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FAQs
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What is the best e-signature software?
Electronic signature also known as online signature service is a method through which the signee gives upon his agreement to information specified in the document. With the emergence of Electronic signature the need to print, scan or fax paper copies is eliminated entirely. In today’s digital world where everything is moving online so is the signing process especially when it holds legal importance and provides security to the information.Here Are Some Best E-Signature Software In 2019-MSB DocsIt is a smart and secure e signatures solution that helps in digitalizing burdensome paper process...
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How do I register a startup in India? How much money and time does it take? If am currently only 17, what issues will I face dur
Algorithm for starting a Private Limited Company: Engineer's View Personally I believe, If someone is starting a company with long term perspective or to bring some change through their unique Product/Services, one must go for Private limited firm. Prime reason for this is easy to raise funds from Angels/VC in case you go for investment. Step 1. Registration of Company 1. Name Selection: Check whether your desired company name is available or not at MCA website [ http://www.mca.gov.in/ ]. Name must be unique & must resemble with business you intend to do (highlighted one). EX: Arihant Labs Retail Services Pvt. Ltd 2. Registration of Name at ROC: Name approval usually takes maximum of 14 days. This is done online through MCA website. Moreover, you need to apply with at least 4 names for approval with a writeup about significance of names with main business of the company. 3. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Options for names for the proposed Company (on the basis of preference) 2. Amount of Share Capital; proposed shareholding ratio 3. A paragraph on the proposed major line of business of the company (main objects) 4. City of Registered Office. 5. Copy of ownership deed/sale deed(if property is owned) 6. Copy of rent agreement with NOC (if property is rented) 7. Copy of latest electricity bill/telephone bill/mobile bill for both directors 8. Copy of latest electric bill/telephone bill for the registered office proof. 4. Obtaining DIN & DSC: 5. 1. Documents Required 2. 1. PAN Card copies for directors and shareholders. 2. Voter ID/Passport/Driving License for directors and shareholders. 3. Occupation of the Directors for directors and shareholders. 4. E-Mail IDs of all directors and shareholders. 5. Phone Numbers for all directors and shareholders. 6. Photos for directors and shareholders 6. Company Incorporation: After above mentioned formalities have been completed, we need to file following forms/docs in Rs 100 stamp paper: 7. 1. Affidavits for non- acceptance 2. INC 9, INC 10 3. DIR 2 4. NOC : This is required to be filed by the owner of the property on which your company will be situated. 5. Subscriber Sheets of MOA & AOA 6. Documents required for filling MOA & AOA 7. 1. Must be filled on OWN handwriting 2. Passport size photos 3. Sheets needs to be witnessed by CA/CS/Advocate Step 2. Obtaining PAN/TAN: After company gets incorporated, you may apply for PAN/TAN. Step 3. Trade Licence in case you are selling PRODUCTS: This is required in some places for carrying out sales. You can obtain this from local Municipality. Step 4. VAT/CST registration for selling Products: For selling intra-state, you need VAT registration & for selling inter-state, you need to register for CST. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Trade Licence 2. Company Incorporation Certificate 3. PAN card of company as well as of all the directors 4. Proof of residence of Directors 5. Proof of occupancy of place of business (Rent agreement/ ownership deed, Rent Bills etc) 6. MOA & AOA of company 7. Current Account in the name of company in any national bank Step 5. Service tax registration for Service Industry: In India, you need to pay service tax of 14.5% on every services you have charged customer for. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Company Incorporation Certificate 2. PAN card of company as well as of all the directors 3. Proof of residence of Directors 4. Proof of occupancy of place of business (Rent agreement/ ownership deed, Rent Bills etc) 5. MOA & AOA of company 6. Current Account in the name of company in any national bank That's All folks! Your STARTUP is up to Conquer the World. UPVOTE & SHARE your views/issues We at labkafe [ http://labkafe.com/ ], prefer taxmantra [ http://taxmantra.com/ ] for our legal requirements.
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What is the proper format of writing formal-informal letters (with resume), speeches, articles, and notices?
If this is with respect to CBSE English Examination, there will be formats given in various books/reference materials. It is better to follow what has been prescribed by CBSE. However, from the point of view of a layman, you can follow the following formats for letters, speeches, articles, and notices:-1) Formal Letters:- Address the concerned person, along with his/her full address- Write the present date - Give a Subject Line that should briefly talk about the purpose of the letter- Address the person with salutation- Body of the letter- Sign off with your signature, name, designation, phone numberExample:To The ManagerCanara BankGole MarketNew Delhi- (Pincode)Date:SubjectDear Sir/MadamBody of the text (Here, towards the end you can mention - Please find attached my CV/resume for your perusal OR I have attached my updated resume for your reference)Yours sincerely, (Signature)NamePhone Number2) Informal Letters- Address of the person you are writing the letter to- Date- Address the concerned person with salutation-Body of the text- Sign off with your name and addressExample:-XYZ BlockABC ColonyNew Delhi- (Pin Code)Dear (Friend/Person's Name)Body of the text (Here too, you can write a sentence saying- I have attached my resume for your consideration/reference)Yours faithfully,NameAddress3) Speeches - Keeping in mind the time of the day, address by saying Good Morning/Evening- Your point of contact here is the audience, jury members and your fellow participants- Give an introduction about yourself along with the topic you are going to speak on- Conclude by a vote of thanksExample: A Very Good Morning To All of YouRespected jury members, and my dear friends. I am (Your Name) of (Name of school/college/organisation). I am going to speak to you about (The Topic)4) Articles- Depending for what purpose you have to write an article on, your beginning will vary. - However, for any article, you have to keep in mind the fact that you address the 5Ws and 1H- What, When, Why, Where, Who, and How. - Once you have these 6 things in place, you have to ensure your article has a structure. Usually while writing news articles, (which also holds true for a general article), following an inverted pyramid structure is advisable. An inverted pyramid structure basically means there will be an introduction, body and conclusion to the article. - Keep your sentences short, and crisp. - Give headings, sub-headings wherever necessary. But do not over do it. - Your headline (title of the article) should be short as well. Maximum 7 words. 5) Notice- Understand for what purpose is the notice. This is important because you may not need detailed information for everything. - Give a short heading with maximum 5 words. Eg: Come One, Come All OR Annual Fair OR Library Session OR Important Notice- Date, Time, Venue must be captured in the notice and preferably, in BOLD. - Do sign off the notice with your name, designation and organisation- The body of the notice should ideally have maximum 80 words. The shorter the notice, the better it is to comprehend for people.
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What are some good experiences with seeding/promoting YouTube videos? What works best (blog/community outsignNow, ads, clickfarms)
In this post I will try to address the various techniques that you can utilize to promote your video and get lots of views for it. It's important to note that in order to get a lot of organic traffic on YouTube, you will need to understand that its search algorithm is based on: number of views a video receives, the rating and the number of comments. 1. CREATE A LIST OF KEYWORDSFirst thing you should do is a create list of keywords that you want to target with your video. You can use Google’s Keyword Traffic Estimator (https://adwords.google.com/selec...) to help you determine the most searched keywords for your niche. Remember, the more searched the keyword, the more competition it will have, but it also means that if you can beat out competition you will get a lot of views for your video.2. FOLLOW THE LEADERAfter you came up with your list of keywords, go to YouTube and search videos that match them. Once the results are displayed click on the “sort by relevance” link and scroll down to “view count”. This will sort out the videos with most views. Click on the video then proceed to click on the “more info” link. You should see the tags that the author of that video used. Copy those tags into your videos “tags” box. You should do this for as many videos as you like. The more tags the better! YouTube will not show duplicate tags so they will weed out the duplicates for you.This technique will help you get your video to show up in the “related video” section of the videos that are already getting lots of views for the keywords you want to target. This could easily mean hundreds if not thousands of targeted views for your video.3. PINGINGThe very first thing you should do after uploading a video is go to www.pingler.com. In the space provided under “website name or title”, type in the title of your video. Fill in the videos URL. Select a category. Enter the CAPTCHA and click on the “ping my site” button.Amongst other things, pinging informs the search engines that there is new content available for indexing.4. COMMENTINGCommenting on other people’s videos can have a major impact on the amount of views your videos and profile receive. But the first thing you should do after uploading a video is be the first to comment on it! (yes, comment on your own video) This will encourage others to follow along.I have not seen many bloggers or marketers do this but it can dramatically increase the amount of comments and ratings your video receives. Just saying something simple such as “Please tell me what you think… leave a comment” or “Give me some feedback… leave a comment and rate the video” can have a positive effect on your efforts. When commenting on other people’s videos, I usually will try to find the one’s with a large number of views or go the opposite direction and comment on the newest videos to make sure I’m the first.Here is how to find the latest videos in your niche: Start out by doing a standard search for your keyword(s). Hover your mouse cursor over “Uploaded: Anytime” link and a dropdown menu will appear. You can either select “today” or “this week”.To find the videos in your niche with the most views search YouTube for your keyword(s). Once the results are displayed click on the “sort by: relevance” link and scroll down to “view count”. Immediately after you comment on someone’s video, send them a “friend” request. Having a large amount of YouTube friends will boost your credibility and also add additional social proof. Doing this will also increase the likelihood of that person publishing the comment. One of myfavorite strategies to use when commenting on videos is doing the video producer a small favor.Leave a comment saying that you submitted their video to Digg, posted it on your Facebook wall, or even sent out a tweet to all your Twitter followers. Often times these comments will be published without hesitation and some people will return the favor.5. SHARE YOUR VIDEO ON SOCIAL NETWORKSOnce you have uploaded your video to one of the popular video sharing sites, you should share it with as many people as possible. You should start with your own social network and share it on Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and other social networking sites. As you share it with your friends ask them to share it with their friends by either positing it as part of the status update on Facebook or asking people to re-tweet on Twitter. You should seek out special interest groups that would be interested in seeing your video. For example, if you created a video about skateboarding, post your video on Facebook among Skateboarding groups and fans of various Skateboarding brands.6. FORUM AND BLOG MARKETINGOne thing that I’ve had success with was promoting it on relevant forums. For example, if it is a video about dog training, it could be promoted on dog forums (there are plenty!). Basically you want to find your audience, and head there. You can put it in your signature, or even make a post about it. Just be careful that you don’t push too hard, as that could turn people off.You should also signNow out to Blogs and first leave your video as a comment, but contact the author as well to ask them to feature your video as future blog post. You should seek out Yahoo Groups and should post your video for their members to see. Post your video on as many places as possible. 7. GETTING YOUR VIDEO RATEDAs you share your video among your social network and on forums, ask people to rate it high. A high rated video will show up higher on search results, and if you target the right keywords will result in higher “targeted” views.8. SOCIAL BOOKMARKINGSubmitting your videos to popular social bookmarking websites such as Digg, StumbleUpon, and Del.icio.us can produce a heavy stream of increased traffic to your videos. Submitting to these sites will also help your video get indexed faster and provide extra link juice to increase your search engine rankings. One of the keys to effective social bookmarking is submitting other people’s content and not just your own. People who use these sites will see your profile and consider your account purely self-promotional or even worse they may see it as spam if all you are doing is submitting your own content.There is a lot of value in passing around quality information and even if the content isn’t your own, you can still be viewed as an authority if you are providing readers with valuable links to quality information.TIP – Always inform the original video/content owner that you have submitted their work to a social bookmarking website. You may get the favor returned.You can semi-automate the social bookmarking process by using a free site: http://www.socialmarker.com/, you can submit your videos URL to 48 social bookmarking websites. Or you can automate the process using social bookmarking software. The two I recommend are: Social Bookmarking Demon (http://bookmarkingdemon.com/), SocialBot (http://www.socialbot.org/).9. WEB 2.0 BLOG DISTRIBUTIONYou can use Posterous (http://posterous.com/) – to distribute your videos across multiple blogs and social networking websites.The first thing you will want to do is set up accounts and a simple blog on these services: Blogger (http://www.blogger.com/), Xanga (http://www.xanga.com/), Tumblr (http://www.tumblr.com/), LiveJournal (http://www.livejournal.com/). (You will also have a blog automatically created for you on posterous). Send an e-mail to post@posterous.com The first e-mail you send posterous should be a“test” e-mail.Place the word “test” in the subject line and just some random text in the email body. Posterous will automatically create a blog for you. You can change your blogs URL and create a username and account. In the top right hand corner of the screen, click on the “manage” link. Then, on the manage screen select “Autopost” of the left hand side. Click the “add service” button to add all of your various blogs.Now you can e-mail posterous (post@posterous.com) and your videos will automatically be post on these various sites.Enter the title of your video in the subject line. You can copy and paste the description either before or after the video. Place the link to your video. Select anchor text. The anchor text you use should be a keyword you are trying to rank for.10. ARTICLE MARKETINGWriting articles and submitting them to popular article directories can be a greatsource of additional views to your videos. Writing an article in under 10 minutes: http://mjthompson.net/257/how-to.... Doing this also provides backlinks back to your video meaning higher search results. A list of 1010 article directories: http://www.directorycritic.com/a...VIDEO SEEDING COMPANIESIf you would like to skip the headache of marketing your video, you can use of many seeding agencies to help you desired amount of views from the demographic that you want. There are a number of seeding agencies in the U.S., among the most popular ones are Virool (www.virool.com), Feed Company, ShareThrough, Jun Group and AlphaBird. Two U.K. based seeding agencies have recently introduced their services in the U.S.: ViralFactory and Unruly Media. These companies basically take your video, charge you a certain price and deliver the desired amount of views that you would want.Most of these companies will not work with anyone who has a budget of less than $100,000 and will charge anywhere between $.20-$.45 per view. They are not a great solution if you would like to just test effectiveness of a viral video as part of your overall marketing strategy. However this is a reason why my team and I created Virool (www.virool.com). Virool is basically an AdSense for video content, we distribute to blogs, games on social networks as well as iPhones. We signNow over 2 million people daily with our videos and our budgets start as low as $1000. Please check us out, e-mail me if you would like to set up a specific campaign: alex@virool.com
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What are some of the best practices for designing a RESTful API?
Use a ready made RESTful API framework, because RESTful APIs work in standard ways, no reason to develope your own from the scratch.Besides that, getting the domain logic correct is essential, because most RESTful API frameworks are very easy to use; the most work load will be caused by data model changes.It is a very good idea to have multiple APIs with clear separation of domain concerns: one API for user management, one API for billing, one API for content management, one API for whatever might be relevant. The APIs should reside on the same server and same version, but under a different path.Another good idea is to avoid bidirectional many-to-many relationships. Usually many-to-many relationships are a code smell for undistilled domain models: Instead of having a many-to-many relationship for "friendship" it might be better to have a friendlist under user resource, which is updated through PUT requests OR to have a friendlist resource, which belongs to a user resource, to which you POST friends. However, in either case you have to build a script to solve the bidirectional issue.Creative utilization of RPC's also opens up flexibility to the usage of RESTful API; even better, you can use HAL+JSON for their discovery. For example, you will very often run into a situation, where you need to access foreign keys available upon POSTing or PUTing a new entity. In such case an RPC can be very helpful, especially if you can make it reusable in a declarative manner.Also, do not forget about created_at and last_modified timestamps. Having UUID's is also a neat trick in case you need to share the data accross servers. And of course, these need to be hidden fields.In case you need to create scalable background processes, you need to be sure that the API framework provides you filtered pagination of the API responses and work with batch-mode for POST and PUT requests.And one more thing. You might need immutable read-only fields in case you need to show integration data. Certain user actions might launch asynchronous calls to other APIs, for which case the user might need to be shown some kind of status updates about the progress. Another use case for read-only fields are "constructors"; when an entity is created and initialized by a global value chosen from a list of choices, you want to freeze that answer in certain use cases (e.g. asynchronous back ground processes).Hopefully this was helpful.
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As a computer science student, what can I learn right now in just 10 minutes that could be useful for the rest of my life?
Have you ever felt that something(like taking backup of files, deleting old files etc.) should automatically happen when you connect your pen-drive to your system?Let us take an example, Suppose your teacher wants you to copy your assignments into his pendrive in front of him. The pen drive contains your final examination paper. You want your ubuntu system to automatically copy all the data from that pen drive to your hard disk automatically in the background (without even opening a copy dialogue). Here is how to do it on ubuntu:1] First let us write a simple shell script which we want to execute whenever a pen drive is connected to our system. Let us write a simple script which copies all data from the connected device to your home directory.First open a new fileemacs $HOME/script.shand add following lines to that file.#!/bin/bash sudo mkdir -p /tmp/test sudo mkdir -p $HOME/device_data sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/test sudo cp -r /tmp/test/* $HOME/device_data/ sudo umount /tmp/test Save and close the file.This script essentially creates a new directory named "device_data" inside your home folder and copies all the data from the pen drive into device_data directory.(Note: You can write ANYHTING into this script, so use it wisely :P)Now let us make this script executable.sudo chmod +x $HOME/script.sh As this script needs sudo permissions, we need to make it sudo runnable. To do this add the name of the script into sudoers file.Open sudoers file.sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers Now after the 25th line (%sudo…) add this line
ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/ /script.sh So now this script will run with sudo rights but will not ask for password! :)2]Now we need to tell our system to follow OUR rules (i.e execute our script) whenever a pendrive is connected. For this we need to create our own "udev rules" file. This file should be created in '/etc/udev/rules.d' directory.cd /etc/udev/rules.d Open a new file (with sudo rights):sudo emacs 91-myrules.rules Make sure the file name starts with "91". This gives your rules priority over other rules.Now add these lines into that fileACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="****", ATTRS{idProduct}=="****", RUN+="/paht/to/your/script.sh" Make sure you enter proper path into RUN variable.Done!!Now plug any pendrive into your system and test this!Note: 1] When you connect your external drive this script will be run and your system won’t be able to use it unless this script execution is complete! So have some patience! :p 2] This answer is written for educational purposes only! Do not misuse it.Thanks Mehak Sharma for promoting the answer! -
How close did the US come to losing the Battle of Midway during WW2?
Pretty close. It was a near run thing.The Americans entered the Battle with good advantages. They had the element of surprise. They had broken the enemy codes and knew their plans even their Aleutian adventure. (And obviously the Japanese were unaware of this fact.) There were prepared! The Americans brought more aircraft/pilots than the Japanese - the Americans brought along the survivors from the Lexington and patched up the Yorktown. They had radar and could detect enemy aircraft 100 miles away; the Japanese did not. And they had a simple and effective plan - strike the enemy carriers when they were distracted with Midway Island’s defences.Yao Zhan's answer to What should Nagumo have done at the Battle of Midway when he received his first sighting report of US carriers?But the Americans were still inexperienced compared to the Japanese. The Hornet strike team went the wrong way. The US Marine divebomber pilots from Midway Island had insufficient air training. The American strike force went in uncoordinated and often piecemeal, one at a time, allowing the Japanese to swat each threat away without getting any damage.And. The Dauntless divebombers from Enterprise that helped to deal the devastating blow to the Japanese carrier fleet were initially lost. They couldn’t find the enemy fleet. They were low on fuel.Fortunately, the Enterprise dive bomber commander, Wade McClusky, spotted the Arashi, a lone Japanese Destroyer, in the ocean (he misidentified it as a cruiser in his report). Nagumo had ordered it to attack an American submarine. Once its job was done, it headed back to the fleet.McClusky put two and two together and deduced that the single warship was heading back to the fleet. So he took its direction.The word “luck” is not one coined by me. You can read it in the American battle account. This is the report of Wade McClusky’s, Commander of the Enterprise divebomber group:Arriving at the estimated point of contact the sea was empty. Not a …vessel was in sight. A hurried review of my navigation convinced me that I had not erred. What was wrong?With the clear visibility it was certain that we hadn't passed them unsighted. Allowing for their maximum advance of 25 knots, I was positive they couldn't be in my left semi-circle, that is, between my position and the island of Midway. Then they must be in the right semi-circle, had changed course easterly or westerly, or, most likely reversed course. To allow for a possible westerly change of course, I decided to fly west for 35 miles, then to turn north-west in the precise reverse of the original Japanese course. After making this decision, my next concern was just how far could we go. We had climbed, heavily loaded, to a high altitude. I knew the planes following were probably using more gas than I was. So, with another quick calculation, I decided to stay on course 315 degrees until (1000), then turn north-eastwardly before making a final decision to terminate the hunt and return to the Enterprise.Call it fate, luck or what you may, because at (0955) I spied a lone … cruiser scurrying under full power to the north-east. Concluding that she possibly was a liaison ship between the occupation forces and the striking force, I altered my Group's course to that of the cruiser. At (1005) that decision paid dividends.(Painting by RG Smith)Jackpot. At 1002, he radioed Admiral Spruance on the Enterprise to say:This is McClusky. Have sighted the enemy.At this stage, the Dauntless bombers who had a max range of 175 miles with their 1000lb bomb were low on fuel. Some of them had already crashed into the sea after running out of fuel. To compound the problem, some of the Yorktown bombers, including the one being flown by Max Leslie commander of the Yorktown dive bomber group had accidentally dropped their bombs into the sea due to a technical glitch.By chance, the strike team from the Yorktown, comprising of Wildcat fighter escort, Devastator torpedo bombers and Dauntless dive bombers, arrived around the same time as the Enterprise group. The Yorktown team was more experienced and better coordinated. However, Leslie’s divebombers, were not the first to sight the enemy carrier fleet. It was the Torpedo group led by Lt. Commander Lance Massey that did. Massey’s torpedo bombers VT-3, together with the six Wildcat fighter VF-3 plane escort led by Lt. Cmdr. Thach, did the job of drawing the enemy CAP down to sea level, forty two A6M2 Zero fighters !!!!!! flown by elite enemy pilots.(“Zero” A6M2 fighter - a sight that brought terror to the enemy in 1942)Massey and Thach’s groups distracted the forty two Zero fighters and enemy AA from the divebombers who were commencing their high altitude attack. For the first time, Thach used his famous aviation tactic, the “Thach Weave - Wikipedia”, to confound the deadly Japanese Zero fighter. It worked! Despite the incredible odds, he managed to shoot three Zeros down. And, he survived too, much to his own pleasant surprise.Lt. Cmdr. John Thach. Veteran of the Battle of Coral Sea and Midway. He survived the sinking of the Lexington and was posted to the Yorktown. After the battle, he was assigned to training schools to teach the next batch of fighter pilots.Massey made a small change of course to the right. We took off on a heading of about southwest, and I wondered why he did that. Looking ahead, I could see ships through the breaks in the clouds, and I figured that was it. … The six Yorktown Wildcats were the only fighters that got any combat over the Japanese fleet—no other fighters. And VF-3 was the only fighter squadron in the Battle of Midway that had any signNow aerial combat later in defense of our carriers. Lt.Cmdr. John Thach account.Lt Cmdr. Lance E. Massey’s commander of Torpedo Bomber group VT-3.Massey’s Torpedo Bomber VT-3 group were not so lucky. Out of the 12 Devastator torpedo bombers, only 2 survived. Massey and his crew were killed in battle.The successful combined strike by the Yorktown and Enterprise bombers owed a great deal to luck. The torpedo bombers went in while the Dauntless divebombers were still lost in the clouds according to Leslie’s report.Their commanders had lost communication at this crucial moment. Leslie said he would not have found the enemy fleet if he didn’t see the Massey’s torpedo group turn to that direction. This is an excerpt of his battle report.Meanwhile, the Dauntless divebombers from the Hornet could not find the enemy carrier too. Their Wildcat escorts - eleven plus crashed into the sea after running out of fuel. The bombers managed to land on Midway Island before they ran out of fuel. They totally failed to find and bomb the Japanese aircraft carriers.If the McClusky and Leslie had been incompetent, over cautious, or plain unlucky, or made an error like the Hornet group - that deadly strike at 1015 would never have happened.Up to that point, the battle was not going well for the Americans. They had lost numerous aircraft and had not damaged a single enemy aircraft carrier despite their best efforts. One US Maruader bomber did come close to killing Nagumo and his entire staff with a “kamikaze style” attack; it crashed into the sea, all its crew perished.The American torpedo bombers including the new Avenger bombers were massacred by the Japanese CAP.Captain Mitscher the commander of CV-8 Hornet carrier had sent his forces the wrong way. None of Hornet’s divebombers attacked the enemy carriers that morning.Cmdr Waldron, the leader of the ill-fated Hornet Devastator torpedo group, disobeyed orders and found the enemy carriers. He bravely lead his bombers despite having no fighter escort. They were the first among the carrier bombers to attack the Japanese carriers. They were all shot down, without inflicting damage. Only one man survived from Waldron’s flight, miraculously surviving an ordeal in the ocean. Only one aircraft from Torpedo 8, flown from Midway Is., made it back, badly damaged.*The Dauntless divebombers armed with their 1000lb bombs were also operating at their maximum range. Many of them including the one flown by Max Leslie - seen in the photo below - had to ditch in the sea due to lack of fuel. At the end of the day, this wasn’t a serious problem because the Americans had sunk all of the enemy carriers. But if their attack had failed, it would have meant the Americans carriers wouldn’t have enough aircraft to mount a strong counter attack.(Max Leslie’s Dauntless crashing into the sea after running out of fuel, after the successful strike in the morning.)If Nagumo had acted prudently and sailed away from the mysterious enemy fleet after he recovered his Midway Island strike force at 0917, it is also possible that the Enterprise and Yorktown divebombers, low on fuel, would not have found him. At the very least, it would have drawn them further away from their carriers, and placing greater chance of them running out of fuel and crashing into the sea.And of course Nagumo was now aware that there were American aircraft carriers in the vicinity. Previously, the Japanese were totally oblivious to the fact that the Americans had a fleet stationed off Midway Island. When they received news of this, they initially discounted it. They were also of course unaware that their codes had been broken and would remain oblivious to this serious problem until the post-war period.Yao Zhan's answer to How did the Americans win the Battle of Midway? Was it because of technological superiority or intelligence superiority?The dive bombers were the final throw of the dice for the US Navy. If the Enterprise and Yorktown dive bombers failed like their Hornet counterparts, the Americans would have faced a disaster. They had suffered serious aircraft losses. Their torpedo bombers were massacred. Hornet had lost most of its Wildcat fighter planes - leaving only six left. Many of the Enterprise and Yorktown divebombers would fail to return back to their carriers; Enterprise lost half of its dive bombers by midday.Meanwhile, the Japanese 2nd enemy invasion fleet was also approaching Midway Island. They would have been able to bombard its airstrip at night. And, if Nagumo kept his distance, he could have used the longer range of his aircraft to take out the enemy carriers with impunity.Once the element of surprise was lost, the Americans would have lost their most important asset. The Japanese now knew that there were enemy carriers in the area. What’s more, the Americans had suffered serious aircraft losses ; if this first strike failed, they were in dire danger.Chances are that the Japanese with their elite aircrew would have won the battle and sunk all the enemy carriers without serious losses themselves.Not belittling the efforts of the American cryptoanalysts, the Midway Island airforce, and the brave American Torpedo bomber crews and of course the skill of the Enterprise and Yorktown divebomber crews, but it was very lucky that the Enterprise and the Yorktown Dauntless divebombers showed up at the same time while the enemy Zero fighters had all come down to deal with the Devastator torpedo bombers and Thach’s six Wildcats.If you disagree, read the battle reports of McClusky and Leslie.The Dauntless divebomber attack run was conducted unopposed, ideal attack conditions. Had they arrived at the wrong time, the outcome could have been considerably different.Update: I don’t have my copy of Parshall and Tully’s Shattered Sword with me. So I haven’t checked the info on Yorktown.(There is some conflict in the reporting over the timing of the strike. I believe its because the Japanese were using Tokyo time zone, the Americans were using the local time zone.)Source and other reading material:Yao Zhan's answer to How could Japan win the Battle of Midway?Yao Zhan's answer to What should Nagumo have done at the Battle of Midway when he received his first sighting report of US carriers?*Mitscher and the Mystery of Midway“Jimmy” John S. Thach account: Flying into a Beehive: Fighting Three at MidwayMax Leslie’s Battle Report Battle of Midway. You can download it here: Battle of Midway Lt. Max Leslie Signature? - MILITARY AIRCRAFT & AVIATIONhttps://www.cafutahwing.org/batt...Jonathan Parshall and Anthony Tully, Shattered Sword. Shattered Sword is the latest in-depth examination of the actual battle. Shattered Sword is extremely well researched and worth reading many times over. (When I wrote my answer, I did not have my copy of the book with me and made a few errors which I have since corrected).Barrett Tillman, Osprey Series - SBD Dauntless Units of WW2 - if you want an easy to read book of the battle, Osprey has a series on the Battle. This is one of them. Has pictures too. :)Joseph Rochefort - WikipediaThe 'Codebreaker' Who Made Midway Victory PossibleThe First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway: John B. Lundstrom: 9781591144717: Amazon.com: Books John B. Lundstrom’s, The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway (1984). Lundstrom analyses the aerial combat using Japanese and American sources to better understand and corroborate combat reports. His work is absolutely amazing and detailed. It is a must have for any person interested in the Pacific campaign and air combat.The Barrier and the Javelin: Japanese and Allied Strategies, February to June 1942: H. P. Willmott: 9781591149491: Amazon.com: BooksThe Barrier and the Javelin: Japanese and Allied Strategies, Feb to June 1942 by H.P. Willmott. This is a very satisfying book to read as it explores the dilemmas and possibilities facing the Allied and Japanese leaders leading up to the Battle of Midway. Did you know that Admiral King, the Chief of the US Navy asked the British for the use of two of their aircraft carriers, HMS Indomitable and Formidable prior to Midway but he misled them about USN losses and damage at the Battle of Coral Sea? So the British refused King’s request.Yao Zhan's answer to Could the battleship Yamato have turned the tide in the Battle of Midway?Yao Zhan's answer to What were the biggest tactical and strategic mistakes that the Japanese made during WWII?Yao Zhan's answer to Assuming Japan Navy won at battle of Midway, what could happened during the course of war?Yao Zhan's answer to During the first stages of the Battle of Midway, why did the Japanese not choose to use B5Ns or D3As for reconnaissance?Yao Zhan's answer to What are the best books about the Battle of Midway?Joseph J. Rochefort was an American Naval officer and cryptanalyst. His contributions and those of his team were crucial to the American victory in the Battle of Midway. Despite his contribution, Admiral King, the head of the USN, demoted him to command a dry-dock for the duration of the war. King’s staff were embarrassed because they did not believe the intel which as we know turned out to be correct. So they sent the brilliant cryptanalyst to waste his time on a dry dock. He received his well deserved medal posthumously long after he had died.Battle of Midway: 3-6 June 1942 Combat Narrative
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What is email etiquette?
In the age of the Internet, you might find yourself clicking "reply," typing up a quick response and hitting "send" without giving so much as a thought about what you've just written. But experts agree that your e-mail behaviour has the potential to sabotage your reputation both personally and professionally. Small Business Ideas and Resources for Entrepreneurs got in touch with some of the industry's most seasoned e-mail experts and had them weigh in on how to perfect your e-mail etiquette.1. Only discuss public matters. We've all heard the stories about a "private" e-mail that ended up be...
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