessary to provide protection to the privacy rights of people and to hold cyber criminals responsible for their wrongful acts. Data protection law is not about keeping personal information secret. It is about creating a trusted framework for collection, exchange and use of personal data in commercial and governmental contexts. It is to permit and facilitate the commercial and governmental use of personal data.The Data Security Council of India (DSCI) and Department of Information Technology(DIT) must also rejuvenate its efforts in this regard on the similar lines. However, the best solution can come from good legislative provisions along with suitable public and employee awareness. It is high time that we must pay attention to Data Security in India. Cyber Security in India is missing and the same requires rejuvenation. When even PMO's cyber security is compromised for many months we must at least now wake up. Data bsignNowes and cyber crimes in India cannot be reduced until we make strong cyber laws. We cannot do so by mere declaring a cat as a tiger. Cyber law of India must also be supported by sound cyber security and effective cyber forensics.Indian companies in the IT and BPO sectors handle and have access to all kinds of sensitive and personal data of individuals across the world, including their credit card details, financial information and even their medical history. These Companies store confidential data and information in electronic form and this could be vulnerable in the hands of their employees. It is often misused by unsurplous elements among them. There have been instances of security bsignNowes and data leakages in high profile Indian companies. The recent incidents of data thefts in the BPO industry have raised concerns about data privacy.There is no express legislation in India dealing with data protection. Although the Personal Data Protection Bill was introduced in Parliament in 2006, it is yet to see the light of day. The bill seems to proceed on the general framework of the European Union Data Privacy Directive, 1996. It follows a comprehensive model with the bill aiming to govern the collection, processing and distribution of personal data. It is important to note that the applicability of the bill is limited to ‘personal data’ as defined in Clause 2 of the bill.The bill applies both to government as well as private enterprises engaged in data functions. There is a provision for the appointment of, “Data Controllers”, who have general superintendence and adjudicatory jurisdiction over subjects covered by the bill. It also provides that penal sanctions may be imposed on offenders in addition to compensation for damages to victims.The stringency of data protection law, whether the prevailing law will suffice such needs, whether the proposed amendments are a welcome measure, whether India needs a separate legislation for data protection etc are questions which require an in-depth analysis of the prevailing circumstances and a comparative study with laws of other countries. There is no consensus among the experts regarding these issues. These issues are not in the purview of this write-up. But there can be no doubt about the importance of data protection law in the contemporary IT scenario and are not disputable.
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What are the topics in which questions are likely to be asked when it comes to banking awareness for competitive examinations co
IBPS/SBI/RRB examinations– Banking and financial awarenessChecklist for study preparation01Indian financial system – Financial intermediaries; Money market; Capital market; Financial assets;02Reserve Bank of India – History, Role and functions of Reserve Bank of India; Traditional functions; Development functions; Regulatory functions;03Banking history – Origin of banks - Nationalised banks first stage; Nationalised banks second stage; Old private sector banks; New private sector banks; SBI group banks; Foreign banks; Bank headquarters; Regional Rural Banks;04Types of banks – Savings bank; Commercial bank; Industrial bank; Development bank; Land development bank; Central bank;05Functions of commercial banks – Primary functions; Secondary functions; Agency functions; General utility functions; Social development functions;06Bank – Functional hierarchy; Positional hierarchy; Universal bank; Narrow bank; Islamic bank; Small bank; Payment bank; Banks-taglines; Banks-ranking;07Cooperative banks – Categories;08Types of customers – Individuals; Joint accounts; Minors; Illiterate; Blind; Pardanashin women; Hindu Undivided family; Clubs; Trusts; Charitable Institutions; Associations; Proprietorship firm; Partnership firm; Private and Public Limited companies09Types of deposits – Demand deposits; Savings and Current; Term deposits; Fixed, Recurring and Reinvestment deposits;10Non resident Indians – Persons of Indian origin; Resident Indians; Non resident accounts; Non resident external; Non resident ordinary; FCNR and RFC accounts; EEFC account; Escrow account;11KYC guidelines- Foreign Inward remittances; KYC- Categories of customers; Low risk; Medium risk and High risk;12Negotiable Instruments act 1881 – Negotiable instruments; Non negotiable instruments; Semi negotiable instruments;13Cheques – Parties to a cheque; Types of cheques; Reasons for cheque return; Crossing of cheques; MICR code; IFSC code; Cheque truncation system; Clearing house; RTGS remittance; NEFT remittance14Demand draft – Parties to a demand draft; Issue of duplicate demand draft; Difference between cheque and draft;15Negotiable Instruments - Bill of exchange; Promissory Note; Hundies;16Banker-customer relationships – Mortgage; Hypothecation; Pledge; Assignment; Bailment; Agency;17Currency note issue – Management of currency; Notes in circulation; Coins in circulation;18Electronic banking- Services; Benefits; Types of automated teller machines; Debit card; Credit card; Smart card; Core banking solution; Cheque truncation system;19Rights of customers – Various rights; Risks faced by commercial banks;20Important terms – Cash reserve ratio; Statutory liquidity ratio; Bank rate; Base rate; Marginal standing facility; Repo rate; Reverse repo rate;21Non Banking Finance Companies – Categories;22Insurance – Types of insurance; Life insurance products; Specific principles of insurance; Mutual fund products;23Agriculture – Functions of NABARD; Direct agriculture; Indirect agriculture; Culture and revolution; Types of farmers; Agriculture labourers;2425Categories of loans – Types of securities; Priority sector advances; Weaker section advances; Non Performing assets; Consortium Lending; Syndication credit;26Types of various accounts – Nostro account; Vostro account; Loro account; Suspense account; Call deposit; Margin account; No frill accounts; Senior citizen deposit account; Checking account; Bank trust custodial account; Official settlement account;27Foreign exchange – FERA; FEMA; Authorised persons; Notional rates; Foreign exchange selling and buying rates;28Forex terms – Import and export code; DGFT; Packing credit; Opinion letter; Packing credit; Payment under reserve; Delinking;29Capital market – Primary market; Secondary market; Shares; Debentures; Demat account; Depository; Stock exchanges; IPO; ASBA account; Stock exchanges; SENSEX; NIFTY; Market capitalization; Book value; Above par; Below par; Green shoe option; Red herring prospectus; Float; Outstanding capital; Earnings per share30Financial statements – Balance sheet; Profit and loss account; Categories of capital; Categories of reserves; Gross block; Net block; Intangible assets; Non current assets; Current assets; Current liabilities; Sources and uses of funds; Ratios – Current ratio; Gross profit ratio; Quick ratio; Debt equity ratio; PBDIT; Net worth; Tangible net worth; Sundry debtors; Sundry creditors;31Retail banking- Retail deposits; Retail loans; Retail services;32Wholesale banking – Fund based services; Non fund based services; Value added services; Retail Banking services; Needs of exporters; Needs of importers; Remittance services;3334Reserve Bank of India – The past and present Governors;35Various committees36Money market instruments – Call money; Notice money; Term money; Held till maturity; Yield to maturity; Coupon rate; Treasury operations; Gilt edged securities; Types of treasury bills; Commercial paper; Certificate of deposit; Inter corporate deposits; Ready forward contracts;37Indian Economy – Developing economy; Gross national product; Net national product; National wealth; National income; Gross domestic product; Personal income; Personal disposable income; History of planning; Planning commission; Five year plans; National development council; Planning strategies; Rural poverty; Types of unemployment; Foreign direct investments;38Development programmes – Employment; Rural development; Women empowerment; Education oriented; Public distribution system; Maharatnas; Navaratnas; Types of large scale industries; Foreign direct investment;39Mutual funds: Income funds; Growth funds; Balanced funds; Diversified funds; Infrastructure funds; Index funds; Open ended fund; Closed ended fund; Fixed maturity fund40Tax- Direct tax; Indirect tax; Income tax; Service tax; Sales tax; Value added tax; Customs duty; Central excise duty;Important topics:Account payee crossing;Electronic clearing system;Death claims;Nomination;PIN Number;PAN Number;Natural guardian;Mother of deposits;EEFC account;DRA-Debt recovery agent;DMA – Direct marketing agent;DSA – Direct selling agent;CASA account;Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation;Export Credit Guarantee Corporation;Collateral security & prime security;Guarantee; Financial guarantee;Deferred payment guarantee;Performance guarantee;Bills for collection;Pay in slip; Withdrawal slip;Arbitration; Arbitrate; Arbitrator;Gold loans; Appraisal; Appraiser;Bouncing/Dishonour of the cheque;Book building;Kerb trading; Insider trading;Document of title to goods;Credit rating agencies; SWIFT;Merchant Banking;Mergers and acquisitions;Encryption and decryption;Plastic money; Venture capital;Micro credit;Factoring; Forfeiting; Lease finance;Asset Reconstruction Company;Asset Management Company;Hedging; Underwriting; Subcontracting;Enterprise risk management;Asset Liability management;Relationship management;Breakeven point;Principle of utmost good faith;Principle of indemnity;Principle of subrogation;Principle of insurable interest;Principle of mitigation of loss;Mergers and consolidations;Business correspondent;Money laundering;Garnishee order;Income tax attachment order;Debt recovery tribunal;Balance of trade; Balanced budget;Balance of payments;Inflation and deflation;Special drawing rightsGlobal depository receipts;Indian depository receipts;American depository receipts;External commercial borrowings;Fiscal cliff;On balance sheet items;Off balance sheet items;Basel committee on banking supervision;Basel I and Basel II accord;Tier I and Tier II capital;CAMELS;Sarfaesi act 2002Securitisation;Derivatives; Options; Futures;Special purpose vehicle;Value at risk;Business process outsourcing;Capital account convertibilityMinimum support price;Net asset value;Capital adequacy ratio;LIBOR and MIBOR;One time settlement;Wholesale price index;Consumer price index;Bank working and business hours;LPG and PURA strategies;International development association;Corporate social responsibility;Monopoly and oligopoly;Per capita income;Business facilitator;Corporate governance in banks;Sub prime lending;Financial inclusion;Ways and means advances;Liquidity adjustment policy; Forwards;Negotiated dealing system; Conversion; Material alteration;Liquidators; Receivers;Banking ombudsman scheme;Participatory notes;Book building;Willful defaulters;Lok adalats;Debt recovery tribunals;Rule in clayton’s case;Current account transactions;Capital account transactions;Convertibility;Capital account convertibility;Liberalised remittance scheme;Exchange rate system;Mirror account; Forward contracts;Swaps; Arbitrage;Duty draw back system;External commercial borrowing;Suppliers’ credit;Buyers’ credit;Break even point;Schemes:1-Pradhan mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (World’s largest Financial Inclusion programme) 2-Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Shramev Jayate Karyakram 3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana 4-Mission Housing for all 5-Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA Bank)1-My Gov Online Platform 2-Digital India 3-Make In India 4-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana 5-National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 6-National Sports Talent Search Scheme 7-Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan 8-Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat 9-Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers and Teacher Training 10-Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan1-Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana 2-Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana 3-Atal Pension YojanaRBI and RBI Related Important Topics for IBPS Po / clerkBanking and Important topics from Banking1Origin of RBI. Who is the current governor. How many members are there in RBI BoardWhat is bank? What are its functions? how is it different from an NBFC/NBFC-factor, Post-office savings, Chit Fund, Nidhi etc?2RBI comparison with SEBI, IRDA : Name of their main bosses, Who controls what? NBFCs, MFI, Gold Loans, ULIP, Mutual funds etc.Types of banks: commercial banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, investment banks, development banks etc.3Powers and functions of RBIWhat is a Scheduled commercial bank?4How does RBI control the money supply?IDBI, ICICI, IFCI, SIDBI, EXIM, NHB etc.5Open market operations, MSF, liquidity adjustment facilityBank nationalization, mergers and consolidations.6SLR, CRR, Repo, Reverse repo, bank rateNames of chairman/CMD of big banks.7Priority sector lending: and its subsectors. How do they apply to Domestic bank vs foreign bank?Basic GK related to banks: first commercial bank in India, first bank setup by Indians, origin of SBI/ICICI, subsidiaries of SBI, etc.8Banking regulation act and its recent amendmentImportant Mobile APPS Launched By Various banks9Banking reform, Banking License, Narshiman, BASEL.Types of Bank customers and provisions related to them: Minor-Guardian, partnership firms HUF and karta NRI, PIO joint account holders Married Women partnership firm accounts public/private companies trusts and cooperatives10Nachiket Mor CommitteeTypes of bank accounts and their features: 1-current account, savings account 2-term deposit account, fixed deposit, 3-PPF, senior citizen’s account 4-NRE-rupee account, FCNR account, RFC, EEFC, escrow account 5-Allied topic: post office savings account and National savings certificate11Foreign exchange management, components of forex reserves, approx. forex under RBI. Powers under FERA/FEMA, Tarapore Committee on capital account convertibilityCheque: 1-order/bearer/travel/bankers cheque 2-endorsement, cheque-crossing, 3-post-dated cheque, what if cheque-date is invalid 4-when Bank should not pay, cheque-dishonor (cheque-bouncing) 5-MICR, Cheque truncation 6- new CTS-system 7-Note refund rule, clan note-policy12Measures of money supplyOnline banking: 1-NEFT, RGTS, EFTS, Bankwire, E-commerce 2-networking among banks: INDONET, BankNET, RBINET, SWIFT, Point of Sale (POS) terminal 3-core-banking solutions 4-Electronic signature and Information Technology Act13Currency chest, Mint and press. Who signs coins and currency?Loans 1-different type of loan products, 2-Subprime lending 3-mortgage, reverse mortgage, collaterals, stamp duty on loan documents lien, set-off 4-Priority sector lending: and its sub sectors. How do they apply to Domestic bank vs Foreign bank?SLR, CRR, Repo, Reverse repo, bank rateBanking Ombudsman: powers functions, appeal structure and Consumer courtsWho appoint RBI Governor And tenure of RBI governor.Bancassurance, cross-selling, universal / narrow / retail bankingMobile Banking, personal banking, tele-banking, corporate bankingATM: PIN, HWAK, White Label ATM, third party ATMRural Banking And important Topics related to Rural Banking For IBPS PORural Banking And Important Topics for IBPS POWhat is Role Of RBI and NABARD in Rural BankingRural infrastructure development fund (RIDF) And Budget 2015 Fund allocationFinancial Inclusion And Schemes launched for financial inclusionregional rural banks, their amalgamationcooperative banks And Functions Of Co operative Banksmicro-finance institutions (MFI)primary agricultural credit SocietyBanking correspondent agentsKisan credit card, interest subvention on crop-loanslead bank scheme, local area banks, service area approachNon Performing Assets , Bad Loans and Other Important Topics for IBPS Preparation.NPA and Bad Loans = Problem for BanksInternational BankingWhat is NPA?Bretton WoodsGross NPA versus net NPAWorld BankAsset classification under NPA (substandard/doubtful/loss)ADR, GDR, IDRCurrent figure of NPA? Which bank has highest NPA?Islamic BankingCapital adequacy norms, hypothecationAsian clearing unionCIBIL and credit ratingbank for International settlementSARFAESI Act and its recent amendmentBASELasset reconstruction companiesWho are the Main boss of IMF, World Bank, ADB?Debt recovery tribunals.IMF: SDR, voting rightsLok Adalats , functions of Lok AdalatsBRICS Bank and Its Member Countries , HQ, President of Brics BankIndustrial sicknessAIIB Bank, HQ , President, Founding Members, IMF and AIIB ComparisionBoard for industrial and financial ReconstructionEuropean Banking AuthorityDisinvestmentTopics to Prepare for IBPS From current Affairs mainly Banking Related.Banking Awareness (Current Affairs)RBI’s monetary policy and key ratesAny committee made by RBI/government for Banking sector. Who is its chairman and what is the purpose?Any new directives to banks by RBI/Finance MinistryPerson in News: Any new appointments in RBI/Big Banks, Any Indian being appointed in foreign banksBanking license, entry of foreign banks.New Product and Mobile apps Launched by various BanksGovernment schemes associated with financial inclusion/pension/insurance: swabhiman, swavalamban etc.AwardsEconomy Theory , Financial Market, Budget And Other important topics from Traditional Syllabus. These topics are important for IBPS PO Exam.Economy Theory -Important topics to PrepareFinance1-Money market vs capital market: functions, who supervises them? 2-Commercial bills, Treasury bills, certificate of deposit, commercial paper 3-Derivatives, options-futures, currency swaps, 4-underwriting, factoring 5-debt vs equity: IPO-shares, stocks, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, G-sec 6- venture capital, angel investor 7- SEBI: functions, who is their main boss? 8- Stock Exchange: BSE, NSE, SENSEX, Dollex etc. , Functions, Chairman and Power 9- Credit rating: CRISIL, Moody, S&P etc., Different Types of Ratings 10- participatory notes , Cheques, Promissory Notes, Negotiable Instruments, Bill of Exchange 11 - QFI, FII 12 - FDI and its limits in various sectors, FIPB 13 - PAN card and DEMAT account 14 -External commercial borrowing (ECB), ADR, GDR, IDR 15 - RBI Act, Companies Act,Insurance1-Types of insurance 2-Nationalization, LIC, GIC etc. 3-IRDA: chairman, power-functions 4-NPS, EPFO, ESIC, social security 5-pension-insurance reforms, FDI 6-Bancassurance 7- Atal pension yojanaIndian Economy1-NITI AAYog 2- five-year plans, main targets of 12 five-year plan. 3-14th Finance commission and who is its chairman? 4- Inflation: types, impact, various terms associated with inflation WPI, CPI, their new series, who calculates what? 5- IIP, industrial licensing, definition of MSME 6- Indian Economy growth Forecast , Forex Reserve And Balance of trade 7- Economy Survey 2014-15 Highlights 8- Industrial PolicyBudget1-Taxation: 2- direct vs indirect. taxation powers of union and state 3- tax deduction at source 4 - tax slabs according to Budget 2015 5- negative list in service tax 6 - PAN Card, E-filling of tax returns 7- Types of budgets: surplus, deficit, balanced 9- votable vs non-votable items 10 -Finance Bill and appropriation Bill 11 -cut motions: policy cut, economy cut, token cut 12- general budget versus railway budget 13- revenue versus capital expenditure 14- standing committees of Parliament 15- types of deficits, FRBM targets 16- fiscal deficit and its impact on economy 17- Consolidated fund, contingency fund, public account 18 - Budget 2015 and Allocation of Funds for various Schemes and departmentsList of Important schemes And Programmes Launched PM Modi In Last One YearCategory of schemeScheme NamePro Poor1-Pradhan mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (World’s largest Financial Inclusion programme) 2-Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Shramev Jayate Karyakram 3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana 4-Mission Housing for all 5-Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA Bank)Pro Youth1-My Gov Online Platform 2-Digital India 3-Make In India 4-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana 5-National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 6-National Sports Talent Search Scheme 7-Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan 8-Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat 9-Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers and Teacher Training 10-Rashtriya Avishkar AbhiyanPro Farmer1-Enhanced Compensation for distressed Farmers due to crop damage 2-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana 3-Soil Health Card Scheme 4-Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana 5-Jan Suraksha Schemes (PMJJBY, PMBSY, APY) 6-Rashtriya Gokul MissionPro Women1-Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Abhiyaan 2-Sukanya Samriddhi Account 3-Himmat App 4-PAHAL-Direct Benefits Transfer for LPG (DBTL) Consumers Scheme 5-Swachh Bharat Mission 6-Gold Monetisation Scheme 7-Pro Senior Citizen1-Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana 2-Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana 3-Atal Pension Yojana 4-Pro Development1-The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI AAYOG) 2-Make In India 3-Digital India 4-Smart City Programme 5-The National Urban Development Mission 6-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana 7-Pragati Platform 8-Mission Housing for all
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How would I contact Mycelium Client Benefits?
Mycelium Customer service number 1–800–298–9018 Mycelium Customer support number project by Megion Research & Development GmbH makes a number of products including the Mycelium Bitcoin Wallet, Entropy, Bitcoincard, Mycelium Gear (a payment gateway), ATMs, Local Trader, and Tabtrader. It is located in Vienna, Austria.The Mycelium Bitcoin Wallet is available for Android and for iOS. The source is available for review on GitHub. It has been awarded the prestigious "Best Mobile App" award by Bitcoin Block Explorer - Blockchain in 2014.[1]It is available in 12 languages, translated by volunteersBitcoin Wallet Features100% control over your private keys, they never leave your device unless you export themNo block chain download, install and run in secondsUltra fast connection to the Bitcoin network through our super nodes located in different data centersWatch-only addresses & private key import for secure cold-storage integrationEncrypted PDF backup and restore of single key accountsSend and receive by specifying an amount in Fiat and switch between fiat and BTC while entering the amountAddress book for commonly used addressesTransaction history with full transaction detailsImport private keys using SIPA, mini private key format (Casascius private keys) or xPriv from QR-codes or clipboardExport private keys as QR-codes, on clipboard, or as encrypted PDFsSecure your wallet with a PINCompatible with other bitcoin services through bitcoin: uri handlingCompatible with Orbot (socks setting) so you may connect via Tor even without rootingSupport for BIP38 KeysView your balance in 164 fiat currenciesIntegrated QR-code scannerFind other people to trade Bitcoins with the integrated Local TraderDirectly spend from paper wallets (single key, xPriv or master seed)Trezor enabled - directly spend from trezor-secured accounts.Mycelium Entropy compatible Shamir-Secret-Shared 2-out-of-3 keys spendingCompatible with other bitcoin services through bitcoin: uri handlingShare your bitcoin address using NFC, Twitter, Facebook, email and more.BIP70 payment request compatibleIntegration with service Cashila to send money via SEPA[3]Support for BitID AuthenticationDeterministic signatures for Bitcoin transactions (RFC6979)Local TraderMycelium Local Trader is a decentralized in-person exchange that is built right into the Mycelium bitcoin wallet. Because the coins are stored locally in your wallet, the Local Trader exchange never needs to hold any of your bitcoins or fiat. Local Trader servers only help arrange the trade between buyers and sellers, manage the transaction, and calculate reputation ratings based on the trades.BitcoincardBitcoincard is a stand-alone device that acts as an electronic wallet. It can be used to secure the wallet in a safe place (outside the computer, making it inaccessible to hackers). The goal is to create an infrastructure-independent, self-powered, ad-hoc network that could dynamically form wherever a sufficient number of nodes came together to support it. A prototype was presented in Q1 2015.[4]Mycelium EntropyMycelium Entropy is a small USB device that uses hardware based entropy to generate directly printable Bitcoin paper wallets, without the need for a PC. The project was successfully funded on Indiegogo[5].Mycelium GearMycelium Gear is designed to allow you to receive BTC from customers directly into your wallet controlled by you only. Mycelium Gear eliminates the notion of payouts - you get your BTC instantly. It's easy to integrate with your online store or website, with no special skills required. Optionally you can convert your BTC to fiat using the Cashila service.
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What is the best cryptocurrency to invest in right now?
What are some cryptocurrencies in which I should invest? After several months of trading cryptocurrencies and watching the market become saturated with “hype” coins, I started to concentrate on platform coins with working products. Platform coins are blockchains that other blockchains can be built off of— like Ethereum. Nearly every utility token was built off Ethereum’s blockchain. In addition, they often have smart contract and ICO capabilities.Platform coins are also great to hold because they often have “proof of stake” consensus, or variants like Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (DBFT) in Neo’s case. Long story short, holding these type o...
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