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FAQs
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What is the pettiest complaint you have heard from a home-owners association (HOA)?
In my very first condo building, one of the other residents didn’t like me. Most people also didn’t like her, but she was a lawyer (she told everyone, I knew she was just starting law school), so they deferred to her. She somehow convinced them that they didn’t need to do the 2 things required for association meetings per the laws in my area - send a notice of the meeting date, time, and location to all owners at the address the association has for them by mail, and post a notice of the same in public areas of the building that all owners can access, both at least 21 days in advance - and held an association meeting that specifically excluded me and 2 other owners using this tactic. Keep in mind this was an 8-unit building, so excluding 3 units from representation meant that they didn’t have a 2/3 (67%) vote, required for many things.During that association meeting, they passed 3 rules (two of which were completely bunk because they were amendments to the bylaws which required a paper ballot, mailed, which at least 2/3 of owners agreed to)…(1) Any owner who did not park their car in their designated parking spot at least 3 nights a week forfeited the use of that parking space to the association to assign or use as they saw fit (parking spots were limited common elements, and any amendment to their use constituted a change to the bylaws; I and one other owner did not own cars, but occasionally let friends park in our spaces, and the car owners wanted our spaces for guests of their own). To best accomplish this, “resident use” spaces could only be used by a car the owner notified the association they possessed, with the license plate and VIN and proof of ownership by a resident, at least 2 weeks prior to that car parking in the space. Guests could not use “resident” spaces, nor could owners for rental cars. Yeah;(2) No one could consume alcohol “on the premises” within “plain view” of other residents. This was precipitated by an uber-”christian” owner who kept us “heathens” out of the association meeting. Everyone thought this meant in just the common spaces, but they were WRONG. Banning having a beer in our big yard was bad enough, but this owner meant if she could see you at all. So, I ended up being the first one “rung up” about it. Since I didn’t even know the rule had passed (minutes and vote results were also not mailed as required by law), she had our management company blowing up my phone on a Friday evening about HAVING A BEER ON MY PRIVATE BALCONY. She could see me from the parking lot, that was “in plain view of other residents,” and I needed to stop. BUT WAIT, THERE’S MORE. A neighbor on the first floor was sitting on her couch having a glass of wine when Ms. Perfect walked up to the main door of the building. HER BLINDS WERE OPEN, THAT VIOLATES THE RULE, SHE EITHER HAS TO CLOSE HER BLINDS OR STOP DRINKING *INSIDE* HER OWN HOME. Edit, and I don’t know how I forgot this before: the woman who was hassled for drinking wine in her own living room WAS AN ORDAINED MINISTER. And I don’t mean online just to marry your friends (not necessary in DC…for $30 to the city anyone can perform a wedding, and for $0 beyond the cost of a marriage license you can self-signNow a marriage if both parties are over 21 and sign the proper paperwork)…in an actual, physical, local church, one with a pretty conservative bent (I attended her wedding in her church…they ain’t “progressive” (in a weird stroke of “it’s a small world,” she got engaged to a fairly close coworker of mine just a few months after we both moved into the building…they actually met before either of us moved into the building and didn’t know that we had this weird connection until after they were engaged, when I walked out my door to see my coworker standing in the front yard and said “what the hell are you doing here???”))! And SHE’S being heckled for having a glass of wine with her husband on a Friday evening in her own living room!(3) The building was sold as pet-friendly, with no restrictions. The lawyer neighbor moved in a big, poorly mannered dog just before said association meeting where they excluded several of us. She then proposed to ban all pets, even down to a goldfish in a bowl, except those already in the building. The allowance of pets was actually written into the bylaws (unusual, but it does happen), so, again violating the bylaws except for her own benefit. I was in the process to adopt a dog at that time (appropriate to a small condo and less than 1/3 the size of hers), and I only found out about the bylaw change when I asked the management company for a letter stating dogs were allowed to present to the rescue.Thankfully, all this was resolved pretty quickly when the 3 of us who were excluded from the meeting and a fourth who objected to most of the rule changes paid (payment is necessary unless there’s a good reason for them to do work pro bono) a lawyer friend of mine to write a simple letter asking for proof the meeting and bylaw changes had been properly conducted. The “lawyer” girl sent a letter back saying, without proof, they had, but upon further insistence, the management company stepped in, said that the proof was not there, please don’t sue (since they would be on the hook for not conducting the meeting properly), and asked for permission to re-do the association meeting, with proper notice, in a proper place, and with proper balloting for bylaw changes. We agreed, all measures failed when properly voted upon, and the “lawyer” and “christian” could only get revenge on us through disapproving stares and putting their units up for rent as soon as they could afford something else.
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What is something that needs to be said about Aretha Franklin?
Aretha Franklin is indisputably recognized as the Queen of Soul, but she liked opera and also sang opera. She was a highly gifted vocalist and musician, and many people have no idea that Aretha Franklin once stood in for opera legend Luciano Pavarotti.And she sang the sweet bejesus out of that opera music.Luciano Pavarotti's signature piece of music is the stunning and highly difficult opera aria, "Nessun Dorma," (it means "None shall sleep") from the 1924 Puccini opera Turandot. His global fame with this piece is so high even people not remotely familiar with opera could probably hear a bit of "Nessun Dorma," and take a stabby guess after hearing it that it is Pavarotti singing. Basic dudes sitting in the local pub know who Pavarotti is."Nessun Dorma," famously has an astronomically high B note that has to be hit at the climactic end of the piece, just at the moment of the moving cry, "Vincero!" ( "I shall win!"). Most opera performers take months of practice to perfect this piece of music, and the range in this piece of music is hard to manage for the most trained of singers as it goes rumblingly low, and also very dramatically high. Plus, it is usually a piece of music associated with a male singer, a tenor.Yet Aretha Franklin stepped in for an ailing Pavarotti, singing his signature piece of music with only two hours notice at the 1998 Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. She sang it two days prior for a fundraiser, but singing for a local fundraiser event is very different than singing for a large audience at an event which is broadcast to millions live, the Grammy awards.[1] An excellent concise recalling of this is found online at a website called, Datalounge:Luciano cancelled 2 hours before show time. The producers had the entire Los Angeles philharmonic there. The story goes Aretha finished rehearsal of her own number and noticed the commotion. They told her what happened. She said. Let me look at the music. They gave her an ORCHESTRAL score which Aretha sat down and proceeded to play with the proficiency of a 4th year Julliard student. She said the Italian might pose a problem so could she have monitors with both English and Italian words by her. She sang the song three times more and said I'll do it.Two hours after that, Aretha Franklin stood on stage and sang an aria most operatic tenors take months to learn.The press, looking for a scandal, found opera star Renee Fleming in the audience and breathlessly asked what she thought. Ms. Fleming said "Aretha Franklin can sing the phone book and it would be just fine with me"!Later that night, Aretha came back to her hotel room at the Four Seasons. She can't get in the door. There are hundreds of her favorite flowers all over the room. And a big note. "I owe you . You were amazing. Luciano ". The next day both the Julliard school and The Metroplitan Opera House called to congratulate her. That's what happened.[2]People highly criticize Aretha’s operatic performances of, "Nessun Dorma," with scathing remarks. She gets no "R-E-S-P-E-C-T."Armchair critics don't like her breathing, they don't like her vocal flourishes, and purists do not like how she switched between English and Italian. But I do not care. Both of the video recorded performances of "Nessun Dorma," make me cry, and I just love that Aretha makes the music her own, she makes it in HER signature style. That is no small feat to take another performer's signature piece and remake it, to sing it in your own signture style. That is ballsy, absolutely. Yeah, she could have imitated how Pavarotti sings, to mimic his style, but rather she sings it like the Queen of Soul. Some people called that "grandstanding," but that seems petty and small minded to me. The woman had two hours to prepare, including travel time in Los Angeles which has horrible traffic, for a highly challenging piece of opera. Not sure how many singers would even agree to the task.I love that Aretha Franklin took opera music and treated it as if it were a living, breathing work of art that can be malleable, not dead and fossilized.This is what needs to be said about Aretha Franklin: You passed away early today, and your legacy is mostly your phenomenal soul music, but for me your singing of Puccini's "Nessun Dorma," stings my heart, and slices right through, and more people need to hear this:Edit:Well, the Grammy people are cracking down on YouTube, and they are continually thoughout the day removing ALL videos of this amazing Grammy performance as I guess it is considered copyright infringement. Too bad.A fair approximation of the original 1998 lush orchestral Grammy version of "Nessun Dorma" can be seen in its uncut glory here from a 1999 "David Letterman Show" televised performance:Footnotes[1] Aretha Franklin Takes Over for an Ailing Luciano Pavarotti & Sings Puccini’s “Nessun Dorma” at the Grammys (1998)[2] Aretha's "Nessun Dorma"
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What are the best electronic signature (e-signature) solutions on the market, in your opinion?
[full disclosure: I’m VP Digital Transformation at Solutions Notarius Inc., a company that supplies electronic and digital signature solutions]It completely depends on the requirements. I do not believe there is a uniquely better e-signature solution for all scenarios. For example, if the type of documents to be signed require low to medium reliability only, most modern e-signature platforms could be ok, subject to meeting legal requirements in the applicable jurisdiction, but if the document must meet stringent regulatory and statutory requirements that include high reliability of identity of signers, those platforms do not typically meet that threshold.Ideally, you would analyze, define and obtain agreement as to what constitutes the minimal acceptable legal reliability threshold you are willing to accept - or that readers of that document will accept. Next, define the technology requirements that correspond to that threshold. Finally, research e-signature options that meet these requirements and provide the best combination of price, features, scalability, etc..Finally, it should be noted that higher legal reliability e-signature platforms and solutions can always accommodate lower reliability documents while the converse is not true…
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How do I register a startup in India? How much money and time does it take? If am currently only 17, what issues will I face dur
Algorithm for starting a Private Limited Company: Engineer's View Personally I believe, If someone is starting a company with long term perspective or to bring some change through their unique Product/Services, one must go for Private limited firm. Prime reason for this is easy to raise funds from Angels/VC in case you go for investment. Step 1. Registration of Company 1. Name Selection: Check whether your desired company name is available or not at MCA website [ http://www.mca.gov.in/ ]. Name must be unique & must resemble with business you intend to do (highlighted one). EX: Arihant Labs Retail Services Pvt. Ltd 2. Registration of Name at ROC: Name approval usually takes maximum of 14 days. This is done online through MCA website. Moreover, you need to apply with at least 4 names for approval with a writeup about significance of names with main business of the company. 3. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Options for names for the proposed Company (on the basis of preference) 2. Amount of Share Capital; proposed shareholding ratio 3. A paragraph on the proposed major line of business of the company (main objects) 4. City of Registered Office. 5. Copy of ownership deed/sale deed(if property is owned) 6. Copy of rent agreement with NOC (if property is rented) 7. Copy of latest electricity bill/telephone bill/mobile bill for both directors 8. Copy of latest electric bill/telephone bill for the registered office proof. 4. Obtaining DIN & DSC: 5. 1. Documents Required 2. 1. PAN Card copies for directors and shareholders. 2. Voter ID/Passport/Driving License for directors and shareholders. 3. Occupation of the Directors for directors and shareholders. 4. E-Mail IDs of all directors and shareholders. 5. Phone Numbers for all directors and shareholders. 6. Photos for directors and shareholders 6. Company Incorporation: After above mentioned formalities have been completed, we need to file following forms/docs in Rs 100 stamp paper: 7. 1. Affidavits for non- acceptance 2. INC 9, INC 10 3. DIR 2 4. NOC : This is required to be filed by the owner of the property on which your company will be situated. 5. Subscriber Sheets of MOA & AOA 6. Documents required for filling MOA & AOA 7. 1. Must be filled on OWN handwriting 2. Passport size photos 3. Sheets needs to be witnessed by CA/CS/Advocate Step 2. Obtaining PAN/TAN: After company gets incorporated, you may apply for PAN/TAN. Step 3. Trade Licence in case you are selling PRODUCTS: This is required in some places for carrying out sales. You can obtain this from local Municipality. Step 4. VAT/CST registration for selling Products: For selling intra-state, you need VAT registration & for selling inter-state, you need to register for CST. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Trade Licence 2. Company Incorporation Certificate 3. PAN card of company as well as of all the directors 4. Proof of residence of Directors 5. Proof of occupancy of place of business (Rent agreement/ ownership deed, Rent Bills etc) 6. MOA & AOA of company 7. Current Account in the name of company in any national bank Step 5. Service tax registration for Service Industry: In India, you need to pay service tax of 14.5% on every services you have charged customer for. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Company Incorporation Certificate 2. PAN card of company as well as of all the directors 3. Proof of residence of Directors 4. Proof of occupancy of place of business (Rent agreement/ ownership deed, Rent Bills etc) 5. MOA & AOA of company 6. Current Account in the name of company in any national bank That's All folks! Your STARTUP is up to Conquer the World. UPVOTE & SHARE your views/issues We at labkafe [ http://labkafe.com/ ], prefer taxmantra [ http://taxmantra.com/ ] for our legal requirements.
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Why was the F-117 retired so quickly?
.“If it don’t look right, then it don’t fly right.” Ancient aviation saying. I thank Donnie Morrow for sharing it with us.Okay, military pilots and people, get ready for a good laugh: the reason the F-117 was retired early was simple:It didn’t look right.Oh, I can hear the gales of laughter right through my screen. Look, you really don’t have to flame me. Just two words will do: you wrong.But look at this:And this:Yuck! That is not a plane a self-respecting USAF fighter pilot could love. One Commenter, Erin Samai, saw this “fighter” at the Farnborough UK Airshow and likened it to a “flying tent.”While we’re talking fighter, I notice that no other Answer gives the real reason this “boutique bomber” —Rajan Bhavnani’s great term—was strangely designated F-117.The reason was that crafty Air Force brass wanted to lure high caliber pilots. Those would be fighter jocks. A jock would see that F and think, ‘Oh boy, I’m gonna be flying some super secret high performance fighter!’ Certainly not a flying tent. Or, more technically, not flying a “stealth attack aircraft,” aka, invisible bomber.Fighter pilots live and love to dogfight, not driving bomb dumpers. Yawn. And there was no way in hell F-117 could dogfight: it carried no weapons for air-to-air combat. So imagine those hi-cal pilots’ dismay when they clapped eyes on the Nighthawk: “WTF is this? Guys, this thing ain’t no fighter! We been hornswoggled!”In Operation Desert Storm, Saudi’s named the F-117 "Shaba,” Arabic for "Ghost."Since other Answers provide such extraordinary technical details—I’ve learned a lot—I shall do what I always do in these circumstances: tell stories.In the late ’70s, I was in flight training at Burbank Airport (now Bob Hope Airport), north of L.A. I chose this field for its interesting array of flight operations: training, airline, corporate (flying “heavy iron,” pilot-speak for biz jets such as Gulfstream, Bombardier, et al) Many of these sleek mini-airliners were owned by movie stars from nearby Hollywood.There was another operation, an extremely secretive one: Lockheed’s famed Skunk Works. The U-2 and SR-71 Black Bird spy planes were designed here by aeronautical super star Clarence L. “Kelly” Johnson. (February 27, 1910 – December 21, 1990) His sinister black hangar stood just across the field from my training base, wreathed in mystery.Johnson (left) with Gary Powers and U-2. On 1 May 1960, Powers was shot down over the USSR, causing a major Cold War incident. The Soviets, in their frantic efforts to down his U-2, shot down one of their own MIG-19 fighters, killing the pilot.“Oh hey! Sure, come on up. I bet we won’t be able to do this in the future ….”At Burbank I befriended the tower controllers and would often climb up to the glassed-in cab—impossible these days, of course. One morning I came up and a controller said, Oh, you missed some fun last night, Cameron.Seems the Air Force had called up and ordered them to douse the lights on the field at precisely midnight. The controllers pointed out that legally they couldn’t do that. The Air Force played their ace: the “national security” card. The controllers didn’t fold. Nope. USAF had to settle for dimmed lights.At midnight, a gigantic C-5 ( for you non-pilots, this is the largest USAF cargo plane) landed and trundled over to the Skunk Works, sticking its monster snout into their black hangar. Tall shrouds were erected to block view of the C-5’s loading ramp. Grim USAF security in trademark blue berets and automatic weapons established a perimeter around the mammoth plane. It hastily gobbled up something skunky and flew off.Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. Its cargo deck is 1 foot longer than the Wright Brother’s first flight.Next day, the field was abuzz as controllers, pilots and ramp boys speculated on That Top Secret Thing snatched from the Skunk Works. Was Lockheed “reverse engineering” an alien craft? Gee, do you think the government really has…alien pilots on ice? Whatever. It was the usual UFO clap trap.Now, this amuses me about our Air Force. They love to go: “DON’T LOOK! THIS IS TOP SECRET!” So, of course, we all look. If that midnight C-5 had just landed at high noon, trundled in like any normal C-5 and, ho hum, gobbled up some plain ol’ package—no shrouds, no blue berets—and took off, well, no one would have batted an eye. No alien nonsense. But no fun for USAF, either.Much later, we’d learn that the skunky thing was Have Blue, prototype of a revolutionary aircraft designed to evade radar detection. Ironically, the father of stealth was Soviet mathematician Petr Ufimtsev. Fortunately for the United States—remember, this was in the Cold War—Lockheed engineer Denys Overholser took Ufimtsev’s work seriously; his own people, the Soviets, hadn’t.Have Blue incorporated decades of secret aeronautical design work. Now, in the belly of that C-5, she was headed for her first flight at a field so secret, it didn’t exist. There, an assemblage of Air Force brass and Lockheed engineers would watch, holding their breath. Then, as Have Blue climbed away, there would be cheers, high fives and hugs, and, sure, a tear or two from aeronautical engineers who had labored so long and secretly on this peculiar airplane.Have Blue. 60% scale F-117 prototype. (Scott Hanson informs me these weird names are produced by a random name generator to remove human bias)Top photo below: Until the advent of Google Earth, the Air Force denied Area 51 existed. “Don’t you look, ‘cause it ain’t there!”Bottom Photo: F-117s at Langley AFB , Virginia. 64 were built.Flash forward a couple of years. I open the Los Angeles Times and, wow, there’s this big article about some USAF plane crashing in the remote mountains above Bakersfield. Now, normally such an event might rate a few lines of copy on page 15. Not this one. What was the big deal?The big deal was that the Air Force had called up all the major news outlets for an important press conference. OK, about what?Well, the Air Force Press Officer told the assembled journalists, we’ve thrown a “National Security Zone” around a crash site up in the mountains. Huh? Say what? One reporter asked to what altitude this zone extended. “To infinity.” WHAT? “Don’t look! Don’t look!” Big article. Much more fun than just saying nothing—which would have been logical given the remote location of the crash.Years later, we’d learn that the unfortunate craft was our little Have Blue. From the first, she had stability issues. Pilots nicknamed her the Wobblin’ Goblin. Luckily the pilot bailed out okay.F-117s were temperamental and required exceptional maintenance.Let’s return to my point about pilots and the (sexual) aesthetics of their fighter jets. Oh go ahead, laugh! I say sex is an unspoken factor here—and sometimes spoken, as you’ll see in a sec.There’s an old adage in the world of business: sex sells. Never truer than in the fighter jet business.In 1993, the Pentagon established a massive $200 Billion winner-take-all Joint Strike Fighter competition. Two candidates, Boeing’s X-32 and Lockheed Martin’s X-35 went nose-to-nose.I looked at them. Now, I’m no fighter jet expert, but without knowing anything about them, I knew, knew the Lockheed would win. Hands down. End of discussion.Boeing X-32Lockheed Martin X-35Why so certain? Well, look at them. The Lockheed is sleek and sexy in its graphite paint scheme, its come-hither canopy and raked tails. It’s a fighter jock’s dream! The X-32 is anything but. It’s more like—forgive me, Boeing—a happily vomiting albino frog with wings. Am I too unkind?In the testosterone-drenched world of fighter pilots, flying a sexy airplane is like going on a hot date. Seen Top Gun? The Grumman Tomcat is as much the star as that other Tom. I’ll go out on a wing: Tomcat was the sexiest airplane ever to fly. Show me another airplane that could upstage a movie star.Beyond the beauty of its lines, swing-wing Tomcat could fly faster—1544 mph and further, 575 mi—than its successor, the uninspiring McDonnell Douglas Hornet, (1190 mph and 460 mi.) And Tomcat regularly blew off Air Force jocks in mock air battles.But Sec of Defense Cheney had an inexplicable hostility toward the plane: it was a Grumman “jobs program.” (Oh come on! What defense program isn’t?) It had “60’s technology”(ever heard of…upgrading?) He denied a last-minute Navy plea to keep a few beloved, yowling Tomcats around.Some say he was bribed by Boeing. Could be. He certainly went to extraordinary lengths to make sure Tomcat never flew again, ordering Grumman to destroy all its machine tooling, making it impossible to build future planes. (Can you imagine being the veteran Tomcat builder ordered to do that?)The only ones flying now (July 2019) are Iranian. Which it is why it’s illegal to own one. Parts. Tomcats can be found on static displays around the country. Note: for those of you interested in owning a fighter, you can have an F-4 Phantom for $3MM.By any measure, the F-14 Tomcat was a magnificent fighter. It’s “variable geometry” swing wings were unique. It certainly deserves a place in the pantheon of fighter greats: Spitfire, MIG-15, Bf-109, P-51 Mustang, Mitsubishi Zero, Sopwith Camel. You probably have other candidates.I am saddened that Mr. Cheney lacked the vision to appreciate Tomcat.Oh, well—’sigh’—we’ll always have Top Gun.Grumman F-14 Tomcat, retired 2006. The Navy misses it…bad.Back to the Joint Strike Fighter competition:Strangely, the drooling jocks didn’t name the Lockheed plane and pilots love to name their craft. Examples: the unlovely Fairchild Republic A-10 is lovingly called Warthog, or simply Hawg. The Boeing B-52—in service 67 years!—is the BUFF: Big Ugly Fat Fucker—oops! I meant “Fellah.”(A pilot wouldn’t be caught dead uttering a warplane’s official name: A-10 Thunderbolt II, B-52 Stratofortress)Warthog firing its Avenger Gatling gun. Google up its unique “BRRRRT!” sound.The jocks did name Boeing’s X-32 and it wasn’t a nice name like Hawg. The test pilots called her…Monica. I tell you, that name was her death knell.Why Monica? A jock would happily tell you with a wink and snicker: she’s got a big mouth, she’s ugly and…she sucks. Scratching your head? Remember Bill Clinton’s presidency? Yeah? Good. That Monica. Aha!Now, if you’re still scratching at my stupid hinting, please Google up “Monica Clinton.” There’s your answer. And dear reader, I’m not being coy; we’re talking airplane sexuality here, not human. We’re not going there.Cool Cat won, of course. (pilots had begun calling her Panther) And to be fair, her win wasn’t all on sexy looks. She could refuel in flight and hover like a helicopter. Monica could do neither.She’s now the most expensive Pentagon program in history: $1 Trillion. Think of all the cool stuff we could have had for that: high speed rail, health care for all, a chromebook XL for every kid in the country. Think!Sure, Monica would have been way cheaper—Boeing had emphasized cost control—but trust me, there would have been a pilot mutiny if Air Force brass had embraced the Vomiting Frog over Panther.Many thanks to Howard Torman for sharing his first-hand knowledge of the Joint Strike Fighter competition.The F-117 was shot down once. It occurred in the Kosovo War of 1998–99 when NATO flew it against Serbia. The historic shoot-down date was 27 March 1999.A Serbian commander of an Air Defense Missile Brigade, former bread baker Colonel Zoltan Dani, made a study of the F-117 ‘s almost invisible radar returns. On Serbian screens the plane looked like a fuzzy sparrow, useless for missile lock. But Dani detected a chink in the stealth “armor:” when the bomb bay doors snapped open, that fuzzy little bird’s radar signature lit bright for a few seconds.Now add NATO complacency. Since F-117 was supposedly invisible, the air staff got lazy and ran the same course to targets in Belgrade, the Serbian capital, on every mission. Fatal. Unfortunately, Dani was an especially clever air defense commander. He now had the Initial Point of the bomb run and a probable course into Belgrade.Serbian “Goa” Surface to Air Missile (SAM)So, when the next Nighthawk came a-bombin’, Dani and crew pounced, hitting it with a brace of well-placed Goas. Badly damaged, the F-117 tumbled out of control, crashing in a field on its back. The pilot, Lt. Col. Dale Zelko (below) bailed out unhurt and evaded capture to be pulled out by USAF Pararescue six hours later.The ultimate irony: Dale Zelko is of Yugoslav ancestry.**Thanks to Desiree Arceneaux for shoot-down details.The gleeful Serbs then invited the Russians and Chinese in for some serious reverse engineering of the dead F-117. That ended the 25 year American monopoly on stealth technology.Despite this costly embarrassment, Nighthawk continued in service for another 8 years. The Air Force had expected at least 13. But the Ghost had been outed and in the most humiliating way: by a tiny Balkan air force (Serbia combines air force and air defense) To add insult to injury, Ghost was downed by obsolete Soviet SAMs. The Air Force was stunned. There were red faces at the Pentagon.Then there was the F-117’s record in combat with its Paveway II laser bomb system. After it’s first several missions, the Air Force crowed that the plane had destroyed 80% of its assigned targets. However, on closer examination this was found to be wildly overstated. Like about 100% wildly.So, here we had this weird black plane which hit targets barely half the time, which had embarrassed the Air Force and which was a bitch to maintain.And what was that impatient roaring in the wings? Panther! The expensive love of the fighter jocks, clawing to take center stage.No pilot ever loved The Black Jet—or at least confessed to. It was a revolutionary freak and revolutionaries are rarely lovable—nor are freaks.Nighthawk had been born in great mystery at the Skunk Works and out at Area 51—mystery made greater by Air Force antics. But now, in late middle age, it’s mystique was gone—and soon it would be, too..Colonel Dani gloating over his kill.“Get me Dimitri on the phone. And that Chinese guy. I can never pronounce his name.”But why did they have to rub it in? Why? The day after the shoot-down, the Serbs, giddy with their spectacular triumph, erected this huge, hand-painted banner over the shattered Nighthawk carcass for all the gathered international press to see:“S O R R Y ! .W E .D I DN’T .K N O W .I T .WA S **I N V I S I B L E!**”JerksThe author gratefully acknowledges the many suggestions and corrections from military and civilian readers. You improved this Answer—a lot! Thank you.** Zelko and Dani would later become friends.
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What are common programming errors or "gotchas" in C++?
Plain Arrays are just as dangerous in C++ as they are in C. you can overshoot them, or give a bad index parameter and the whole thing goes off the rails.Pointers in C++ are the same pointers as in C, with all the things you need to do to make them safer to use, plus they can point to classes.Type restrictions are stricter in C++ than in C, so porting a C code base to C++ is mostly trivial unless some loose typing is involved, then you will have to be more explicit with the types.Arrays declared in C++ have their declared size as part of their type (stricter typing).int a[10] ; // type int[10] , not int*Structs are first class objects in C++ just like classes but with all public members.Struct declarations automatically generate the Big 5 default functions:Constructor,Copy constructor,Assignment constructor,Move constructor,Destructor.Function overloading is based on parameters being unique. C++ ‘mangles’ the function names internally to be unique based on return type and parameter type.Declaring an object causes its allocation and then runs its constructor. The object is fully ready once its construction is complete. If the object has members, they are constructed as well with sane default values.An object’s default initialization values for members of classes and structs:integer types set to zero;floating point types set to 0e0pointer members are not set. They must be explicitly initialized. Ifthe member will not be assigned at construction, you can specify aninitial value of nullptr in the definition or a constructor initialization list.Arrays are allocated but the values are not set if the array contents are not initialized by default. An array of class objects will have its contents initialized, but an array of ints or floats or pointers will not.reference members must be bound to initialized objects in the definition or the constructor.C has malloc() and free() — C++ has those too, but generally uses new and delete.new creates and initializes objects, leaving then in a ready to use state. If the object has initialization beyond that it is performed, then a pointer is returned.If any members of the object need initialization they are performed as well.In other words the full constructor code is performed when invoked with new.The object is created on the heap memory, and persists until deleted or the program ends.delete does a complete destruction of an object, and all its members, calling any destructors its members may have.Copying an object instance allocates a new instance and makes a binary copy of its contents. This is a shallow copy, though. If the object contains pointers or references to other objects as members, the pointers and references are copied, not what they point to. You have to write code to do the copying in that case.STL containers such as std::array, std::vector, std::string, etc, have code to automatically copy their entire contents, but custom classes need it to be written out.An initializer list is efficient in C++. If the class or struct is “trivially constructed”, that is all members are ready after calling the class constructor, then an initializer list can be used to automatically construct an instance with the members of the list. No extra copying needs to be done; the compiler will optimize the instantiation most of the time.std:string s[4] = { "one", "two", "three", "four"}; /* four std::strings are created with the contents of each char array. s is created and the addresses of each std::string instance are placed in the array. When x goes out of scope, the destructors of each element are called. */ struct K { int x[4]; int total; }; K k = { {1,2,3,4}, 10 }; // const double pi(3.1415926); // optimized by compiler double twopi = 2.0 * pi; // not optimized const double tau = pi + pi; // optimized // compiler is smart with this new syntax int a[] = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, -1, -2, 0,-3 }; int x = 0; for(auto i : a) { std::cout << i << "\t" x = x + i; } std::cout << "\n" << x << "\n"; 4 5 6 7 8 9 -1 -2 0 -3 34 for( long x : { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} ) { std::cout << x << ",\t"; if (x%5 ==0) std::cout << "\n"; } 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A C++ reference (&) is not a pointer. You have to declare a reference type with an initialization to a valid object. Copying a reference does not copy the object, but adds another reference to the object. You do not need to use pointer syntax with references; it is more like an alias than a pointer. References cannot be reassigned to any other object. When a reference goes out of scope, it unbinds from the object, but the object will still be around, bound to its declared label, until that goes out of scope, then the object destructs.Object obj; // declaration Object& objref = obj; // or references o // a becomes a reference to the input reference. void print( Object& a) { a.print(); } // both calls work // print(obj); // a is ref to obj print(objref); // a is copy of objref Object b(obj); // copy constructor Object c = obj; // copy assignment Object& d = objref; // copy reference, // objref and d refer to same object Object e(objref) // copy constructor // objref dereferenced automatically auto f = obj; // copy obj auto & g = obj; // reference obj auto h = objref; // copy obj auto & j = objref; // copy reference This makes references safer than pointers, yet you still get the pass by ref advantage, without the pointer hassle and syntax. Also you are guaranteed thatyou will not get a NULL pointer by accident passed in.C++ prefers nullptr over NULL, because NULL is a constant integer (0) so can be misused or ambiguous if functions are overloaded to accept integer parameters.nullptr cannot be converted to an integer, so always will refer to a “pointer to nothing” as intended. Any type of pointer can be assigned nullptr.The C++ template system is amazing, but it has to be able to create an actual legal C++ function or class with actual types and variables to compile. A template is not generic, it synthesizes a specific function with all the template parameters filled-out and then compiles that, from the template recipe and the parameters passed in at compile-time. It cannot ‘figure out’ at run time if the parameters are correct; it will probably catch any ambiguities though. Templates are confusing for beginners because they can not see the actual code produced by them, but eventually they get the idea that the template code is not what is being run, the actual code created by the template is run.#include
template T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; } void f() { int i = add(5, 6); std::string x("kitty"), y("doggy"); std::string c = add(x, y); } generates:template int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; } // std::basic_string is what std::string really is template > std::basic_string add(std::basic_string a, std::basic_string b) { return a + b; } template T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; } ; void f() { int i = add(5, 6); std::string x("kitty"), y("doggy"); std::string c = add(x, y); } -
Can someone who can read cursive read this and tell me what it says?
I was trained in cursive writing in elementary school, beginning in first grade.Penmanship is the proper name for that subject, which was graded by the teacher just like she did each other subject.As students we were to emulate the method of writing and shape of each letter in a precise manner.Sloppy writers were frequently called out by the teacher in class and openly ridiculed for their poor penmanship, which might occur during the teaching of any subject. This instructive technique worked well to restrain students from deviating too much from the approved penmanship methods; and conform with the official practice book’s examples and techniques for writing each upper and lower case letter.All students were required to wear white shirts, both boys and girls.We were next issued re-fillable fountain pens and required to use them in class. They would tend to drip the ink if carelessly handled.You were required to refill the reservoir of the pen from a glass jar of India Blue ink stored inside your desk. Some students usually left evidence of an ink refill, in the form of blue stains on fingers and hands, if not higher up.Most of us kept small glass bottles of bleach with glass applicator wands in our desks, too, for our penmanship purposes. You could remove drips on your papers, carefully correct misspellings, or attack stains on your shirt, by placing a drop or two of bleach on the ink spot.With the bleach you could touch up a sheet of paper, of course. This requires special finesse if the paper has been already graded for errors and you think for some reason there is cause for optimism that a grade improvement can be argued later.After the first time cleaning a cotton shirt in class with a touch of bleach, every student learned the indelible lesson to thereafter not attend class without a white undergarment beneath their shirt or blouse. Bleach on skin stings.You could also attempt removal of ink stains from your hands by rubbing them together with a few drops of bleach, but too frequent use of this technique could become more painful than stares of schoolmates noting your blue palms and fingers. Cracked skin on hands was a special problem for anyone with ambition to pitch in a little league game.The primary goal of the Penmanship course was to instruct all students to write each word rapidly and legibly, without once lifting the point of the pen from the paper; except to go back over each word after the final letter was complete, to cross the the T’s and dot the I’s that were lower case, before moving on to the following word.You younger readers may know the phrase “remember to cross your T’s and dot your I’s,” referring to a careful reading and spellcheck review of a draft composed on a PC, or final review for accuracy of all figures and visual aids in any assigned report or office project. That part of our old-style penmanship classes is where that phrase comes from.All students were taught there was only a single correct way to form and write each letter; the way it was illustrated in the school’s practice workbooks. No discussions in class concerned the fact that over the years multiple different lettering styles (fonts) had preceded the one in our guides, many with elaborate flourishes and differing designs. We were forbidden in early grades to employ other styles of cursive lettering.After advance to higher grades, there were no more penmanship courses. The burden of reading our essays and written answers became our new teachers’. Later teachers paid for the sins of lower grade teachers, if penmanship courses had been poorly taught.We continued writing in cursive, and some of us discovered alternate ways to form cursive lettering, which caught our personal fancy.It was common to practice one’s personal signature, adding flairs to exhibit a personal style. Coincidently this made forgeries of one’s name less likely to pass as your signature.As people in my generation aged, their cursive handwriting styles would subconsciously evolve as habit and choice continued to result in evolution of the writer’s style. Our earliest elementary school teachers would have cringed, but this was for some of us our first taste of rebelling against the establishment.Occupations that required frequent or extensive cursive writing favored writers’ evolution and refinement, while persons rarely called upon to write long letters or documents frequently had their handwriting deteriorate to a relatively illegible scrawl.Handwriting became a way to suggest social standing and class distinctions.Conformists generally never strayed far from the penmanship styles they had been taught in elementary school; while type “A” personalities more often varied their formation of letters more freely, particularly as to their own signatures.Signatures lawyers required to sign many documents rapidly would often change the most, reflecting haste and a lack of mental focus when signing. For some reason it seemed that doctors lack of focus extended to writing prescriptions, too.The ingrained concern about lifting a pen from a sheet of paper, and the penmanship books’ requirement to form certain letters with minute points, ovals and loops, now guides in deciphering the cursive writings of others.Usually, even rapidly scrawled cursive writing is legible despite variances in writing styles. Writing penned by lefties can be tricky, as they were forced to contort their grip on a pen to attempt to imitate standard letters intended to accommodate the right-handed.I am now going to use these experiences and expert knowledge to interpret the signature you refer to in your question.I concluded immediately that it was a signature, mostly because the writer stylized his letters as much as he dared, combining standard cursive formed letters with block letters in a manner not generally done in penning essays or letter content.First name is, to me, clearly : Steven.The first letter betrays this “S” formation because the writer clearly began by placing his pen at the upper right point, then the track shows two half circles follow, first (upper) looped to the left and the lower loop to the right;, with a final bend diagonally to the left as though to begin returning to the base line to begin the following letter, although in fact the writer momentarily lifts the pen from paper at conclusion of this capital in order to return the pen to form the downward vertical cross stroke of the second letter, forming a simplified “t” abandoning the traditional high loop of a style book, followed by another deviation, a quick cross horizontal stroke completing the “t”, emphasizing the letter by forming it similarly to a typewritten font. This “t” seems to break the rule of returning to insert the cross stroke after the word is otherwise complete, suggesting the “t” is a stylized element consistent with an individualized signature and a personalization deliberately inserted there.In this way his commonplace first name took on a personal style unique to this particular writer. It suggests he may have higher than average creative intelligence and his presumably higher social rank, or is merely a show-off.The remaining letters of the first name are rapidly formed without a lift of the pen, with the looped top of the “e” being hinted and instructing the eye to interpret the previous wavy letter as a “v” instead of the potential other interpretations. This leaves the following two humps to comprise an “n, ” because no other interpretation of then yields a logical consistent and no loop to suggest an “e” or any dot as required were an “i” intended.All of this I interpreted visually in a fraction of a second. This was in spite of the theoretical potential to see the pen marks another way. There are missing pen movements in any other interpretation.What is more, although the obviously weak formation of the “S” at the beginning of the word might for some leave the suggestion that a “G” was instead attempted, the writer has ended his signature with the flourish of a line below placed there after the signature was otherwise complete, and had the S been intended as a unusual use of a lower-case style “g” at the commencement of the signature, that line would have run through the tail of the “g” to illustrate that the writer intended the lower swoop to be a below-line tail instead of the letter being entirely above the imaginary line on which the signature was placed when writing it commenced.This is just an illustration of how we who were brought up writing in cursive were taught to think while learning our own penmanship and how individual letters are placed and usually drawn by their writers.The last name, without going through all the analysis explanations I gave to you above, appears to me to be: Peretz (the second “e”is a bit foggy, it lacks the dot required were it an “i,” and neither a “v” nor a “u” seems to be clearly formed).The final “t” and use of the “z” to double as the cross stroke of a “t”. This screams, “I am someone unique.” It also shouts the writer has a sense of style and recognizes artistic balance, with the two block letter style “t”’s framing the signature as the second and second-to-last letters in the signature. This is not the random jotting of a word on a scrap of paper.Peretz is not an uncommon last name, in fact there is a highly respected well-known attorney in South Florida named Steven Peretz, whose signature this may be.If I am wrong, my second-place guess would be “Peratz.”This interpretation assumes the writer generally forms his lower case letter “a” without closing the top, making it difficult to distinguish a lower case “a” from a “v” or even a “c.” I must mention that there are wobbles in the last apparent vowel of the name, that arguably suggest that my interpretation of it as an “e” may be wrong.“Steampunk” just fails the signature test, so I cannot swallow that interpretation. No matter how appealing that newly minted term might be, unless a stylized logo for a rock group, it just couldn’t be that. That interpretation made me remember the many telescope viewers who swore they could see the surface of Mars was covered in canals.Absent an example of a document written by a familiar person, identification of spellings in cursive can be more uncertain than we might wish, especially for signatures. Penmanship is, after all, an art form as much as it is intended to communicate.You can find similar ambiguities in Egyptian hieroglyphics and cuneiform tablets, too.Remember that the Japanese find exquisite beauty in objects betraying, with their imperfections, the hand of the artist in the medium of his creation.
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What are the career options after graduating with a Bachelor's in physics?
There are actually Three things you can do after you ‘earn’ your Bachelor degree in Physics :Continue your studiesGet a Job , orGive a JobAllow me to explain each in detail -Continue your studies :-> Here you have several Options:a) Pursue Masters from IIT by cracking IITJAM or from any other university on Physics and earn a PHd later on. You can also do Integrated PHd by applying and getting a good rank in JEST , TIFR , IISER etc.b) Pursue your Masters from any IIT (or from any other University) and then pursue MTech by cracking GATE. After MTech you can get placed in some PSUs or some reputed MNCs. Many prefer higher studies though (like PHd after Mtech). (P.S - IIT Kharagpur provides Integrated Mtech-PHd for Computer Science and Data Analytics after qualifying in GATE)c) Give an entrance test conducted by few universities for Btech and get into some good Engineering Colleges. (Ex : Jadavpur University in Kolkata conducts an entrance test for students of BSc(Hons) Physics. Qualified Candidates enter into 2nd year of BTech. Likewise Calcutta University provides Btech in Radiophysics.)d) Do Bachelors in Education(BEd) for a Teaching Job.e) MSc on other subjects like Biophysics, RadioPhysics, Geophysics, Instrumentation etc. Ex - MScTech in Geophysics from ISM Dhanbad (Note : the degree mention MScTech not MTech; Both are different).f) Other Masters programme in other disciplines if you want to do it like MCA, MBA, MA, LLB etc. (Being interested in Defence Services, personally I would have preferred Masters from Institute of Defence Studies in Pune and PHd later on— a path very few know or like to tread .)g) If you have a Gap in years after your BSc Physics and possess the thought that you will be unable to share the class with the younger generation, feel free to pursue distance learning through IGNOU. You can pursue your masters on other subjects via IGNOU or sit for an entrance examination for MSc. Physics (distance learning) which by the way IGNOU conducts in collaboration with Indian Institute of Astrophysics (forms available in the month of september).h) You can also pursue higher studies from Foreign universities. Of course you have to crack the competitive exams related for that purpose.2. Get a Job :→ You can Apply for Various entrance examinations for Banks(RBI Grade B, SBI PO, IBPS etc), Railways( ASM, Goods Guard, JE, RPF SI etc) , PSUs or State Units(AAI ATC, Electricity Executives, Forest Guard etc), Armed Forces(AFCAT, CDSE, Coast Guard(only interview) ), Civil Services(UPSC CSE, State CSE, IFoS) and Central/State Police Services( SSC CAPF, UPSC CAPF, SSC CGL etc). Crack these Examinations and earn a respectable service with the Central or State Governments or Banking Sector or PSUs.(PS : If you have completed MSc Physics then you can apply in Indian Navy as an Officer or else not. Indian Navy does not recruit candidates having just BSc in Physics. You either should have BTech or do MSc Physics- the condition valid even in UPSC CDSE recruitment)→ If you want a job in your core field(subject), there are exams like ISRO Scientific Assistant, SSC IMD Scientific Assistant, BHAVINI Scientific Assistant, NCPOR Scientific Assistant(which do not conduct any exam but only Personal Interview), NPCIL Scientific Assistant etc. which too are Govt Organisations that requires Bachelor’s in Physics as a qualification.(PS- If you complete MSc in Physics however you can apply for a relatively higher position in similar organisations for the post of Scientific Officer - Some institutes like BARC donot recruit candidates having a degree less than that of MSc.)You know the craze for Government Jobs, Don’t you? Some Jobs are indeed Earned. :)→ However You can always find a Job in the Corporate Sector. Ex: TCS, WIPRO etc.So, All the very Best if getting a Job is your sole Aim.P.S - Build and Develop Skills via sites(also Android App) like Udemy, Coursera, edX, Skillshare, Codecademy etc. Trust me sometimes recruiters will be much interested if they learn that you have invested some quality time in having knowledge which can give you an edge over other candidates. Also makes your Resume look quite attractive. Moreover guess what, most courses are totally free of Cost. After Completing the Course if you wish to have the valid Certificate with a signature and stamp from reputed universities, you can pay them a certain fee. Totally ok if you dont pay as those digital certificates will not hold much value over regular courses;but do keep in mind the skill you learn can make you top notch over others.Personally I prefer to pay as a token of appreciation. Doesn’t seem much(approx 3k INR & sometimes even only 600 INR) if you consider the fact that the knowledge you receive is immense and magnificent.3. Give a Job :→ Well you know what I am going to say. The Word that became the centre of attention lately in India- ‘Entrepreneurship’.Take risks, try out new ways, give people a source of Income, earn Fortunes and build your own Empire. And the thing is you don’t even need a Bsc or Physics to be a great entrepreneur. You don’t need to work for anyone, You can always work for yourself.But yes to be brutally honest- as lovely as the situation might seem- you will most likely Fail in this venture. Dont get me wrong but what I am saying here is the ‘Reality’. However I haven’t seen or met Entrepreneurs who didnot fail and yet achieved big.Who knows You might become the next Zuckerburg or the next Elon Musk - which by the way if you dont know, Mr. Musk has done his Bachelors in Physics. ;)These are the three things which I feel you can do. The Interest and the Will rests on you and you alone. I hope I was able to remove all your doubts. Still if you have one, feel free to comment.By the way, Upvotes are Welcome. Thank you for the 177 upvotes. Means a lot.All the Best for your future.(>_<) ♡Edit- Thank you Quorans for my first 500 upvotes.
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