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Deliveries is a good app, it has a complication which you can add to your watch face. A complication is a widget that can be placed in different areas of the watch face. Deliveries will show you how many days left or just gives you quick access to open it.Cheat sheet is good for Passwords or pins and also comes with a complication. If you are in the UK Natwest and Barclays apps are good as you can check your bank balance from your watch. With Natwest you can use the watch to get money from an ATM without needing to put your Bank Card in the ATM.Trello is good too on the watch. You can add voice notes to cards. One Note can also add voice notes.Try out the camera app for the odd occasion where you need to take a selfie at a distance and have the camera propped up, you can check your watch to see if you are in frame and set a countdown timer to take your picture.

Here's one noteworthy peer-to-peer education model in Paris newly opened in November 2013 to students around the world, tuition FREE! — École 42  — The school, housed in a former government building used to educate teachers (ironically enough), was started by Xavier Niel. The founder and majority owner of French ISP Free, Niel is a billionaire many times over. He’s not well known in the U.S., but here he is revered as one of the country’s great entrepreneurial successes in tech. This French Tech School Has No Teachers, No Books, No tuition — And It Could Change EverythingAbove: Nicolas Sadirac, the director of the ambitious, free, French tech school Ecole 42. Image Credit: Dylan Tweney/VentureBeatNicolas Sadirac, a French entrepreneur and educator, is the school’s director. Before École 42 he ran Epitech, a well-regarded, private, for-profit school that trained software engineers.PARIS — École 42 might be one of the most ambitious experiments in engineering education.It has no teachers. No books. No MOOCs. No dorms, gyms, labs, or student centers. No tuition.And yet it plans to turn out highly qualified, motivated software engineers, each of whom has gone through an intensive two- to three-year program designed to teach them everything they need to know to become outstanding programmers.The school, housed in a former government building used to educate teachers (ironically enough), was started by Xavier Niel. The founder and majority owner of French ISP Free, Niel is a billionaire many times over. He’s not well known in the U.S., but here he is revered as one of the country’s great entrepreneurial successes in tech. He is also irrepressibly upbeat, smiling and laughing almost nonstop for the hour that he led a tour through École 42 earlier this week. (Who wouldn’t be, with that much wealth? Yet I have met much more dour billionaires before.) Niel started École 42 with a 70 million euro donation. He has no plans for it to make money, ever.“I know one business, and that’s how to make software,” Niel said. “I made a lot of money and I want to give something back to my country,” he explained.To make the school self-sustaining, he figures that future alumni will give back to their school, just as alumni of other schools do. If a few of them become very rich, as Niel has, perhaps they, too, will give millions to keep it going.The basic idea of École 42 is to throw all the students — 800 to 1,000 per year — into a single building in the heart of Paris, give them Macs with big Cinema displays, and throw increasingly difficult programming challenges at them. The students are given little direction about how to solve the problems, so they have to turn to each other — and to the Internet — to figure out the solutions.The challenges are surprisingly difficult. One student I talked with was coding a ray tracer and building an emulation of the 3-D dungeon in Castle Wolfenstein within his first few months at the school. Six months earlier, he had barely touched a computer and knew nothing of programming. He hadn’t even finished high school.In fact, 40% of École 42′s students haven’t finished high school. Others have graduated from Stanford or MIT or other prestigious institutions. But École 42 doesn’t care about their background — all it cares about is whether they can complete the projects and move on. The only requirement is that they be between the ages of 18 and 30.“We don’t ask anything about what they’ve done before,” Niel said.Yet École 42 is harder to get into than Harvard: Last year, 70,000 people attempted the online qualification test. 20,000 completed the test, and of those, 4,000 were invited to spend four weeks in Paris doing an intensive project that had them working upwards of 100 hours a week on various coding challenges. In the end, 890 students were selected for the school’s inaugural class, which began in November, 2013. (The average age is 22, and 11 percent of the first class is female.)890 students out of 70,000 applicants means an acceptance rate a little north of 1%, or if you only count those who completed the test, 4.5%. By contrast, Harvard accepts about 6% of its applicants. And, even with financial aid, it charges a whole lot more than ZERO for its classes.The upshot: If it works, the school’s course of education will produce coders who are incredibly self-motivated, well-rounded in all aspects of software engineering, and willing to work hard. (The four-week tryout alone, with its 100-hour weeks, blows away the French government’s official 35-hour-work week.)All of École 42′s projects are meant to be collaborative, so the students work in teams of two to five people. At first glance, the École’s classrooms look a little bit like a factory floor or a coding sweatshop, with row after row of Aeron-style chairs facing row after row of big monitors. But a closer look reveals that the layout is designed to facilitate small-group collaboration, with the monitors staggered so that students can easily talk to one another, on the diagonals between the monitors or side by side with the people next to them. Students can come and go as they please; the school is open 24 hours a day and has a well-appointed cafeteria in the basement (with a wine cellar that can hold 5,000 bottles, just in case the school needs to host any parties).Students share all of their code on Github (naturally). They communicate with one another, and receive challenges and tests, via the school’s intranet. Everything else they figure out on their own, whether it means learning trigonometry, figuring out the syntax for C code, or picking up techniques to index a database.Tests are essentially pass-fail: Your team either completes the project or it doesn’t. One administrator compared it to making a car: In other schools, getting a test 90% right means an A; but if you make a car with just three out of four wheels, it is a failure. At École 42, you don’t get points for making it part way there — you have to make a car with all four wheels.The no-teachers approach makes sense, as nearly anything you need to know about programming can now be found, for free, on the Internet. Motivated people can easily teach themselves any language they need to know in a few months of intensive work. But motivation is what’s hard to come by, and to sustain — ask anyone who has tried out Codecademy but not stuck with it. That has prompted the creation of “learn to code” bootcamps and schools around the world. École 42 takes a similar inspiration but allows the students to generate their own enthusiasm via collaborative (and somewhat competitive) teamwork.Sadirac and Niel say that some prestigious universities have already expressed interest in the school’s approach. The two are considering syndicating the model to create similar schools in other countries.But even if they never expand beyond Paris, École 42 could become a signNow force in software education. France already has a reputation for creating great engineers (in software as well as in many other fields).If École 42 adds another thousand highly-motivated, entrepreneurial software engineers to the mix every year, it could very quickly accelerate this country’s competitiveness in tech.And the model will force schools like Harvard to make an extra effort to justify their high tuitions. If you can get training like this for free, and you want to be a software engineer, why go to Harvard?(news link:) This French tech school has no teachers, no books, no tuition -- and it could change everything

Babies start to understand you at about 6–9 months[1][2] .Sure, they don't understand a lot. It takes years before a child is truly rational and has the experience to fully understand adults.But even infants understand a lot! Take my son Benjamin, for instance. He's only 3 months old, but he already understands a lot of things. When I say “come to daddy” he gets agitated and raises his arms to be picked up.Does he understand the verbal structure and the individual meaning of the words? I don't think so. But he sure loves being picked up and he understands the context of the words.When my daughter was 9 months old and started talking, she knew perfectly well what “bread” was. That was her first word — and she used it quite well. If you tried to give her something else when she asked for bread, she refused it.Language is quite built-in into humans. We have a large portion of our brains wired to understand it. And yes, infants can understand a lot of it.Now, toddlers… well, even if they aren't fully verbal yet it is expected that a toddler tries to use language. One particularly important milestone at 1 year old is tattling. At this age they should at least be saying “mama” and “dada” or words to that effect and trying to speak words (even if failing[3] ).They fully understand those words, and they should also understand and comply with simple requests such as “give me the juice” or “do you want banana?” — they fully understand those sentences and its meaning.But as I said, understanding is not really straight forward. Again, take my kids for example. When Joana was one year old she could talk reasonably well. When she was 2 years old (still a toddler) she had quite a good grasp of the spoken language and could even use verbs and plurals quite well.We used to talk and reason with her and she parroted back whatever we said as if she understood it all. And yet… when we said “Joana, don’t pick litter off the ground for you can be sick” she answered “I won’t pick litter, daddy” — and picked it anyway.She just couldn’t help herself!So yeah, she understood the words but she didn’t really have the capability of following them.It means that yes, toddlers often understand quite well what you are saying but they don’t yet have the full grasp of the meaning and intention of more advanced forms of communication.Children are really smart! But often they are just too immature to do as they are told or to be reasoned with. And that’s why you should use other tools with toddlers, such as redirection and simple sentences. Not because they don’t understand what you are saying — they sure do. But because they are not mature enough to follow complex orders and reasoning!You can certainly try that again when they are 5–6 years old and have a better brain wiring for such things.Until then, talk to them, explain things, show that there are boundaries, teach them how to cope with their emotions but don’t focus too much on them being “naughty” or “disobedient” — they truly can’t help themselves.Footnotes[1] Important Milestones: Your Baby By Six Months[2] Important Milestones: Your Baby By Nine Months[3] Important Milestones: Your Child By One Year

I usually say 8+ because people have varying definitions of what it means to speak a language. Here are all languages I have ever studied for more than a few hours, in chronological order. I have marked the ones that I'm intermediate or higher in with an asterisk. * German (language) - 0 years old - my native language. Obviously fluent in it now, I have created 500+ language lessons for it as the host of GermanPod101 and I sometimes teach students over Skype.* English (language) - 10 years old - learned it as my first foreign language at school in grades 5-13. For the first few years I was really bad at it, but then I got English-speaking penpals, I hung out on political discussion forums online and I started voice-chatting, so that it started to feel like another native language around age 17 or so.* Latin (language) - 12 years old - my second foreign language at school, grades 7-11. Started studying Latin because it was a mandatory choice between either Latin or French and I thought Latin would help me with other languages in the future. After three years, my teachers recommended me as a tutor for weaker students and eventually I started teaching Latin online on Myngle and Edufire. Udemy course to appear soon.* French (language) - 14 years old - my third foreign language at school, grades 9-10. I really struggled with this language and quit after grade 10, but I had online friends who wouldn't let me forget it completely. I visited Montréal for a month immediately after graduating from high school and stayed with a French-speaking family, from where I picked up my passion for the Québécois variant. When I needed a linguistic-oriented university major to go with my study of computational linguistics, and I was too late to inscribe for English Studies, it was easy to decide on French Studies instead and my trusty online friends helped me re-activate my French in time for the initial evaluation exam. I speak French fluently now and I enjoy reading some classic French literature.* Esperanto (language) - 14 years old - the first language I studied outside school. I had read a popular science book about linguistics, which dedicated a few pages to Esperanto and mentioned that it was the most successful of all constructed languages, and designed to be super-simple. I thought to myself "If it's so simple, I should be able to pick it up without effort, as another notch in the belt. If it gets too hard or annoying, I'll just drop it, no regrets". So I signed up for the German Esperanto Youth's free e-mail-based course and got a mentor who was a student at Berlin Technical University. Learning Esperanto was exhilarating, the only language before or after that was intrinsically motivating to study. I finished the course in 5 months, then attended a weekend course for intermediate students in Berlin that my tutor invited me to, and by the end I was comfortable in Esperanto. Read also how Esperanto changed my life: http://www.quora.com/esperanto-best-of/How-Esperanto-changed-my-life* Italian (language) - 16 years old - my fourth foreign language at school, grades 11-13. Started studying this because of the vacuum left by quitting French class. By the end of grade 13, when I chose Italian for my oral baccalaureate exam, I was able to talk fluently about technical matters I had studied before, for example the causes of Venice's frequent flooding problem. Then I didn't use Italian at all for the next 5 years or so and I'm afraid it's not as fluent as it used to be, though I have started to use it a bit more regularly. I still regularly read books in Italian.* Modern Greek (language) - not sure exactly when I started studying it, because a Greek friend kept teaching me a few things here and there and eventually I decided to pursue it more seriously. I learned the basics in self-study and from my friend, then to signNow intermediate level I used the Assimil method Greek course and an online tutor. Right now I'm conversational but not fluent and I have read four non-simplified books in Greek without the help of a dictionary.* Mandarin Chinese (language) - 18 years old - I've always been fascinated by Chinese characters, so when I heard about a federal competition for high schoolers starting to learn Chinese, and I was in my last year of high school, that was all the motivation to start it then. I studied it by myself for half a year, then won the competition (prize: scholarship for 6 weeks language school in Beijing), sat in 1 1/2 semesters of Chinese at my university, then those 6 weeks in China (2004), then some more self-study, which tapered off... in 2009 I decided to get serious about it, studied 2500 characters in that one year, then have been steadily improving since. Last week I had a 2 1/2 hour conversation all in Mandarin about all kinds of topics, but I still search for words occasionally. I have also read almost a dozen books in Chinese by now.Thai - 19 years old - learned maybe 100 words and phrases just for fun. Been re-discovering it recently, but still not sure where I want to go with it.Czech (language) - 22 years old - I got the opportunity to attend a seminar in the Czech Republic, so I studied some Czech, maybe 500 words, even though the seminar itself would be in Esperanto. I haven't done anything about Czech since this trip, so I forgot it all.Swedish (language) - 24 years old - exact same as for CzechLithuanian (language) - 24 years old - exact same as for Czech. I'm happy I learned it, because otherwise I would have missed my flight back. After the seminar, the bus stop to get to the airport had changed and none of the passer-bys were able to speak English or another of my languages.* Kiswahili (Swahili) - 26 years old - I want to study some languages that are truly different from the ones I studied so far, and Swahili sounds really cool. I learned it from the Assimil course. I haven't had a chance to speak it much, but I can read and write it well enough to keep a diary in it for example.* Dutch (language) - 27 years old - As Dutch is so similar to German, low-hanging fruit so to speak, it would be stupid not to pick it. Some language geek friends and I made a challenge to learn Dutch in 6 weeks of self-study. For proper motivation, I signed up to give a 45-minute presentation of the German language, in Dutch, at a language festival in Leeuwen exactly 7 weeks after we started. I managed, though only a Dutch attendee could tell you how many mistakes I made. These days I'm keeping my Dutch active by reading books and listening to the political radio program "Met de oog op morgen".* Spanish (language) - 27 years old - Spanish is similar to Italian. I wanted to study it but found the course too boring, so I jumped straight into reading "A Space Odyssey" in Spanish. Spanish and Italian keep conflicting in my mind though, whenever I want to speak one, I keep thinking of words in the other language, so it requires concentration. Reading Spanish or understanding TV is no problem at all.Arabic (language) - 28 years old - I studied it non-seriously before but always got discouraged quickly. In 2011, I finally managed to bring Arabic up to A2 level, but then I lost interest because the people I was planning to talk Arabic to moved and there's not much to read in Arabic even if my level was better.Finnish (language) - 28 years old - This language never really interested me, but some language geeks made it a challenge to spend 35 hours on Finnish in one month and see how far we'd get. I used Assimil, Teach Yourself and a word frequency list supplemented by sound files from Forvo. At the end, my level was evaluated as A2, but I didn't continue to study Finnish. The challenge thread: http://how-to-learn-any-language...Japanese (language) - 29 years old - I spent 50 hours on it for the August/September 6 Week Challenges in 2012 (those challenges occur 4x a year now). My main goal is to understand the anime series "Hikaru no Go" and Japanese Go (board game) lectures and I don't care about much else for now, so I tried a new method that involved flashcards made from Hikaru no Go episodes (try Subs2Srs, it's awesome). After just 50 hours in this challenge, I was able to understand two thirds of a new Hikaru no Go episode without subtitles, and my Japanese was useless for anything else. I have started to take conversational classes. EDIT: I just posted a description of how I signNowed this level so quickly as a step-by-step guide on my blog: http://temp.learnlangs.com/step-...* Indonesian - 29 years old - My most recent addition. I started to learn Indonesian because the Indonesian embassy in Berlin offered a free beginner's course in April 2013. Then they announced a speaking competition for June 2013 and I challenged myself to participate in it, so that I suddenly had to learn Indonesian quite quickly during the May 6 Week Challenge. You learn more about my method and results here. I'm happy to say that I'm currently almost B2 in Indonesian.I recently collected the most useful Language-Learning Advice I gave on Quora. Also check out my blog about language-learning, which includes personal updates as well as advice on methods etc., at http://www.learnlangs.com , and my Quora board about languages: http://www.quora.com/selected_language_postsIf you're looking for language geeks like the crazy ones who started the challenges with me, http://how-to-learn-any-language... is your best bet. And if you want to experience intense language self-study, why not sign up for a 6 Week Challenge? http://6wc.learnlangs.com/howto

I will post many skills with respect to computers which takes only few minutes to learn.1. MagnifierEver had problem while presenting; To enlarge what's on the screen, to make it more visible, try magnifier.Click on start, then search for magnifier on the search bar. Then click on magnifier.​​​​​​Then select the level to Zoom, you will see enlarged part of the screen just like in the image below.​​​​Shortcut: Press Windows+plus to open magnifier directly.​​​​​2. Turn your Laptop into WiFi Hotspot.Copy the following lines into NotePad and save it as WiFi.batnetsh wlan set hostednetwork mode=allow ssid=WIFI key=password123netsh wlan start hostednetworkNow right click on the file and select "Run as administrator" , automatically WiFi hotspot will be turned ON.You can change the WiFi name by changing ssid=new name and password key=newpasswordImportant - For this to work, your sharing should be on in the network properties for the network/ethernet connection that you want to share through your wifi:Go to Open Network and Sharing Centre ->Change Adapter Settings(On left panel)Your wifi hotspot would be Microsoft Hosted Network Virtual Adaptor in the Network Connections.Go to the properties of the LAN/ethernet/WiFi connection and make the changes accordingly.​​​​​​There you can see the wifi Hotspot network.Your wifi hotspot would be ready.To turn Off the WiFi Hotspot, copy this code in a notepad file and save it as wifistop.bat then run that bat file as "Run as Administrator".netsh wlan stop hostednetwork3. Slide Between windows with awesome 3D flip Animation.Press and hold Winows+Tab to slide over windows.​​​​​​press Windows+shift+Tab to slide in reverse order.4. Subtitles for movies not Synchronized, Just follow this simple trick.Open the video in MPC (Media player classic)  and pause the movie at a point, Then Click on View->subresync.​​​​​​Then you will see a window like below​​​​​​At a given point click on the line of subtitle which is correct for the scene, Right click on it and select current.The Subtitle will be automatically updated to that point.You can save the modified subtitle by File->Save subtitle.5. Want to hide some Files and Folders.You Might be tired of using File locker software which are difficult to use and ask for registrations.Follow the simple Tip.Open NotePad and paste the following codecls@ECHO OFFtitle Folder Lockerif EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCKif NOT EXIST Locker goto MDLOCKER:CONFIRMecho Are you sure u want to Lock the folder(Y/N)set/p "cho=>"if %cho%==Y goto LOCKif %cho%==y goto LOCKif %cho%==n goto ENDif %cho%==N goto ENDecho Invalid choice.goto CONFIRM:LOCKren Locker "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"echo Folder lockedgoto End:UNLOCKecho Enter password to Unlock folderset/p "pass=>"if NOT %pass%==password123 goto FAILattrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Lockerecho Folder Unlocked successfullygoto End:FAILecho Invalid passwordgoto end:MDLOCKERmd Lockerecho Locker created successfullygoto End:EndThen save it as Locker.batClick on that BAT file , a New Folder called Locker will be created as shown below​​​​​Copy and paste all the Files and Folders that you want to Hide into that Locker Folder.Then click on that BAT file again a CMD promt will appear and ask you permission to lock the files. Just Type Y and press Enter.​​​​​​Now you can see all the files and folders and also the Locker folder disappears.​​​​​​​​​​​​To Unlock all the files and folders, Once again click on that BAT file. You will see a CMD promt then Type password123​​​​​​​​​​​​You will see that Locker Folder appears back.​​​​​If you want to change the password, Open that BAT file in notepad and search for the word "password123"  and replace it with your new Password.6. Turn off Windows Updates.Windows will automatically install updates, if new updates are available, which takes lots of Data and also takof a lot of time while Restarting the system, The updates take lots of time to install which annoys most of us.Follow the simple step to solve it.Open My Computeron the Top left you will Find System Properties, Click on thatThen Buttom left you will see Windows Update, Click on thatOn the Top left you will see Change settings select it.Important UpdatesThe default option would be Download and install. Change it to 3rd option"Check for the updates let me decide whether to download and install them."​​​​​​In this option you can download updates when its convenient for you.7. Download from Torrents even if it is blocked in College/Office.This Technique allows you to download from torrent even it is blocked and also download very fast even when seeders are not available.download the torrent file to your system.open this site : www.zbigz.comupload this torrent file and click on GOIt takes some time to cache the file in the server, then the download button will appear.​​​​​​No need for registration, use free option when asked, file will be available even after a week to download.8.Download the whole Wikipedia site to your system.yes that's true you can download whole wikipedia site with 4.5 million article to your local system and browse it offline. And its only 40GB in size.The torrent link is here:Page on kiwix.org​​​​​​​​​​​​​Note : You need Kiwix to open it.9. Download the torrent file directly without applicationTired of torrents running out of seeders? No worries. You can search for direct download links using Google! To download movies, perform a Google search as below:“YOUR SEARCH TERM HERE” -inurl:(htm|html|php|pls|txt) intitle:index.of “last modified” (mkv|mp4|avi)Example:Titanic -inurl:(htm|html|php|pls|txt) intitle:index.of “last modified” (mkv|mp4|avi)You can use this search trick to download not just movies, but almost any file.For instance, to download music,“YOUR SEARCH TERM HERE” -inurl:(htm|html|php|pls|txt) intitle:index.of “last modified” (mp3|wma|aac|flac)Just change the file format [(mp3|wma|aac|flac) part] to your required format and you will get a search result of sites containing direct download links to your search query.10.Open PPT without opening the PowerPointWhen saving your PowerPoint Presentations, use the extension.pps/.ppsx instead of .ppt/.pptx. This will open the presentation directly as a slide show.Saves time and looks very professional.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Note: All the above trick are tried in Windows 7, few may not work with other OS.Source:Use Media Player Classic to resynchronize subtitles?How to Hide Files and Folders Using Batch FilesMithrandir0x/disable_wifi_hotspot.batPage on microsoft.comEdit: I had made a spelling mistake while typing the URL in point 7, it should be www.zbigz.com. Thank you Souvik Sen for pointing out that mistake.I have corrected it now.I want to apologize for that mistake, I am really sorry.Other interesting answers of mine:David Peter's answer to As a computer science student, what can I learn right now in just 10 minutes that could be useful for the rest of my life?David Peter's answer to What are some mind-blowing facts about Google?

Some “interesting” facts about Turkish;1- Since Turkish is an agglutinative language, words are quite suffixed; but this is not the interesting part, because there are a quite number of agglutinative languages out there; but as far as I know, none of them have this rule for words; “vowel harmony”. You can spot many loan words in the language, just because they fail to comply with this harmony.Like; “Aksiyon” doesn’t comply with the rule but “eylem” does. They have the same meaning but one of them is easily spotted that it’s a loan. (“Action”)Of course not all of the complying ones are native Turkish, there are exceptions for both sides. There might be loan words complying coincidentally or some native examples which wouldn’t comply. But again, most of the such native exceptions are actually also loans but from centuries ago and they are rooted in the language.Vowel harmony in short is, the vowels in a word should be of the same type with the first vowel. If the first vowel is “thin”, the following ones must be too. If the first vowel is “round” the others must follow too; and as such. This rule applies to the suffixes as well. Hence there are suffixes which have the same functionality but they have different vowels within.Like;-cı, -cu, -ci, -cü are all the same suffixes; the only difference is that they each suffix only the words which they comply the rule with.Duvar is “wall” and duvarcı is “person whose profession is to build walls”Koru is “wood, forest” and korucu is “ranger”.Kale is “goal” and kaleci is “goalkeeper”.Sömürü is “exploitation” and sömürücü is “exploitative”.Oh well, there’s also a harmony between the consonants too, wouldn’t you think? For example;-çı,-çi, -çu, -çü are all the same suffixes with those above. (Yes that makes 8 different suffixes for the same functionality.) The difference is as you guessed, they suffix the words which end in suitable consonants with them. Like;Kitap is “book” and kitapçı is “person who sells books”Cumhuriyet is “republic” and cumhuriyetçi is “republican”Top is “ball” and topçu is “person who plays well with balls or whose profession is football”Süt is milk and sütçü is “person who sells milk”.2- This agglutination also brings another interesting thing; very short or “one-word” sentences or expressions. Like;Yapamayabilirim. (I may not be able to do.)Yes, that whole sentence is only one word in Turkish.Yap- (Verb “to do” in imperative form.)Yap-a (Being able to do.)Yap-a-ma (Being not able to do, in subjunctive mood.)Yap-a-ma-ya-bil (Imperative “do not be able to do”.)Yap-a-ma-ya-bil-ir (He/she/it may not be able to do.)Yap-a-ma-ya-bil-ir-im. (I may not be able to do.)Or another word like;Düşecektim. (I was going to fall.)Düş- (Verb “to fall” in imperative form.)Düş-ecek (He/she/it will fall.)Düş-ecek-ti (He/she/it was going to fall.)Düşe-ecek-ti-m (I was going to fall.)3- There’s no grammatical gender. As you saw in the examples above, you can’t mostly know if it was “he” or “she” in many expressions.4- Turkish is a phonetic language. Each letter represent one sound and it represents always the same sound. We call it “you pronounce as how you spell it” in Turkish. So you will know how to pronounce even if you don’t know the word. There are of course exceptions like “open e” and “closed e” but if you are not a linguist; you won’t notice it in speech. Yes interestingly, even the native speakers are not aware of those exceptions. For example the word “seksen” (eighty) has two “e” letters in it and they both have different sounds but even the native speakers don’t notice unless you tell them the difference with distinctive examples.5- There is another exception in spoken language to its phoneticity. I don’t know how it developed but first person singular and plural and second person singular future tense conjugations are tend to be shortened. Like;Geleceğim. (I will come. Formal. This is the right form of writing. But in spoken language you will be considered as “too kind or too formal to be normal” or “a freaky language fanatic” or just “stereotype”; if you use it this way a lot.)Gelecem. (I will come. Informal. This is the pronunciation of the above word. It’s incorrect spelling and thus considered incorrect in written language; but it’s accepted as the spoken version.)Gelicem. (I will come. Formal of the above. But still incorrect in written language.)Gelcem (I will come. There’s even this, lately. Informal, incorrect, stereotype, but still.. Some people say it.)Interestingly this has developed as I said only for the first person singular and plural and second person singular conjugations of future tense. The other pronouns and tenses just do it fine with phoneticity.There’s also a tend to drop letter “r” from the continuous tense like;Geliyor becomes geliyo just like how coming becomes comin’.“Toplatıya sen de geliyo musun” (Are you too comin’ to the meeting?)There are some more minor tendencies like this.6- There is one more exception of phoneticity in Turkish which is caused by a mark called “düzeltme işareti”. (Correction sign. Circumflex. ^) This sign is also known as “hat sign”, because it looks like a hat for the letter. It’s used to lengthen the pronunciation of the vowel or somethimes to “thin” the sound of it. Like turning a to æ.Most people don’t use it while typing or writing but everyone knows when it’s there. Almost none of the native speakers even know how to type a vowel with circumflex on a Turkish keyboard. Some examples;Kar (Snow), Kâr (Profit)Hakim (Wise), Hâkim ((1)Sovereign, (2)Judge)Hala (Aunt), Hâlâ (Still)Resmi (Related to picture), Resmî (Official)As you see, these kinds of words are different words if they are written and pronounced with or without circumflex. But as I said, most people do not prefer or know how to use the sign and they find out the meaning from the context. Sometimes it leads to pretty bad misunderstandings but people are accustomed to understand from the context. Like;Karı seviyorum. (I love snow.)Kârı seviyorum. (I love profit.)If you omit the circumflex altough you want to mean the second one, people would probably make joke of it like you wanted to mean “karı” (Woman, slang.) (Yes kar means “snow” and “kar-ı” means “the snow” (accusative) but “karı” as an alone word also means “woman, slang”. So it would be understood you said “I love slut”.)Or;Hala seni seviyorum. (I love you aunty.)Hâlâ seni seviyorum. (I still love you.)This is why it’s called “correction” sign. Because it “corrects” the pronunciation and thus the meaning so there wouldn’t be misunderstandings. This sign is valid for vowels “u, i and a” only. It’s not used with other vowels, but in old scriptures, you can also find ê and ô in some poems, just to indicate those words are pronounced differently; not it’s because that is a word legit only with a circumflex. When a vowel takes this sign, it’s called like “letter a with hat”.Another interesting fact about this sign is, all of the words which include a vowel “with hat” are certainly loan words. Mostly from Arabic or Persian.Yet another interesting fact about this sign is, people so often use some words without circumflex so that the word made it in the dictionary without it; although it is pronounced with it. Like “katil” is “murder (noun)” and “kâtil” is “murderer” but both are accepted as “katil” right now officialy; while the latter is still pronounced differently as it has the circumflex originally. It’s pronounced like “kaatil” (a is pronounced longer).7- There is a tense in Turkish which doesn’t exist in English and in many languages. It’s called “mişli geçmiş zaman” or “geçmiş zamanın rivayeti” and it means “narrative of the past”. It’s used when you are telling someone that you have heard something that happened in the past but you haven’t seen or witnessed if it really did. Like;Question: Bugün sınav olacak mı? (Will there be an exam today?)Answer 1: Öğretmen olacağını söyledi. (The teacher said there will be.)Answer 2: Öğretmen olacağını söylemiş. (The teacher said there will be.)These two answers are translated into English completely the same way. But in Turkish there’s a huge difference. Because answer 1 is plain past tense, which in Turkish means the speaking person heard the teacher say it directly; while answer 2 is “past narrative”, which means someone told the speaking person that he/she heard the teacher say it; so that the speaker haven’t witnessed directly. It’s called narrative because the speaker is actually narrating what he/she was informed about something that happened in the past.8- Inverted sentences are used a lot in Turkish. Normal word order is usually subject-object-verb (SOV) most of the times but it’s not a must. Changing the word order in a sentence usually changes the emphasis and therefore the meaning. Like;Abim bana anahtarı verdi. (My brother gave me the key.)This is a normal SOV syntax. But let’s play with it a bit. The below examples are all translated to English the same way; but in fact all have nuances which will “add” to the meaning.“Abim bana verdi anahtarı” or “Bana verdi abim anahtarı” or “Abim anahtarı bana verdi”. (My brother gave the key to me, not to anyone else.)“Abim anahtarı verdi bana” or “Anahtarı verdi abim bana”. (My brother gave the key to me, not anything else.)“Abim verdi anahtarı bana” or “Anahtarı abim verdi bana”. (It was my brother who gave the key to me, not anyone else.)Verdi abim anahtarı bana. (My brother gave me the key, there was no problem, he didn’t resist.)Another interesting fact about inverted sentences is, most Turkish linguists mostly said that it’s wrong to use the language this way altough it’s been used like this for centuries. Using inverted sentences was considered wrong for quite some time. They soon realized that we can’t just deny a living thing in the language just because of a “rule” which even didn’t exist. In the last 2 decades, most of the people accepted these as normal and now they teach it in language faculties. But of course, this doesn’t mean we can always change the word order and put the word in anywhere of the sentence we want. It should be suitable.See another question about it; Turab Garib's answer to What is the difference between "Bu Kim" and "Kim Bu" in Turkish?9- Verb conjugation is formed according to the subject and therefore most of the times the subject word itself isn’t needed. It’s called “hidden subject”.Ben eve geldim. (I came home.)Eve geldim. (I came home.)“Ben” is “I” here and it’s perfectly omittable unless you explicitly want to emphasize the subject. Many people already omit it for most of the times. Because verb “gelmek” is conjugated like;gel- (to come)gel-di (came) The plain form also represents “third person” (He/she/it)gel-di-m (I came.)Let’s see some other examples;Geldin. (You came.) Representing “sen” (you, singular) in Turkish.Geldiniz. (You came.) Representing “siz” (you, plural).Geldi. (He/she/it came.) Representing “o”.Geldiler.( They came.) Represenging “onlar” (they).As you see, none of the expressions have a visible subject and in fact, in some of the cases, it will even be awkward to add it.10- There is such a rule called “ulama” which is very interesting and that I’ve never heard in any other language. It’s even not a “rule” in fact. It’s just “an information” out there no one knows why existed. It’s explained like; if the former of the two consecutive words ends with a consonant and the latter starts with a vowel, then they can be pronounced like the latter borrowed the former’s last letter. I hear you say, “what??”. Here go some examples with Turkish actor names;Fikret Hakan. (There’s no “ulama”.)Tarık Akan. (There’s ulama. The first word ends with a consonant and the second word starts with a vowel. Therefore these two words sound like “Tarı Kakan” together. Interesting isn’t it? By the way “tarık” as a word has a circumflex originally, but as you see it’s not typed but yet it’s still pronounced as if it’s there.Cüneyt Arkın. (There’s ulama. It sounds like Cüney Tarkın.)It’s not actually a rule and no one knows, then why it’s a grammar subject standing there for decades. In the books it says “you may pronounce this way”. And in some poems, there are some “syllable rhythms” which require you to pronounce with ulama.Edit: There’s a discussion below about this. In fact ulama helps easing pronunciation. Because in such cases, if you don’t use ulama, you need to give a break between the words so that they wouldn’t mix up. Ulama makes it easier so you pronounce two words together. Why I find it interesting is, why we needed to define such a thing while it was already the normal way of speaking. It’s like saying “you can call a house as home”. Consider how many “rules” you would have constructed like that.11- One of the most interesting things about Turkish grammar is, noun form of the verbs (verbal nouns) are the same with negative imperative forms of themselves. Like;Gel-mek (To come)Gel- (Come, imperative)Gel-me (Do not come, imperative)Gel-me (The act of coming)The last two are the same. So is it “coming” or “not coming”? That is the question. Another example;Oturum açma (The act of signing in; you will see these two words on the welcoming screen of your computer.)Oturum açma (Do not sign in, imperative.)Now deal with it; will you sign in or will you not?The reason for this confusion is; both imperative negation suffix and verb nouning suffix are the same two letters (-me, -ma) coincidentally.What makes this more interesting is; most of the natives are not aware of this weird coincidence and they find it very normal; just because of the context. For example the computer can not be dictating you “not to sign in”, right? So they never notice the weirdness; they just see it as “sign in”. Even myself as being interested in linguistics, came to be aware of this fact in my 20s.12- In Turkish alphabet, there are some letters which are exclusive to Turkic languages only. Like “ı and ğ”. Altough debatable, I believe “ğ” is invented for “ğayn” letter of Arabic. Because Turkish has thousands of Arabic loan words for centuries and I haven’t seen a native Turkish word which included letter “ğ” from the beginning. There are also other letters in Turkish which are uncommon in most of the languages like “ş, ü, ö, ç”.But the most interesting one is “ı” for sure. Because it’s the small form of “I”, while in Latin alphabets, small form for “I” is “i”; but “i” is another letter in Turkish. Pretty confusing isn’t it? Let’s visualize better;In Latin, “i” becomes “I” for capital. Looses the dot.In Turkish “i” becomes “İ” for capital. Preserves the dot.In Turkish “ı” becomes “I” for capital. Also preserves the shape. That makes “I” in Turkish a different letter than “I” in English.Here is a question about the difference between these two letters and my answer about it: Turab Garib's answer to What is the diffrence between i and ı in Turkish?Besides, Turkish alphabet doesn’t have common Latin letters “q, x and w”. Because their representing sounds are already met by other letters. Like “q” is represented with “k”; “x” is represented with “iks” and in fact we don’t have native words which need this sound. Because it’s consisting of three different sounds which are already represented with three letters. Therefore there’s no need for another letter. And finally “w” is represented with “v”.13- There is an auxiliary verb in Turkish, which is taught in every language class; but it’s literally never ever used. “Yazmak” as a verb, it means “to write” but it is also a helper verb which we call “yaklaşma fiili” (closing verb). Closing by means of “getting close to doing something”, “near miss”, “be almost”, “was just about to .... something”; blank is the verb which our helping verb “helps”. Like;Düş-e-yazmak. Düş-mek is verb “to fall” and “düşeyazmak” is another verb “to almost fall”. You can use it with any other verbs like;Çocuk kazada öleyazdı. (The kid almost died in the accident.)Soğukta donayazdık. (We almost froze in the cold.)But as I said, it’s never, never ever used neither in written language nor colloquially. I haven’t looked up for its history as a grammar subject, but it wasn’t used in the past either for sure. You will find very very rare examples if you ever can. I don’t think it was ever publicly accepted and used but interestingly it survives yet and it’s still being taught, all the time. Natives only enjoy talking “about” it rather using it. Because funny combinations can be formed with it. For example “donayazmak” as in my second example consists of;“don-mak” (verb to freeze)“yaz-mak” (closing verb, auxiliary)Donayazmak (to almost freeze)But you know, Turkish is an agglutinative language. Therefore sometimes plain words coincide with suffixed other words. So if you split up “donayazmak” as “dona yazmak”; it will mean “to write on the underpants” because while “don-mak” is “to freeze”, don standalone is “underpants” (informal). So the sentence in whole makes; “we wrote on our panties in the cold”. Remember “yazmak” also meant “to write”? Now you can make a lot of jokes on it with other verbs as well;Düş-e-yazmak (To almost fall) (-e- is coalescing letter)Düşe yazmak (To write on the dream)Düşey azmak (To get horny vertically (????))There’s also a quite number of natives who don’t know about this auxiliary verb, as they have forgotten they took the lesson years ago. So what are we using to imply the same meaning if we are not using this one? There are other words or verbs to give the same meaning. Like;Neredeyse (almost). Like “Çocuk kazada neredeyse ölüyordu”. (The kid almost died in the accident.) or “Soğukta neredeyse donuyorduk”. (We were just about to freeze in the cold.) Notice that also the tense has changed in the translation. It’s a past continuos expression in Turkish like saying “the kid was almost dying in the accident”; but proper translation into English is plain past tense.Az kalmak (a little left to …). Like “Az kalsın soğukta donuyorduk”. (It was a little (time) left for us to freeze in the cold.) So it’s still “almost”.Ramak kalmak. (No English equivalent.) Now that’s an interesting one stand alone. Because “ramak” is NOT an alone word by itself; never used in any other place and it doesn’t have a place in the dictionary as a word. It’s ONLY appearence in the whole language is in this phrasal verb; “ramak kalmak”. Can be translated like “being very close to doing something” or “something being very close to happen”. With or without a verb. It’s origin is a loan from Arabic and in Arabic it means “the last spark of life or the last look just before death”. In Turkish we use it in this phrase like; “Soğuktan donmamıza ramak kaldı/kalmıştı”. (We are/were very close to freezing in the cold.)

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We were, to begin with, reluctant. Reluctant to move. Reluctant to look. Reluctant to even try. Reluctant to even begin to wonder what we could afford at all.Truthfully, we really didn’t think we would qualify for anything, let alone any amount that would let us live in anything bigger than a shoebox. But we knew that none of this would be worth doing at all unless we were able to get more space for me to roll around in.So why were we looking at buying anything at all? In May, I fell, seriously enough to be hospitalized a few days. As a consequence of that fall, I was interviewed by a state caseworker to see whether a PCA[1] and the CADI[2] waiver program would be things I would benefit from, due to the extent of my health challenges, mobility needs, and the amount of help I needed in order to best function and be happy.Fortunately, I was granted PCA hours, and I was accepted to the CADI waiver program. This both meant that I could continue to stay home and be happy, and that we could afford to have Karen, who was understandably extremely reluctant to leave me at home alone for half of every day with an outside job, to stay home with me and to take me to my appointments and to continue to participate in the things that bring us joy.One of the more appealing things about the CADI waiver program is that it will remodel your home in order to enable you to stay in your home. Thinking that we had to stay renters, we tried to work with our apartment complex, one of the few mostly accessible apartment buildings in our particular area, with the idea of remodeling a two bedroom apartment in the same building. Long story short, the complex was willing, only if CADI would pay to put it back the way it was before we moved in, and even then the list of changes was appallingly small. Mostly just the flooring, in all honesty. CADI said no to that, and really, I can’t blame them at all for that.We really felt stuck. I looked at hundreds of apartment listings for the elusive perfect spot, and frankly there was next to nothing available, even at twice the rent we were paying. Disability specific apartment buildings typically were very small units, only had roll in showers, had enormously long waiting lists, and at least some of them excluded able bodied partners. Obviously full on assisted living was a complete nonstarter, they all excluded any possibility of living with Karen.Seven weeks ago today, Bryen Zimmerman suggested that we look at buying something. Probably my first reaction was to quail. The convoluted and difficult process to get my new wheelchair was sucking the life out of me, and frankly I was concerned about trying for a purchased home and falling flat on our faces. But you know, Bryen was persuasive. Karen and I looked at our credit scores at Mint and we realized that we both had excellent credit scores, and really the worst thing was that the broker and/or realtor we got would laugh at us and throw us out. We were getting nowhere fast anyway trying everything else, so…So he hooked me up with a couple choices each from his referral network, and I chose Michele Brandt[3] to act as our broker and Dody Kettler[4] for our realtor. While obviously Karen is able to talk on the phone, what I really needed and wanted was people willing to talk to me through text, emails, and ultimately Facebook messenger to get information directly to me and to handle as much as possible through the iPhone. I was honestly pleasantly surprised by how I was able to sign all the paperwork up to the formal closing itself electronically, using a couple different e-signing programs, and I was able to upload all documentation using my iPhone camera whenever I wasn’t able to simply upload PDFs from my iCloud. Talk about tedious but really ultimately painless and all done in bed stuff. It made an enormous difference in my being able to do all of this, and I also appreciated that all my house documentation was stored on my iCloud, easily readable anytime I needed to look at anything. Michele and Dody contacted me at all hours of the day - Karen and I sometimes joked that these wonderful people never slept!The house search itself was physically difficult but doable, and I think we actually only did two days that I fully participated in. The house that we ultimately bought was something that we fell in love with the week before we even started officially looking, and we didn’t look there the first day because honestly I really thought the purchase price would be beyond our signNow. Given the vagaries of the local housing market, the seller had already rejected two bids that were under the asking price, and so we knew going in that it would go for as close to full asking as possible. I did the math, and the math suggested it would cost about the same as renting a two bedroom apartment that wouldn’t be renovated, and it was well under the all in monthly price that Michele told us we needed to stay under.It’s a three story house. Obviously no accessibility at this point to the loft or basement spaces, but four bedrooms and two bathrooms, with two bedrooms and a bathroom on the main floor. The basement has a guest suite. The loft someday will have a chair lift and the old too big walker and wheelchair will be upstairs and it will become an art studio.For now, what matters is that the main floor lacks hallways, has beautiful wood floors, has wide doorways, and is easily navigated. It currently has a less than tremendously awesome kitchen and bathroom, which doesn’t matter because CADI is there to provide the walk-in bathtub and safe bathroom design that I need in order to perform my ablutions, and it is also there to set up a kitchen space I can actually use. There would never have been any point to buying a house with a fantastic kitchen and bathroom that I couldn’t actually use.The second bedroom on the main floor will be converted into a laundry and closet space, as it backs to the kitchen and is a lot safer (and probably cheaper) than trying to figure out how to make it possible for me to take laundry to and from the basement and to get around safely there. There are two large living spaces on the main floor, and amazing woodwork and windows. There is a lot to work with, in other words.We started our house search process and closed on our house in seven weeks. I’ve been told constantly that this has been an incredibly fast process, and maybe it has. All I know for sure is that buying a house was far easier and faster than my nearly impossible process to buy the wheelchair, and I don’t know what that says about the American medical system. Surely nothing good at all.It also required virtually no money up front to buy. That part was probably the most surprising part of the whole thing. I was able to qualify for a special program that covered disabled Minnesotans, and that program provided me with a 10k down payment. Again, our broker and her staff really went the extra mile to ensure that we could buy the house that fit my mobility needs so well.The closing was today.It takes a village, and I am grateful for the amazing people that worked with us. Thank you. I also want to thank Karen’s mommy and my mama for doing what they can to help make our lives more possible. Here’s to your guest suite!What’s next? Moving in ten days from now! CADI remodeling!Here’s to living a more possible life.Footnotes[1] Personal Care Assistant (PCA ) Services[2] Community Access for Disability Inclusion Waiver[3] Fairway Independent Mortgage Corporation[4] MinneapolisAndMore