How to industry sign banking new jersey presentation computer
so the history of New Jersey computing Israel or the microcosm of the history of computing worldwide I'm going to be covering highlights not everything but of course is chancing any questions you like at the finish we're going to start with the slide rule if I can just change my slide here okay oh you can ignore this stuff this is just who I am and places that foolishly quote it so okay this is a slide rule as I rule is not a computer it's a calculating aid it's a tool it does not do any math for you slide rule is invented in the 1600s and it was the Rawls most dominant calculating device for 300 something years until about the 1975 or so when the pocket calculator come out and everything changed it's important to take this time to separate analog computing and digital computing and analog is to root of the word analogy in analog computing there is a direct revenue in your hand or your keyboard versus what the mathematics are for example in a slide pool the analogy is logarithms it is it - how much you move the cursor on a slide rule directly correlates to the actual physical mass whereas digital computing we just aren't humans just arbitrarily chosen ones to mean on or off but it could have been blue and white or up and down or anything else we wanted there's no reason to have to be 0 1 so the slide rule is - Rawls dominant analog computing device for 300 years and the connection is that from the late 1880s until about nineteen sixty or seventy something a company called K and E was the Microsoft where Dell aside rules and they were based in Hoboken New Jersey so that's a New Jersey connection of slide rules this is ENIAC the electronic numerical integrator and computer the thing in the middle of the room is not in a yak there's a thing on the outside or the thing below that the room is ENIAC and all the people in it it is not the first computer I hate that word I call it the F word I don't use it the reason why is we talk about generations of computers not first because first could mean anything you want it to mean there are no single inventions not like one day there were no computers and Joseph came along and invented the computer it doesn't work that way in fact there was a pule two prize-winning fiction novelist a few years ago named I forget her name and she wrote a book called the man who invented the computer as if one may I just suddenly invented the computer and she was wildly debunked and her publisher how did your retraction it was quite embarrassing her so any AK was invented at the University of Pennsylvania in the 40s as a war effort by civilians it had 18,000 was in vacuum tubes it ran 5000 calculations a second which is beauty by today's standards but amazing for back then developed entirely by civilians as a general-purpose machine used by the army basically for one or two things the New Jersey connection is that the main guy who led this project a man named John Mauchly ma si ma you see hly was a young physics professor at the University of Pennsylvania and he needed more money he I don't have a wife and a new baby at home and the university had to deal with the army to do basically freelance math problems and Fort Monmouth down in Monmouth County which has recently closed had a bunch of secret outposts around the jersey one of which was called the Evans signal laboratory no relationship to me known as camp Adams and they were doing radar there very early radar innovations the radar also was not effective I one person was done around row by lots of people anyway they needed math done therefore a parabolic radar antennas they outsource that math to with University of Pennsylvania which outsourced to this guy and he went over to the Wharton School the Business School a pen and they're just emailed any machines he could find and mechanical calculators she could find and it just wasn't enough math power work so he went to his department had a pen and he said hey you know that crazy army problem we got on the Jersey well we could use that as a reason to build one of these newfangled digital computers that every once in speculating about for the last 5-10 years and he did and it was all secret in the mid 70s he gave an oral history to the Smithsonian and he used a word in Pell he specifically said every time I got back to this radar problem I was quote-unquote impelled to stop thinking about a digit electronic computer and sit down and build one none of that changes the history of ENIAC any but it's huge for the Garden State because he goes out of his way to say that radar problem to happen here on the Jersey Shore was the reason he went and made ENIAC that is pretty cool so Bell Labs I'm sure many of you know Bell Labs for one hundred some odd years basically the entirety of the 20th century was the brawled dominant electronics and computer scientific research facility it's still there in Murray Hill part of Berkeley Heights New Jersey here in Union County not that far from Scotch Plains and they'll be appearing again later in his presentation but I want to mention two things now the summer of 1948 was an amazing year for Bell Labs right here in Central Jersey in one building in that summer they invented information theory which is the mathematical proof of why computer algorithms work they invented the transistor nosh actually I shouldn't say they did in fact invent quote-unquote information theory I shouldn't say invented the transistor and then is as dangerous word is first there Thomas Edison in the 1800s and dozens of other engineers and scientists over a couple of centuries led to the transistor Bell Labs perfected a transistor they did not invent it so I slipped there anyway they did a transistor and they did cellular networking that summer in 48 where will we be today in 2020 without the transistor and cellular networking right because on your iPhones or whatever device you're watching on there's a chip that central processing unit has roughly six billion with ABI transistors in it billion well Bell Labs perfected me the transistor viable in 1948 here in New Jersey the same time is down the hall other people they were inventing sale or networking so that is pretty cool meanwhile that computers such as any act were all vacuum tube based back into boobs were large about the size of a bottle of beer and they were heavy and made a lot of heat and they were unreliable so throughout the 50s MIT Bell Labs and a few other people few other organizations started working on new fangled transistor computers which could be much smaller much faster much less heat cheaper to build easier to build etc and so one of those first four or five in existence called trading the transistorized digital computer was done also at Bell Labs right here in Union County in the early 1950s they made a version that went in an airplane called flyable trick you could say that was a mobile computer of sorts speaking of mobile computers going back to that a Camp Evans secret army base I mentioned when in Belmar was just uh it was considered ball marks now a fishing wall township today so they wanted one of these newfangled transistor computers and even the army's budget allocated to them couldn't afford what IBM was asking for this machine the unit that company which came out of ENIAC the people who did that mean elfia couldn't deliver one fast enough to satisfy Uncle Sam so these people in down in Belmar they figured we're one of the top electronics labs in the nation we'll build one how hard could it be famous last words and they applied to the army for funding for their computer then the army said well we'll give you money but the money is for field technology so the guys in Belmar said we'll put it in a truck we'll call it field technology and then when it gets here Oh take the wheels off we'll have our own computer as a joke they called it Moby Dick mobile digital computer big as a whale it fit into two 40-foot tractor trailers one of which was the air conditioning and power one of which is seen in this slide this is a drawing of it not by me done by the argument years ago and that's roughly what it looks like on the inside a bunch of Tait drives a CPU in the center etc etc anyway they designed it in New Jersey and it was manufactured by Sylvania up in Massachusetts at the time a couple neat things about this computer beside the fact that it was mobile sort of well first of all in the mobile aspect so it's ease it a laugh haha mobile tractor-trailer but think about this in 1956 you had to bring the problem to where the computer was and problem was envisioned as a battlefield in Europe and the computer was at Harvard or something what if you could bring the computer to where the problem was instead of the other way around how do you do that you put it in a tractor-trailer and put it on a boat and bring it over and they did that anyway um it was also one of the first machines if not the first you never quite know let's say one of the earliest machines to be able to communicate with other makes and models of computers in a common format a kamar common you know technical format previous machines can only use teletype code for that purpose they call that field data field data later on evolve into something called ASCII the American Standard Code for information interchange and ASCII is still used in your iPhone your Android device or Windows computer your Apple computer everything we have today uses asking code which is the direct descendant a field data made in wall new jersey who knew right anyway they wanted to bring these things over Europe and the army said hold on you nerds it's a new computer it's also a new army truck and by policy all new army trucks all new army vehicles had to be tested on a test in Aberdeen Maryland the proving ground to make sure they could withstand the rigors of war I'm talking you know tanks and everything else they couldn't have to go over there if you couldn't withstand you know battle because this computer we're going to be used right you know right behind the front for applications such as aiming and things like that so they drove the computer if you will on a tractor trailer down to the test course in Maryland took it on two laps at a test course witters grenades landmines potholes people shooting it you do I'm not exaggerating both laps took a computer Cade through a flying colors and both laps the truck broke down they figured it's easier to beef up a truck there we design a computer they did just act and the computer was quite successful for a decade or so when when the last of the movie the sixth Moby Dick's was finally decommissioned the early 70s the people who worked on it said if not for the hardware being obsolete they would have kept using it if not for this specification being obsolete it was that good there are none left by the way Moby Dick's are gone so um yeah mobile computing mid 50s while New Jersey this is a transistorized univac to the 1960s but it could just as easily be a transistorized IBM machine a machine RCA any number of brands the person in the picture is Grace Hopper known as the the mother of computing the grandmother of computing the what Grace Hopper famous for is the bug she was giving a speech in the 70s to a roomful to a computer trade show and she made a joke about haha look we found a dead moth in a computer a bug and everyone took her seriously she was just being sarcastic and funny she wasn't being serious anyway what she should be known for is she led the committee that made COBOL a common business oriented language and by the way before continue about Kabul New Jersey connection its Grace Hopper went to high school at war law cartridge in Plainfield which is now in Edison so she is a local high school alumni that's pretty cool right off in mid afternoon Edison although it was in plea feel at the time anyway I'm sure many of you have read about COBOL just recently in the last month or so in the news COBOL was a programming language came a 1959 Grace Hopper who you know which led the committee and the fact that the woman was leading the committee itself was interesting enough let's see so COBOL like any other piece of software has had lots and lots and lots of updates over the year the most recent update was in 2014 unfortunately and I hate to say the media because I spent 20 years in it but media latched on to the story about New Jersey needs called all programmers according to governor Murphy one of them is Cove it updates few weeks ago and the media Laflin did his headline about cobbles from 1959 how foolish is the New Jersey state government can't believe people are still using coal that's it all the headlines said but they're not using the version from 1959 it's like saying we have internal combustion cars they were invented in 1818 90s helpful was away well the engines in our cars aren't the ones that were invented then it's the same thing so COBOL is used by all all of the Roth largest banks and fortunate 100 companies not because you're too stupid and foolish and cheap to upgrade because it's really freaking good and fast and secure and nothing's better than it that's why they haven't changed and again they're using modern versions the headlines that stay still that's it's loaded word still as if people don't know better anyway that is a story that may you and you are now sex Street on why all the recent news about COBOL is wrong in New Jersey the news headlines also say Chlo polls so hard to learn it's all dinosaurs that is not true at all any modern Java programmer to learn COBOL in a few months it is just not hard had to get that on my system meanwhile there was a subcommittee that did the actual technical coding for this and that committee will happen to have been led by another woman named Jean Sammet who was also at Sylvania in Massachusetts and the computer she developed it on was one of the Moby Dick's so COBOL was led by a woman who got educated in New Jersey and developed by a woman who were to use a computer made in New Jersey and now governor Murphy is begging for COBOL programmers today I think that's pretty awesome oh and by the way one more thing about this just a side note relate to Jersey at all everyone should watch and take your children to see the movie hidden fingers but the movie is wrong everything that the movie says happen is true but the movie implies that NASA in the 60s was pioneering the idea of women and minorities working in computers in fact NASA was trailing that curve it happened that a lot of other government agencies first that you omitted that backed out of the movie this is an analog computer made by a company called electronic Associates Inc EA I yeah I spun out of that army secret army B as I mentioned in wall township they were in Monmouth County throughout the 60s and 70s they were the Dell or Microsoft of analog computing and they were the dominating player in their field on the Jersey Shore and they became another company which became another company which became their company which is still in mommoth County today that one is about maybe eight feet long by about six feet high and that's one of the smaller eai analog computers they're very colorful though I like them now again so in 1969 just about 50 years ago Bell Labs invented UNIX which is spell you and I X and a programming language called C just to let her see UNIX is the operating system and 50 years later it is the dominant operating system on the planet now you may think what has have been talking about I use Mac I use for Android I use iOS I use Windows I never heard of Unix well UNIX is underneath all those things and was it not for UNIX you wouldn't have anything you have today you may have heard of Linux which all the rods data centers there's something called a top 500 list the rawls 500 fastest supercomputers all of them run UNIX all of them that same year also about labs the same three guys basically who did UNIX also method a program language called C it was called C because it was already a language called a and already a language called B C again is everything on your phone everything on your desktop ultimately traces itself back to the C programming language that is not an exaggeration from ATMs to your phone - everything is UNIX and C today still quote-unquote still j
st like whole but it's not being in the news so people don't know that so they also at Bell Labs mean another another operating system shortly after a called plan 9 which was named in tribute for the wonderful science fiction wouldn't the wonderfully bad science fiction movie plan 9 from outer space which is nothing to New Jersey but you shall watch it it's a funny movie this screen ok this is a screen capture of a menu from something called eyes AI yes was the electronic information exchange system developed at Newark College of Engineering which is now Jersey to technology where I work and this is from the early to mid 70s essentially it's social meeting yeah how that I forget where I think somewhere in Texas it was this system called Plato which was an online learning system and there were a couple other systems but a government that were basically messaging and what we now call social you know basically the messaging side of social media eyes developed in Newark put those two things together into one thing the actually arose out of a White House system for the Nixon administration and I'd be curious to go back and look at the news articles about the missing tapes and all the Watergate things and see if to see if the original system was mention any of those articles might be interesting to see to see if this computer system got mentioned at a time because they were trading messages and software at a time using a mainframe so that became eyes so grandfather of social media developed in Newark New Jersey in the 1970s who knew right one of the one of the professor's I interviewed just recently who developed this he told me that he would there was a feature we can log on anonymously so he would he would give a class to students many of which were remote in the computer lab across campus using the eyes and he would set up a separate account for himself anonymously and he would ask the class to question and then using the other account challenge and say no professor you're wrong just to get just to encourage students to think oh someone else challenged a professor I must be able kidded you so so became a critical thinking tool he said it worked like a charm but that was all mainframes micro computers and desktop computers and home and personal computers where where it was Act where the future was in the mid-1970s as early as 1966 there was something called the amateur Computer Society which was just a photocopied newsletter made by a man named Steven gray out of Manhattan it went by ACS I'm the Train Computer Society and he published issue after issue for a good decade from the mid 60s to mid 70s about how would you make your own computer you couldn't go to a store and buy one cuz they weren't computer stores so there was no Amazon right so it was all about how would you make a computer anyway in the late sixties early seventies there was a high school Computer Club even some junior high school students called the resistors down in Hopewell Hopewell New Jersey in Mercer County it was radically emphatic students interested in science technology and other research subjects other research subjects may or may not have involved marijuana and these kids met in a barn that belonged to a Bell Labs engineer after school he somehow acquired a couple of mainframes and so-called mini computers when MIDI meant smaller than a mainframe he taught the kids computers and high school Computer Club in New Jersey in the 1960s when there was no such thing as a high school computer club that is remarkable in 1975 mainstream computer clubs popped up all over the country and beyond if you pick up any mainstream book in the library and I'm assured of scotch bass library as a main tree computer history books somewhere they all mention the homebrew Computer Club that was in Silicon Valley now homebrew Computer Club was famous because that's where Steve Wozniak was and Bill Gates and those guys but all these mainstream books talk about the homebrew Computer Club as if I were the only one but there were dozens and hundreds of clubs just like it or the planet at the same time the same month that the homebrew Computer Club about his first meeting in spring 75 there was also the first meeting at the amateur Computer Society in New Jersey which quickly changed her name to key amateur Computer Group in New Jersey because the National Amateur Computer Society that I mentioned they said hey please don't call me see economics or Computer Society you know we don't want people to think it's all part of organization so AC gnj had the first meeting at the Union County Technical Institute the vocational school which is still there today and I believe some time after a few years in maybe the 80s they moved our meetings to the Scotch Plains Rescue Squad which is across the street from the Scotch Plains library and I'm bar telephony and they still meet there today there are a lot smaller organization than you are today of course and they keep the word amateur their name is a tribute to the original grip the their claim to fame there's really no way to verify this but they claim to be the rods longest-running longest continuously operating computer club not the first but the homebrew Computer Club in California is long gone and AC G&J still kicking still kickin to this day so go to their website and check them out there were now there were user groups you know not clubs basically clubs or people in the computer industry since there were computers in the 1950s 1940s but there were people you know professionals in the industry this was a from AC G&J was a computer club for the general public along the same lines there were computer trade shows since the 1950s but the Trenton computer festival formed in 1976 and the Atlantic City personal computer conference form in 1976 for the public to try a new computer festival still exist now didn't happen this year because the co vid button ran every year since 1976 and it's still kicking in the early days and still somewhat today run by the people from AC G and J the personal computer conference was a national show though and there was in Atlantic City I'll get back to that a moment computer part of Islan Islan is a neighborhood in Woodbridge for those who don't know and Hoboken computer works right down the street from where K and E slide rules was were as far as I can tell the first two computer stores in New Jersey a hope of computer works came out slightly earlier but it was sort of the nook out of the general electronic shop whereas computer Mart was a franchise of a national chain it was a dedicated computer store act the personal computer Princeton 1976 it was run by a man named Stan vite the EIT I believe who was famous for any computer Mart in New York City he just passed away a couple years ago and on his own dime he gave money for airplane tickets to a couple kids in California named Steve Jobs and Wozniak who had a little company they were forming called Apple and if you watch any movie or read any book about computer history they all talked about something called the West Coast computer fair which happened in 1977 and they all imply or outright say that West Coast computer fair is where Apple got your big debut that is false Apple had their big view at the Atlantic City Show in 1976 but it's all day California biased and it's not sexy so everyone gets it wrong today in the 80s once personal computers and micro computers were a mainstream business tool casio epson panasonic RCA sharp and sony all mainstream companies you've heard of many of which japanese all had their US headquarters in northern new jersey i don't know why i don't know why the orator she was at was a passion of japanese computer companies in america but it was and many of those companies are still there today way up in up by you know by the gwl that way I'll skip frankly I've had to Franklin in a minute I mentioned a little under less slide in this era of the 70s the bill to yourself companies there was a company in Princeton called technical design labs they were there too they didn't invent anything but they were there too and they were well then come what are you for the time they weren't obscure but they weren't terribly famous they were they were there and they had a computer called as I tan X ITA n does I tan the Songtan used a computer chip called the z80 the zilog z80 it's not like today where everyone uses Intel there were a lot more choices for chips back then anyway it was run by a man named Roger amadon am i gon who just passed away a couple of years ago and Roger was an adult in the mid 70s he was I guess maybe 30-something he had his booth at the Atlantic City Show and by the way Roger little sign though Roger was the man who had the idea for the Trenton show and other people went and did it anyway Roger had his booth of the Atlantic City Show and Roger had a piece of software or his itan computer called Apple then after Apple Records the people will try her company just a piece of software for his computer and this skinny hippie kid comes up to him says pardon me just Ram it on sir my name is Steve with Steve Jobs me and my buddy he's also Steve Wozniak we want to have a computer company we would call our Colin or company Apple but we just heard about you you had a first is it okay with you sir if we call our company Apple Roger ever the mensch said sure kid no problem now Apple used a computer chip called the mos 6502 and lost 6502 and Roger said I'll tell you what kid I'll make you a deal I'll rename my software from Apple two's apple with the zine indicating @zt and if you have any customers who wants the 80 you sent him to me if I have any customers who want 6502 I'll send him to you deal and Bob said sure they shook hands and Roger used to love telling the story he told me the story many times before he died obviously that's over the next couple years Roger sent dozens of customers who preferred 6502 out to Apple and Steve Jobs and when Jobs got a customer who said hey prefer CD he talked him into this 6502 so you have to wonder when Jobs very humbly before he became successful and arrogant and when he went up to Roger at that show in Atlantic City in 1976 it's a part of me sir I see you already have a thing called Apple we didn't know that it's an okay with you if he Clark company Apple what if Roger had said no sorry kid we had a first pick something else you wouldn't have Apple today what would you have no but he knows Franklin I just want to mention Apple from and start through now was a very close company well Microsoft may Windows they took the tactile let's make everything open Apple keeps everything closed so it's more expensive but sports secure because one preformed longer controls it in the 80s there were a couple of companies that reverse-engineer the Apple two computers one after which somehow got permission from Apple most didn't they were called clones one of the clone companies was Franklin and they were based down in Medford New Jersey down by cherry hill area and they were soon into oblivion by Apple so that is Apple's connection to the Garden State there's a lot I didn't talk out due to time there are a million things so the army I didn't mention AT&T for those who don't know the OEE known as the I Triple E is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers the Rawls biggest trade association for electrical engineers a company called entered data a company called Monroe calculator Princeton University a company called vonage those are some examples of things I didn't have time to mention in the weeds of computer history in New Jersey there's an organization called the vintage computer Federation a non-profit group of hobbyists nationwide which has a computer museum which is located it had a larger science was even called the info H Science Center down in Wall Township at that former camp Evans army base said that's pretty cool I for better organization fifteen years ago I just resigned from the back of December and among the things in that museum is a little teeny tiny piece of one of the Moby Dick computers my website is snark net you'd find more information about computer history you could email me at Evan that's NARR net and now which refer I will turn it back to you please on new people for questions and I hope there are some yeah I mean I just want to say thank you so much that was so interesting I think it's really great when you know history is kind of related and located in places that we're all familiar with it really makes it come alive so are yes anybody have any questions so how do you please that's a question Evan I'm surprised you didn't mention Sol lives I mean yes where you are I can't mention everything as the amateur Computer Group in New Jersey was founded by a few different people two of which were named how cats who today is a electrical jury professor at the College of the Jersey and saw Ibis leaves my Sherpa house it saw passed away of cancer a couple of months ago and he had stage four he was in you know bad sheep for a long time and he was also one of the founders right there and he was they were both active actively involved with their computers in AC NJ and Scotch Plains just until last year Todd how do you know about Psalm whoops you're muted Todd let me see if I can uh meet you Jennifer I think he's still muted oh right right because you went there of course yes okay questions just you know to comment I mean I know saw mostly from s100 you know very well-read influential technical mags mmm-hmm for people interested in me was called the s100 systems and the cp/m operating system just thought he was a very influential microcomputers from New Jersey that deserve dimension he got his start at Union County College as a professor and he was one of the founders of AC JJ it's fair to say that there are probably over you know from the 1970s through the 1990s actually through 2000's there are probably hundreds of electrical engineers a computer engineers from New Jersey who were educated by Saul his his influence has spread far yeah he just passed away a few months ago I believe in December I assume one of the groups that you didn't have time to mention was the Princeton graphics systems he has with their line of monitors as an alternative for the i-beam PT yeah but that's awfully arcane I picked top 10 Main Street highlights all right yes can't do everything anybody else have a question I just was interested I had never heard that before there was a C language there wasn't a in there wasn't you Google program languages don't Wikipedia there were they went up to like a or something before they give up yeah so I've never googled that but also what what happens to those so catch off they did some before just fade away just don't catch on it's like you know you're about bands that are one-hit wonders right you if you can have a band it's a bigger you know band a bunch of nobodies for 20 years and they make one song it catches on see going on yeah see see they threw a bunch of stuff at a wall and see stuck and everything you have then your ISO and everything else it's all based on UNIX and since I'll make one other comment you're talking about high school students getting involved in computing and I went to Woodbridge High School graduating class of 66 and then 65 was part of an experimental group we had an instructor from the American can company I think out of Hoboken at the time who came to teach us a small group of us computer programming as unit but you never touched a computer 11 we never touched the computer we just wrote on the coding forms right but he ran on programs for us which essentially was an 11:30 Auto coder was the language we learned and I think we I remember solving quadratic equations with that yeah I'd be more than happy to talk to him or I'll fly about things like 11:30 Auto code nurse I've been trying to keep its really really mainstream I have a question yes Charlotte what makes a language point of a better than another like why does one language catch on where another language doesn't usually it's because of who uses it okay for example you know this was bent and Bell Labs was working as an engineer at Bell Labs like working at Google and Facebook and Twitter Apple combined today that was where it
was act so they have more influence than everybody else so that was the major factor also everything was based on everything else nothing was invented in a vacuum C came out of another language developed somewhere else called BCPL and MIT had a role and everything else so it was evolutionary and it was it was good certainly it must have been good because it's still used today there was a language called C++ and now and now which is also at Bell Labs and now Microsoft has a language called C sharp so it was good but it was just as much because of who did it okay and also seeing UNIX go hand-in-hand you can't have one without the other and a lot of companies chose you take sorter operon system and if you got eunuchs you got sick you can't really they go together so it's sort of rude on unix's coattails in a way because I'm and we can go offline if you want but I was going to say it's sort of like you know English you know you know the English language is a month of all these other languages but yet it's such a prevalent language why would anybody use English well because that's what yeah I mean you know using that maybe you could say me you know maybe there is an English coin on and is dominant today because of the British Empire right an American industry the Industrial Revolution largely done in Britain America so our language caught on in the computer industry largely done by Bell Labs and IBM and companies that happen to pick that language in UNIX so they're quite on yes Todd great talk we watch portions of it sorry if I went to invest now i 4-h leaders so I think it's neat that New Jersey is quite the crossroads I was in some small way my own part of it I had a uncle who ran a business fixing cable boxes for cable companies but on the side started buying the first IBM pcs rolling off the assembly line don't say first well there they were okay I won't say the first mass some of the mass-produced ones he would buy them for coming to couldn't have people install the software install the hardware box them up and send them out and I was a part of that for a summer it was really a neat time but my question in this talk has been Greene about the past what do you see looking forward in terms of what's going on in New Jersey for the future of computers okay if you feel so inclined that's a bit of a more difficult question but I'll give it a shot I I'm gonna answer your question by starting by starting 20 years ago almost all of us at work have a Cisco phone on her desk and most of the phone calls we use today are not over a real telephone line anymore most of the phone calls we had today whether you know it or not behind the scenes are over the Internet it's called voice over IP and maybe you know it may be a don't but I mean you know the actual lines out on the phone networks Sprint Verizon AT&T it's all over the internet whether you know it or not not over the public Internet but still and one of one of not the inventor but you know the the the Henry Ford of that industry was a company called Vonage which is in Newark back in the 1990s and 2000's quantum computing is one of the most exciting things in existence instead of using a transistor which could be a 0 or a 1 it's based on quantum physics which can be 0 1 both at the same time or neither and quantum computing is unhackable because the only thing quantum computing is at the speed of light literally you can't go any faster than that so until they develop hyperspace computing even if you had another quantum computer by Einsteins laws of relativity it can't possibly be faster because it's speed of light maximum and a quantum computer the bit changes instantly so if you have the only application of code or five or six quite the computers in existence today I don't mean cons you can purchase I mean actual ones in existence and yeah I'm getting to New Jersey parks and the only real application of them so far is computer security they actually have products commercial products the corporation can buy today call quantum random number generators when a computer sees a software a conventional computer generates a random number it's never truly random with enough proof you can guess it a quantum computer even if you could guess it with another quantum computer by time you can guess it it's changed because that's what quantum physics does so it's unhackable until they invent hyperspace or time-travel computers and one of the leading pioneers of quantum computing is in fact still Bell Labs in Union County today I'm not trying to blow my employer but my job at NJIT is I'm a science writer and I just wrote an article about this a month or two ago that we're going to offer our first course of one that could you any next semester taught by the Bell Labs engineer so that's interesting [Music] other future directions of computing biological computing Microsoft and some other companies have R&D systems with computer chips based on living cells now people who have PhDs to computer science might dispute this I've had from fascinating gigs of this but if you take a computer system based off a living cell and a computer system based on quantum physics that's analogous to a brain in neurons and imagine the possibilities that's not happening any time soon but but I mean it's the RG is there okay Lisa Debbie any questions okay if anybody has any questions later on or thinks oh I should have asked on that please email me it's Evan at SNA our c.net and I will send the information out about where you will be able to access this once we get that uploaded I have a present for you Jennifer I will send you on software the archive of the ACA G and J newsletters for the Scotch Plains library to have Oh terrific yeah that'll be much appreciated okay neat everybody what Evan thank you very much that was really fascinating we really appreciate you sharing that with us and everybody make sure you go forth and tell the truth about Kobol now the nests enlightens us all whatever you do never say that you have or bought or saw the first computer system no F word goggle F word all right good everyone hey thanks for coming everybody take care
