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FAQs
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How can I prevent identity theft from happening to me?
Identity theft, also known as identity fraud, is a crime in which an imposter obtains key pieces of personally identifiable information, such as Social Security or driver’s license numbers, in order to impersonate someone else.Identity theft occurs when someone uses another’s personally identifying information, like their name, identifying number, or credit card number , without their permission, to commit fraud or other crimes.Types of Identity TheftThe following are the types of Identity Theft:1.Criminal Identity TheftCriminals have previously obtained state-issued identity documents using credentials stolen from others, or have simply presented a Fake ID2.Financial Identity TheftThe most common type is financial identity theft, where someone wants to gain economical benefits in someone else’s name. This includes getting credits, loans, goods and services, claiming to be someone else.3.Synthetic Identity TheftSynthetic Identity Theft, in which identities are completely or partially fabricated.The most common technique involves combining a real social security number with a name and birth date other than the ones associated with the number.4.Medical Identity TheftMedical Identity crime is that medical identity theft occurs when someone seeks medical care under the identity of another personHow to protect yourself from Identity Theft?1.Credit ReportsMonitor your credit reports constantly for any signs of suspicious activity. Or think about freezing your credit reports. It’s not a perfect solution but it will help prevent identity thieves from opening up new accounts.2.Protect your InformationProtect your computers and personal information your phones and tablets, your accounts and passwords, your surfing, your banking and accounts, your social network etc. These can all be points of vulnerability that crooks will quickly exploit.3.Protect your HomeToo much personal information lying around your home could be an easy temptation to people you doesn’t know. So hide it where burglars and others can’t easily find it. And make sure you shred any sensitive financial information before you dispose of it.4.Guard your MailSome thieves say that most of their crimes start with stolen mail, so make sure you don’t leave it in your mailbox for longer than you have to.5.Social NetworksMind what you and your kids say on Facebook and other social networks. Thieves are constantly checking out Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and other networks for personal information that might help them commit a fraud.6.Lock down your ComputerThere are dozens of free security tools, from antivirus to safe surfing that will help keep malicious software or malware from infecting your computer and stealing your information.7.Use passwords properlyThat means making them long, complicated and random; changing them regularly; guarding themPunishment for Identity Theft in IndiaUnder the Information Technology Act 2000 Chapter IX Sec 66CWhoever, fraudulently or dishonestly makes use of the electronic signature, password or any other unique identification feature of any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to rupees one lakh.Identity Theft is the largest contributor to Fraud in IndiaEvery minute about 19 people fall victim to identity theftFrauds due to applicants submitting fraudulent contact information has risen by 3% contributing to 18% of all detected frauds.The mortgage portfolio has observed a 50% increase in the fraud incidence rate.Falsification of address proof is the most popular behaviour seen amongst fraudstersHiding of adverse credit is the most common behaviour especially in the automotive loan category followed by mortgage fraud.In India identity theft accounts for 77% of the fraud cases in Q1 2015.Overall, identity theft and fictitious identity cases continue to contribute around three-fourths of all detected fraud cases.Amongst various financial products, auto loans, mortgage loans and credit cards have seen the largest number of fraud cases from identity theft represented by 85% of the total detected frauds in Q1 2015Identity theft has observed a rise from 76% in the first quarter of 2014 to 77% in the first quarter of 2015.Persons ages 25 to 64 (8%) had higher prevalence rates of identity theft than persons age 18 to 24 (4%) and 65 or older (6%)FundsTiger can arrange loans from all the banks we can help you to get all types of loans and also balance transfers on existing loans and can also help you to giving free credit consultation.
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What is business model for e commerce?
Business - to - Business (B2B)Website following B2B business model sells its product to an intermediate buyer who then sells the product to the final customer. As an example, a wholesaler places an order from a company's website and after receiving the consignment, sells the end product to final customer who comes to buy the product at wholesaler's retail outlet.Business - to - Consumer(B2C)Website following B2C business model sells its product directly to a customer. A customer can view products shown on the website of business organization. The customer can choose a product and order the ...
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What are the precise tasks a pharmacist must do when preparing a prescription for medication? It seems to take longer than it sh
Ooof! Let’s see if I can articulate this process.Step 1. Let’s call this “receiving the prescription.” This can be via electronic means, by telephone or a piece of paper. First, I have to determine if the prescription is a legitimate one. Did it originate with a valid prescriber or their authorized agent? ( I do a quick bit of mental math to verify that the DEA number of the prescriber is legitimate.)Does the prescription meet the legal requirements for a valid order in my state? In Oregon, this means the name & birthdate of the patient, the date the prescription was written, the drug name & amount to be dispensed, directions for use (“the sig”) and number of refills authorized, plus the signature of the authorized prescriber. Can I read the darn thing? It’s amazing to me that a society as technically advanced as ours permits atrocious handwriting on a scrap of paper as the basis for a prescription. I once filled a prescription written on a potato.If the prescription is for a controlled substance, we have to have the address & phone number of the patient & prescriber. If these elements are not present, prescriptions for controlled substances have to be taken back to the author to have changes made.2. Getting to know the patient. I can’t speak for all pharmacies here, but at this point, I like to know a bit about the person I’m giving medication to, if I don’t know you already. I’ll ask about allergies & reactions, known medical conditions & additional meds you may already be on. I’m also eyeballing you as we speak, getting some basic knowledge such as sex, approximate age & physical condition. If the prescription seems “off” to me or I think there may be an attempt to obtain controlled substances illegally, I’m going to be asking a lot more questions & assessing whether or not you are going to present a threat to me & my staff.3. Establishing how this prescription is going to be paid for. If you haven’t been to my pharmacy before & I don’t have your current insurance information on file, I will ask for proof of insurance. If you are paying cash or have a discount coupon, this is the time to let me know.4. Entering the patient information & prescription into our computer system. Some people are surprised to find that not all pharmacies & doctor’s offices are electronically linked together. Everyone has different software & information sharing is difficult, due to privacy concerns.5. Drug product selection. Also known as going to find stuff on the shelves. Some pharmacies have wonderful inventory systems that uses a flashing light to indicate where the correct drug is located. Most just have to physically locate the drug on the shelves somewhere in the pharmacy. That accounts for the warren of shelves that we seem to disappear into when looking for your medicine. Yes, we do take the opportunity when we are out of sight for a quick scratch.6. This is the part I call “counting, pouring, licking & sticking.” Verifying that the product selected matches the original prescription. Locating the appropriate dispensing container (this is regulated by law, believe it or not.) Physically counting out the medication & sometimes having a second person count it again. There are also dispensing robots that do this part in some pharmacies. Affixing the prescription label (& again assuring that all the information it contains meets the legal requirements of a prescription in your area of practice. ) This is also the point where controlled substances have to be inventoried dose by dose & the remainder returned to the safe, usually under the watchful gaze of a security camera.)7. Matching up the prescription, the medication guide & the receipt. Check receipt to make sure the appropriate insurance claim was submitted. Check co-pay; if it seems high or inappropriate, you have to break the news to the patient diplomatically. Checking that all prescriptions ordered by the patient for this dispensing are present.8. Calling the patient to pick up their order. Offer mandatory counseling & document the performance of counseling or patient refusal. Verify ID if dispensing a controlled substance. Confirm copay & insurance. If patient thinks insurance claim is not correct, attempt to call insurance company on their behalf. Be forced thru a phone tree that would try the patience of Job. Be informed by representative that the patient themselves needs to contact the insurer & that nothing can be done at point of sale. Put on lead suit & convey that information to the patient as diplomatically as possible. Listen patiently to verbal abuse, threats to call your manager & demands for gift cards as compensation for having to wait. While all this is going on, the phone is ringing, the fax is spitting papers on the floor & an elderly, hard-of-hearing person is asking my opinion of the various supplements available for sale.Easy peasy, lemon squeezy…..Nothing to it! How long does it take to count out a few pills & slap a label on?
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What are some good electronic music blogs?
5 EDM Blogs | Submit and feature your DJ tracks for FREEAs a DJ, it’s important you get your EDM tracks out in as many places as possible. In this blog, you’ll find where you can present and feature your EDM songs to over 300k listeners.This post will focus on EDM blogs that can benefit DJs by offering the option of a free track feature option. All you have to do is submit your music to these EDM sites and gain exposure accordingly.As the electronic dance music market is so competitive these days, EDM DJ Producers have a tough time standing out and getting the attention needed to build a su...
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What is the difference between certified mail and registered mail?
With certified mail, the idea is to have it delivered with proof that it was delivered. The letter or package is assumed to have no value, but to have legal confirmation that it got there. While in transit, certified mail isn't treated much differently than any other piece of first class mail. But when it's delivered, a record is made of the date of delivery, a signature is obtained, and if requested a return receipt is also signed and mailed back to the sender. Certified mail is useful for people who absolutely need to prove they communicated something, should the need arise.Registered mail is assumed to have an actual value, such as cash, an expensive watch, or an item of extreme rarity. At every step of the journey, the piece is signed for. If it disappears, the USPS needs only to follow the trail of signatures to see who had responsibility for it when it became an ex-piece of mail. You would not want to be that employee.
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Which is the best online share broker in India for beginners?
I remember when i opened my first account with SBI Security “ SBI SMART” but I was very happy with them even they have high brokerage but they do provide free daily 3 free call & Trade(Offline order placing from phone) at that time if you want to trade online you have to open laptop every time which was not feasible.Sooner smartphone new era started & then you can place order directly from your mobile phone, Soon i realized that i need to make a switch to another broker for low brokerage at that time as i felt that i’m paying higher brokerage so then i started searching for new stock broker.I have been into stock brokerage industry from age of 14 so i’ll try to write down all my experience into this article. Even from that day to today I run a platform to help beginners to find best stockbroker in India.[1]If you are looking for the best online share broker, There are many reasons for one to hesitate to choose the right stock broker over other. I’ll help you in easing the dilemma and come to correct conclusion in finding best stockbroker for you.Main reason is that there are quite a lot of options to choose from. It creates confusion. Choosing between them is not so difficult, if you mind to consider a few facts that differentiate one broker from each other and makes you see which one is best bet for your trade.Even brokerage should not be single criteria for choosing any broker, If you don’t find any right choice then follow the trend, which broker is trending you can open account with them.Weather you are beginner or novice in stock broker industry or full fledged stock trader. I’ll tell you how you can find best stock broker in India, so you will not need to change this in future.Now I’ll divide stock broker depending upon type, i’ll First start with Discount broker as they are now trending and opted by most of the people followed by top full service broker.Zerodha- Yes, Zerodha is top stockbroker in India & also India’s largest brokerage house replacing ICICIDirect. Now here is what you’ll actually get in zerodha. Today, Zerodha is top volume contributors on NSE, BSE, MCX-SX and MCX, with average daily trading turnover of over Rs. 10,000 Crores and the company has a client base of 1.2 million customers. It offers commodity, currency and equity trading. It has a subsidiary just for trading commodities, namely, Zerodha commodities Pvt. Ltd.Zero Brokerage in delivery trades & free mutual fund investment.Flat brokerage for Intraday (20 rupee/ order mamxium) or 0.01% whichever is lower & also they do n’t have any hidden charges.Their trading system have very simple UI & Interfernce so it makes very easy for beginners to start & learn trading.They have very fine tuned educational platform named Zerodha Varsity which is very useful to learn stock market.(Free for everyone)Even if you advanced trader they have very good trading platform (Kite, Pi) & also offer API for algo trading with other platform & provide very trending platform as smallcase, streak, coin (mutual fund platform) & much more which are part of Zerodha platform.So this way Zerodha wins hands down when it comes to top Discount broker. , You can signup for applying online trading and demat account with Zerodha and enjoy the lowest brokerage In India2. Upstox- Upstox is among the fastest growing stockbroker in India. If you will choose either of them you will not be wrong. Upstox is for pro trader & I always recommends Zerodha for newbie over Upstox. Upstox sometimes provide free account opening.Upstox is also relatively new discount stock broker in India & provide similar edge to Zerodha. Upstox & Zerodha have same pricing model even Upstox charge less AMC.Even if you’ll look to Upstox you will find that Upstox is very similar to Zerodha but they tried to overcome the issue retail trade were facing in Zerodha. You’ll be never get wrong if you choose either of them.Upstox is funded by World Class Investor Mr. Ratan Tata & also Upstox is fastest growing brokerage firm.Upstox provide higher margin & better stable system & highest rated mobile app (Upstox Pro).Upstox offer free mutual fund have one of best lowest broker in India as per now.Upstox have advanced charting & all platform are integrated in Pro Upstox.They provide margin trading facility at lowest rate in Industry. Most of the broker even don’t provide & few of them charge too much for this.Upstox is also a great choice in case Discount broker, I see very great future ahead. They also provide online account opening, You can follow these step to open Account in Upstox Online using Aadhar.3- Fyers- You may even didn’t heard this name but i bet on this broker rather then 5paisa because Fyers strive for growth & very costumer friendly approach & also in case you need finest broker only trading platform then Fyers may be meant to you as their trading platform is much more advanced & well designed then any other top broker.Fyers also have flat brokerage plan 0.01% or 20 rupee/ order (Whichever is lower). They are even so much confident that they offer free account as they belive that if you’ll trade with them you’ll love them but still much more room for improvement.Fyers need more products & features but you can choose them if you are want reliable & advanced trading system.Fyers recently came up with online account opening process. You can Apply online for Fyers account opening.4- Sharekhan- Sharekhan is full service broker in India. Now this is somewhat in top stockbroker in full service broekrage space even Angel Broking & ICICI direct are in same scale rating. You will be never wrong if you choose either of them but I really love costumer support & transparency compared to others.I’ll not talk much more about features as they they have everything from top to bottom what’s all facility retail trader look for. Only problem is their higher charges & brokerage. If you are okay with paying higher charges then go ahead you’ll not find better bet then Sharekhan.Sharekhan Charges Brokerage depending upon % of total turnover which leads to higher brokerage. Sharekhan have well-equipped and highly advanced competitive softwares making investing a smooth and uncomplicated experience.5- Icicidirect- In case if you are looking for best trading calls & advisory service broker then Icicidirect Broker will be best choice for you. Thier Trading platforms are well designed and well updated with high speed and fine execution.As an investor, if you are looking for a broker with good technology and All in one service then Angel Broking may be a good choice over other.They offers wide range of services to its clients, namely finance and credit, wealth management, Portfolio management, investment banking & advisory services, stock and currency broking, Mutual Funds, bonds, IPOs, insurance and much more.These above mentioned broker are stockbroker as per latest data, In future if there is any new update & change in ranking & review will be updated.Hope this help.Upvote, Share & Follow!Footnotes[1] Best Stock Broker In India Review [Updated] | Paisowala
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What are your favourite blogs for finding new EDM releases?
5 EDM Blogs | Submit and feature your DJ tracks for FREEAs a DJ, it’s important you get your EDM tracks out in as many places as possible. In this blog, you’ll find where you can present and feature your EDM songs to over 300k listeners.This post will focus on EDM blogs that can benefit DJs by offering the option of a free track feature option. All you have to do is submit your music to these EDM sites and gain exposure accordingly.As the electronic dance music market is so competitive these days, EDM DJ Producers have a tough time standing out and getting the attention needed to build a substantial fanbase. However, there are plenty of places out there that can help you out. Many online blogs suit their service to a particular niche market, and there are plenty within the EDM industry that you can use.All the sites listed in this blog post are no affiliates of ours and we’re receiving no money for this review. It’s straight up a neutral listing of the EDM blogs out there where you can benefit as a DJ. Let’s now take a look.5 EDM Blogs where you can submit your tracks for a small fee or even for FREE1. EDM Sauce - On this website, you can submit your track for a fee of $20. They in return offer no guarantees that your track will be listed on their questionably random Soundcloud listings. Some reposted tracks and listed tracks vary in listener rate from around 100- over 100k listens. Not sure what that’s about, as it could be manipulated by purchasing the plays.However, this is an EDM blog where you could feature your track and there’s no proof that it’s of use or not. We wouldn’t highly recommend it, but for some DJs who could care less about $20 could give it a go.Regarding the EDM news this blog offers. It’s built of ok quality for anyone interested in reading about what’s going on in the industry. So go and at least check out EDM Sauce and judge it for yourself.2. SmashTheClub - Not sure where to place this EDM blog really. Their track submission page clearly states that you can add your track for a featuring for free, but they ask for a $10 donation to guarantee a listing in their DJ pool. This option covers many more genres and their form requests much more info from you. So, if you actually get a post and a feature of your newest EDM track in their blog website, then it may be more valuable than in other places. It could show that your track and potential release has actually got some value.Again, great info here to benefit from and learn how to DJ or read about what electronic dance music is. It could benefit you this way and you might as well submit your track for free and see what happens.3. EatSleepEDM - Interestingly, this electronic dance music blog seems to be the best option so far. They present their track submission options really well and it certainly wold be very attractive to a up and coming DJ. You have multiple options from FREE and without guarantee, up to $30/month which includes Facebook posting to over 21’000 fans and a listing on their homepage as well as 5 posts to choose from. Submissions cover a handful of genres including Dubstep, Electronica, House, Trance and Trap.On the other hand this online news site offers invigorating news and upbeat posts. A truly cool place to relax and catch up on the news. Can definitely recommend this EDM news thread to anymore.4. DailyDoseOfBass - Though rather unknown and lacking much traction regarding an EDM DJ pool for your track submission, the process of getting your track and image up is dead simple. They've kept it clean and clear of any inconvenience of your part. For this reason I would suggest to give this electronic music info-site a go.Nothing to lose, but not much to gain either. Simply follow their track submission option and fill out the form. You can also use Soundcloud to present your new EDM track. Just so you know, the "submission" option is right at the bottom of the site in the footer.5. EDM Joy - EDM Joy is a hybrid news and reviews blog. They certainly like to take their reviewing seriously, but I doubt the reader can. They seem so upbeat about everything and I listened to a track by one of the featured artists and had to stop half way through. I won't mention who, as I hate to be harsh.The fair reason I mention this, is perhaps many out there wouldn't take your review seriously from this source. All marketing is good marketing as we here at our EDM ghost production site Producer Factory know very well. However if you want honesty, then I would leave this out. But if you're someone who wants to be shining on an EDM post, then join up to this blog right away and submit your track.The submission process to this EDM blog is dead easy and you can signNow up to 300k listners, or so they claim. The options are numerous and from what I could gather, it's 100% FREE! That's a massive plus point.Are you a DJ without tracks? Here's an honest answer about how to proceed.It's a good thing you landed on our own EDM blog.What you need to ask yourself first is: dIf the answer is yes, then you'll need your own tracks and build up a release list.The second question is:Even though there are so many motivational speeches on EDM blogs about learning to produce music, it's an expensive headache. If you have any doubts about embarking to become a music producer, then don't. You have to live, eat and breath music production to ever match up to the best. It's a time consuming hobby that'll drain you mentally and financially. Now make your decision.It's dead simple. The biggest secret in electronic dance music that is posted throughout all music related blogs is, "Ghost Producing". To get your own tracks custom built to your specs to release and have reviewed on these top 5 EDM blogs listed above, all you have to do is hire our EDM ghost producers to work with you on your own style and track.Now the final question is:Our focus is unique signature DJ music styles that has been compared to the top 100 list on Beatport. We only offer the best, so the best EDM DJs come to us and so should you.The amount of stories you'll find in EDM blogs about people moaning how other ghost producer services screwed them over is ridiculous. This is partly the reason we started Producer Factory, so all DJs and Ghost Producers would have a safe place to meet and make music together.Thank you for reading, and I hope you have the EDM blogs and info you need to step it up a level as a DJ. Good luck!
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What are some of the pragmatic solutions for preventing mass shootings in the US that both liberals and conservatives find mutua
For the benefit of people who don’t have a lot of time to read, I’m going to list a short version of my proposals in bullet points after this paragraph. However, if you have the time, I strongly suggest reading this answer in its entirety because it explains the proposals in fairly granular detail. The proposals are nuanced because gun control is a complicated issue when looked at objectively.Standardize on a process which flags individuals in the FBI’s Terrorist Screening Database for a delay in the background check process when said individuals try to buy a gun. During the three day delay period, the FBI has the opportunity to investigate and take legal action against the individuals if necessary.Create a secure electronic background check system which is available to the public so individuals selling firearms to residents of the same state can know whether it is safe to proceed with a transaction.Require membership in the Civilian Marksmanship Program for the purchase of semiautomatic centerfire weapons and centerfire magazines with more than ten rounds of capacity.Create a national permitting process for carrying concealed handguns which overrides state laws.The Gun Control Act of 1968 mandated that manufacturers and commercial sellers of firearms had to obtain a Federal Firearms License (FFL). This was done under the guise of regulating interstate commerce, trade which crosses state lines. The federal government is generally not allowed to regulate intrastate commerce, trade which remains entirely within a state. In 1994, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act mandated that FFL holders had to perform a background check on any firearm transferred through the FFL to a individual who does not hold an FFL. In 1998, this process was streamlined into the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS).With that in mind, we’re going to look at how firearms are legally purchased currently so we can have a perspective on potential improvements to the process.When buying a gun through an FFL, buyers must fill out BAFTE form 4473. I strongly recommend readers view the form. Buyers must submit valid photo identification (usually a driver’s license) to the FFL holder to verify their identity and some of the information on their form 4473. There are three categories of firearm which can be bought through a standard FFL dealer: handguns, long guns (rifles and shotguns), and “other firearms”. Buyers must be 18 years of age to buy long guns and 21 years of age to buy handguns from an FFL. “Other firearms” are a weird category which includes receivers for firearms (which is generally the serialized portion of a firearm) or firearms which do not fit the legal definition of a handgun or long gun but are also not regulated by the National Firearms Act. If the “other firearm” can be made into a pistol, the buyer must be 21 years of age. After a buyer has completed their form 4473, the FFL holder calls NICS and relays the completed information to the FBI.Source: (NICS Process in Motion for the Gun Buyer Video Transcript)The FBI runs the information through the NICS database. If the buyer’s provided information has matches within the NICS database, this will generate a “hit”. At the moment, hits include indictments and convictions for felonies, indictments and convictions for domestic violence, indictments and convictions for other crimes which are punishable by one or more years of imprisonment, known fugitives, dishonorable discharges, adjudications which determined an individual to be mentally defective, restraining orders for children or intimate partners, renouncements of citizenship, unlawful users of controlled substances, illegal aliens, and resident aliens who do not meet very specific criteria.If no hits in the NICS database are generated, the FFL is told to “proceed” and the FFL may complete transferring the firearm at the business’s discretion. If the buyer’s provided information generates a hit, the call will be transferred to an FBI employee who will review the information and determine whether the hit matches the rest of the buyer’s provided information. If the hit is valid and the buyer is a prohibited purchaser, the FFL will be told to “deny” the transfer. If the FBI employee determines the hit is invalid, the FFL will be told to “proceed”. If the FBI employee can not immediately determine the validity of a hit, the FFL will be told to “delay” the transfer and the FBI will do more research to determine the validity of a hit. At this point, the FBI is allotted three business days to tell the FFL to “proceed” or “deny”. If those three business days pass without a final judgement, the FFL may proceed with the transfer at their discretion. The system is set up this way so the FBI can not delay a buyer they can not prove is a prohibited possessor of firearms indefinitely, essentially amounting to a denial without due process of law. Nevertheless, some FFL holders maintain a policy of not proceeding with transfers which have do not receive a definite “proceed”; that is the business’s prerogative.If at any point in this process the FFL holder or its employees believes a buyer is purchasing a firearm on behalf of another person, then the FFL will deny the transfer independent of any judgement made by the FBI. Purchasing a firearm on behalf of another person is illegal.Now what about “internet gun sales”?Websites in the business of selling firearms are legally required to acquire an FFL. Since the website which holds an FFL can not visually verify a buyer’s identity, this means the firearms they sell are legally required to be transferred to an FFL near the buyer. At the FFL which facilitates the transfer, the buyer will be required to complete a form 4473 and go through a background check as described above.On auction sites which deal with firearms, buyers and sellers who do not hold FFLs will submit the information of an FFL near each party and arrange for the firearm to be transferred. The seller’s FFL will ship the firearm to the buyer’s FFL and once again the buyer will complete a form 4473 and go through a background check.The final category would be classified websites which allow firearms to be posted for sale. These are essentially the 21st century equivalent of posting a classified advertisement in a newspaper. In these cases, a buyer contacts the seller who posted the advertisement and the two parties enter negotiations. If the buyer and seller legally reside within the same state and are able to meet face to face to conduct a transfer, the firearm in question may be legally bought under federal law without a background check being conducted provided the seller does not have reason to believe the buyer is a prohibited possessor. If any of those conditions are not met, or if state law prohibits intrastate commerce in this fashion, then FFL holders must once again be involved. These conditions apply to all private person to person sales. One noteworthy quirk, under federal law, persons between the ages of 18 and 21 are not prohibited from purchasing a handgun through a private sale. This is in fact one of the very few ways citizens in this age group can exercise their constitutional right to possess handguns.What about gun shows?If a person buys a firearm from an FFL participating in a gun show (this constitutes the majority of firearm sales at gun shows) then a 4473 is filled out as normal. If a person is buying a firearm from a private party, laws regarding private sales apply. Think of gun shows simply as a way for people who might be interested in buying or selling firearms to all be in the same place at the same time. There’s nothing sneaky or tricky about them, they literally happen in convention centers and on fairgrounds. Local police and BATFE agents are always present at gun shows.Now that we have all that basic information out of the way, we can talk about actual changes to federal law.First let’s take a look at prohibiting suspected terrorists from purchasing firearms. We can all agree we hate terrorists, but they still have due process rights. Fortunately, the FBI is in charge of both the Terrorist Screening Database (TSDB) and the NICS database. Prospective gun buyers with records that produce a match in the TSDB could generate a hit in the NICS database. The FBI could then investigate the hit and, assuming the hit actually matched the buyer in question, determine whether or not to tell the FFL to delay the transfer. Within the current three day delay window, the FBI could bring the case before a judge. Should the judge find probable cause, the transfer could be legally halted. At this point the buyer should be notified and be interviewed as part of the investigation. If charges are appropriate, the FBI can file charges in a timely manner. Otherwise, the suspect should be allowed to go about their business without further interference. That puts a lot of burden on the FBI, but it isn’t supposed to be easy to legally strip citizens’ rights in the United States. Remember, the burden of proof always lies upon the accuser, not the defendant.One rather common gun control proposal in the United States is that of universal background checks on all firearm sales, including private intrastate sales. On a practical level, compliance and enforcement of a universal background check would be very difficult without some kind of national firearm registry linking specific firearms to their owners. No national firearm registry exists for regular rifles, shotguns, or pistols at the moment and it’s actually illegal to create one because of the Firearm Owners Protection Act passed in 1986. There remains a visceral fear of a firearms registry among many conservatives; the concerned parties believe that all firearm registries are nothing more than a precursor to the total confiscation of all firearms. This belief is objectively refuted because numerous firearm registries in multiple US states and democratic countries as well as a national registry on firearms regulated by the National Firearms Act exist and have not been precursors to a total confiscation of all firearms. However, many conservatives latch onto the words of a select handful of extremist politicians who espouse a desire for confiscation as proof that confiscation is the inevitable result of all registries.With all that being said, what might be feasible as an alternative to a universal background check is creating an online version of form 4473 so the public could voluntarily conduct background checks without going to an FFL. This is actually something most gun owners want because, at the moment, there’s no way of conducting a background check for a private intrastate sale in most states without involving an FFL. Involving an FFL introduces a financial disincentive because FFLs are businesses and usually charge for their services. I’ll propose the best system I’ve thought of so far which allows for minimal fraud and abuse.First, create a secure electronic variant of the 4473. It should include the buyer and seller information along with contact information for both parties. Once the form is completed, a unique confirmation number is sent out to both parties using the provided contact information. Both parties enter their confirmation numbers, then the form is submitted to the FBI and run through the NICS database. A single transaction number is generated for the NICS check and provided to the buyer and seller. The parties then call a phone number for a NICS automated line and enter the transaction number along with their unique confirmation numbers. This transfers the call to a live operator who examines the results of the NICS check performed for the transaction. The operator then tells the seller to “proceed”, “delay”, or “deny” just as they would with an FFL.The idea behind the whole system is that it allows for an effective background check to be done while offering a reasonable measure of privacy for the buyer. Sure, somebody could abuse the system if they wanted to put in enough effort, but they wouldn’t get very much information. It also removes a financial disincentive; it only costs individuals time to do a check like this and the check and be performed virtually anywhere, not just at FFL locations.Now, let’s discuss assault weapons and magazines which hold more than ten rounds. The problem with the Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 was that it didn’t do anything except drive up prices on the magazines and weapons described by the ban. There was no measurable impact on crime during the ten years the Assault Weapons Ban was in effect.Here is how assault weapons were defined in 1994:Semi-automatic rifles able to accept detachable magazines and two or more of the following:Folding or telescoping stockPistol gripBayonet mountFlash suppressor, or threaded barrel designed to accommodate oneGrenade launcher mountSemi-automatic pistols with detachable magazines and two or more of the following:Magazine that attaches outside the pistol gripThreaded barrel to attach barrel extender, flash suppressor, handgrip, or suppressorBarrel shroud safety feature that prevents burns to the operatorUnloaded weight of 50 oz (1.4 kg) or moreA semi-automatic version of a fully automatic firearm.Semi-automatic shotguns with two or more of the following:Folding or telescoping stockPistol gripDetachable magazine.All of those things are cosmetic features that can be designed around. In fact, they frequently were and are designed around. Even today in states with more stringent feature based assault weapon bans, like California, there exist so called “featureless” firearms which are perfectly legal and not objectively worse for killing people than assault weapons. Now we could try an assault weapon ban again and again have no impact on crime… or we could recognize that semiautomatic centerfire weapons are undeniably the arms of choice in a militia. Police and military forces all over the world use semiautomatic (or fully automatic) centerfire weapons almost exclusively. As such, it makes more sense to more stringently regulate all semiautomatic centerfire weapons, not just a certain subset with specific cosmetic features. At the same time, we can breathe new life into the militia concept described by the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, even make the militia well regulated.In the United States, we currently have an organization called the Civilian Marksmanship Program, a federally chartered corporation whose purpose is:To instruct citizens of the United States in marksmanship;To promote practice and safety in the use of firearms;To conduct competitions in the use of firearms and to award trophies, prizes, badges, and other insignia to competitors.Among numerous other things, the CMP sells M1 Garand rifles. The Garand is a .30–06 semiautomatic battle rifle roughly twice as powerful as common AR-15 or Kalashnikov rifles. The Garand was the primary infantry rifle of the US military during the Second World War and the Korean War. The CMP literally sells them so people can practice target shooting with a weapon of war.Image by Curiosandrelics - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, File:M1-Garand-Rifle.jpg - Wikimedia CommonsLet’s take a look at eligibility requirements for the CMP:REQUIREMENTS FOR PURCHASEBy law, the CMP can sell surplus military firearms, ammunition, parts and other items only to members of CMP affiliated clubs who are also U.S. citizens, over 18 years of age and who are legally eligible to purchase a firearm.PROOF OF U.S. CITIZENSHIP:You must provide a copy of a U.S. birth certificate, passport, proof of naturalization, or any official government document (When using a military ID to prove citizenship, must be an E5 or above) that shows birth in the U.S. or states citizenship as U.S.PROOF OF AGE:You must provide proof of age. Usually proof of citizenship also provides proof of age. In those cases where it may not, a driver’s license is sufficient.MEMBERSHIP IN CMP AFFILIATED ORGANIZATION:You must provide a copy of your current membership card or other proof of membership. This requirement cannot be waived. The CMP currently has over 2,000 affiliated organizations located in many parts of the country. CMP Club Member Certification Form- If your CMP affiliated club does not issue individual membership cards, please have the club fill out the CMP Club Member Certification Form and return it with your order.Membership in many of these organizations costs $25.00 or less and can be accomplished online. A listing of affiliated organizations can be found by clicking on our Club Search web page at http://ct.thecmp.org/app/v1/inde.... If you have any difficulty in locating a club, please contact the CMP at 256-835-8455 or by emailing CMP Customer Service. We will find one for you. In addition to shooting clubs, the CMP also has several special affiliates. Membership in these organizations satisfies our requirement for purchase. These special affiliates include: Congressionally chartered veterans' organizations such as the VFW, AL, DAV, MCL, etc. U.S. Military services (active or reserves), National Guard, to include retirees. Professional 501(c)3 law enforcement organizations and associations such as the FOP, NAPO, NSA, etc. The Garand Collector's Association is a CMP Affiliated Club. You can download a Garand Collector's Association Application Form.Note: Club membership IS required for purchase of rifles, parts, and ammunition.Club membership is NOT required for instructional publications or videos or CMP memorabilia.MARKSMANSHIP OR OTHER FIREARMS RELATED ACTIVITY:You must provide proof of participation in a marksmanship related activity or otherwise show familiarity with the safe handling of firearms and range procedures. Your marksmanship related activity does not have to be with highpower rifles; it can be with smallbore rifles, pistols, air guns or shotguns. Proof of marksmanship participation can be provided by documenting any of the following:Current or past military service.Current or past law enforcement serviceParticipation in a rifle, pistol, air gun or shotgun competition (provide copy of results bulletin).Completion of a marksmanship clinic that included live fire training (provide a copy of the certificate of completion or a statement from the instructor).Distinguished, Instructor, or Coach status.Concealed Carry License.Firearms Owner Identification Cards that included live fire training. - FFL or C&R license.Completion of a Hunter Safety Course that included live fire training.Certification from range or club official or law enforcement officer witnessing shooting activity. Complete the CMP Marksmanship Form to signNow your range firing and the required marksmanship related activity for an individual to purchase from the CMP.No proof of marksmanship required if over age 60. Proof of club membership and citizenship required for all ages. NOTE: Proof of marksmanship activity is not required for purchase of ammunition, parts, publications or memorabilia.BE LEGALLY ELIGIBLE TO PURCHASE A FIREARM:The information you supply on your application will be submitted by the CMP to the FBI National Instant Criminal Check System (NICS) to verify you are not prohibited by Federal, State or Local law from acquiring or possessing a rifle. Your signature on the Purchaser Certification portion of the purchase application authorizes the CMP to initiate the NICS check and authorizes the FBI to inform CMP of the result. IMPORTANT: If your State or locality requires you to first obtain a license, permit, or Firearms Owner ID card in order to possess or receive a rifle, you must enclose a photocopy of your license, permit, or card with the application for purchase.As you can see, the CMP eligibility process is quite a bit more involved than the background check system we have now. It seems to have worked for keeping the powerful semiautomatic Garand rifles out of the hands of mass murderers. The last mass shooting on US soil that I know of which involved an M1 Garand was the Kent State massacre and that involved the Ohio National Guard shooting anti-war protesters, not civilians who were sold rifles through the CMP. I haven’t been able to find any records of crimes committed with guns sold through the CMP. I’m sure it has happened at one point in time or another, but the occurrence is so rare that there hasn’t been any documentation. My point is that the CMP has a really great track record in the United States for making sure guns don’t go to bad guys.Since the Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 didn’t have any measurable impacts on crime and the CMP has great results, I propose we extend the CMP eligibility requirements to all semiautomatic centerfire firearms and centerfire magazines with more than ten rounds of capacity. This means only people who meet the listed criteria will be able to buy the types of weapons most useful in a militia which are also the weapons we primarily see used in mass shootings from an FFL. The proposal also effectively introduces a mandatory training and basic competency requirement before individuals can purchase semiautomatic centerfire weapons from a gun store. The inclusion of CMP eligibility for the purchase of centerfire magazine over ten rounds creates a strong incentive for existing gun owners and individuals who purchase firearms through private intrastate sales to get training and join the CMP if they want easy access to centerfire magazines over ten rounds.The word centerfire is really important because there is another class of firearms which use rimfire cartridges.A collection of rimfire and centerfire cartridges, left to right: .22lr (rimfire), .22WMR (rimfire), .357 magnum (centerfire), .30–06 Springfield (centerfire), 12 gauge shotshell (centerfire)Rimfire cartridges aren’t very powerful; they’re mostly used for small game hunting and target shooting. Most countries allow ownership of semiautomatic rimfire rifles with only basic licensing; countries like Canada and the UK don’t even have restrictions on magazine capacity for rimfire rifles. Could they be used by a mass shooter? Sure, anything could, but semiautomatic rimfire firearms just aren’t a threat compared to semiautomatic centerfire firearms or even non-semiautomatic centerfire firearms. Wounds caused by bullets fired from rimfire cartridges are almost always less severe than wounds caused by bullets fired from centerfire cartridges. Very precise shot placement is required for rimfire weapons to instantly kill a person and mass shooters are unlikely to take the time to precisely place their shots.Seen above are four rimfire rifles made by Marlin.Regulating firearms in this way allows new gun owners to hunt, shoot targets, and defend themselves using semiautomatic rimfire or manually operated firearms. If new gun owners want easy access to semiautomatic centerfire firearms which are useful in a militia context, they can join the CMP, effectively becoming a member of a well regulated militia, after demonstrating themselves to be competent and well trained.I have some final thoughts on the CMP related proposal before moving on to the next topic. CMP eligibility introduces additional layers of human interaction between people and semiautomatic centerfire weapons and centerfire magazines over ten rounds. Barring major advances in mental healthcare and adjudication in the United States, layers of human interaction are the best way for red flags to be raised about somebody who might want to kill large numbers of people with a firearm. Additional layers of human interaction also introduce a larger hurdle for straw purchasers, people who buy firearms for people who can’t pass background checks because they’re ineligible to own firearms. Additional layers of human interaction make law enforcement investigations slightly easier as well.At the moment, laws, standards, and permits for carrying concealed handguns vary wildly. Some states have no requirements while other states functionally don’t allow anybody except police officers to carry handguns in any way. While the percentage of the US population which actually carries handguns regularly, concealed or openly, is relatively small, those who do carry handguns regularly can often face great legal peril for no particularly good reason when crossing state lines. At the same time, it would be good for the public to know that people carrying concealed handguns are actually competent and not a hazard to the public. In essence, a balance would be preferable to the extremes which currently exist.I propose creating an national permit for carrying concealed handguns in any state. Police officers already enjoy something similar to this. The permitting process should include a standardized class which can be taught by police officers or other qualified instructors. Before attending the class, applicants should undergo a background check. Among other things, the class should cover the legal use of deadly force, safe firearms handling practices, and conflict deescalation practices. Then applicants should be given a written test on the subjects. If the applicants pass, they should then undergo a practical handgun handling and shooting competency test. If applicants are able to both handle handguns safely and shoot accurately, they will then be issued a carry permit which is valid for a certain number of years; three to five years seems reasonable. If applicants fail either test then they go home without a permit and can retake the whole class the next time it is offered if they still wish to carry a concealed handgun.
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