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Verify observer attachment

so welcome everyone uh it's my pleasure to introduce the invited speaker of the second day of ifm edward lee edward is a robert s pepper distinguished professor uc berkeley where has been in the department of ethical engineering computer sciences faculty since the 1980s his research targets cyber physical systems in a very broad sense and essentially it defines the modern combination of controlled theory and formal methods the impact of his work has been very broad and not limited to just the pure research in fact this group among other thing is that development of widely known office or software projects for example best known is probably project ptolemy he has also been an influential educator recognized by several awards awards such as the terminal award for engineering education and recently has also published a popular science book titled plato and the nerd which gives an optimistic perspective on the impact of technology on our lives today is going to talk about how the fundamental concept of state in distributed and parallel systems depend on the observer and how determinism affects the picture so edward welcome again to ifm and we very much look forward to your talk thank you carlo uh i i wish i could be there in lugano with you maybe next year when uh or the year after that but that's the way things are these days so the focus of my talk today is probably going to surprise some of you because i'm taking aim at a core concept that underlies a lot of the verification that we do which is the notion of state often verification problems begin with an automaton or transition system without really questioning where those come from and what is the foundational meaning of the states of the system we just take that as a starting point for our models and i'm going to show that if you don't put some thought into what you mean by the state of the system you could find that the same system is safe or unsafe uh depending on how you define state and you can find that the same system is easy to verify or hard to verify in terms of uh you know the state space explosion problem uh again depending on how you define state and i'm going to show that it's impossible to define state without also defining an observer so let's get right to it and first of all i want to clarify that i'm not talking about these kinds of states but i'm talking about the state of these states so i'll use a capital s for a state like georgia and i'll use the u.s election to talk about a state transition system um it's been kind of entertaining to watch it over the last couple of weeks so let's focus on the state of georgia the state of georgia as you may know was uh one that uh has been extremely close uh...