Certify eSignature Document Later

AuthenticationAlthough messages may often include information about the entity sending a message, that information may not be accurate. Digital signatures can be used to authenticate the source of messages. When ownership of a digital signature secret key is bound to a specific user, a valid signature shows that the message was sent by that user. The importance of high confidence in sender authenticity is especially obvious in a financial context. For example, suppose a bank's branch office sends instructions to the central office requesting a change in the balance of an account. If the central office is not convinced that such a message is truly sent from an authorized source, acting on such a request could be a grave mistake.IntegrityIn many scenarios, the sender and receiver of a message may have a need for confidence that the message has not been altered during transmission. Although encryption hides the contents of a message, it may be possible to change an encrypted message without understanding it. (Some encryption algorithms, known as nonmalleable ones, prevent this, but others do not.) However, if a message is digitally signed, any change in the message after signature invalidates the signature. Furthermore, there is no efficient way to modify a message and its signature to produce a new message with a valid signature, because this is still considered to be computationally infeasible by most cryptographic hash functions (see collision resistance).Non-repudiationNon-repudiation, or more specifically non-repudiation of origin, is an important aspect of digital signatures. By this property, an entity that has signed some information cannot at a later time deny having signed it. Similarly, access to the public key only does not enable a fraudulent party to fake a valid signature.

The best way still to show that a witness or Accused (“defendant” in some jurisdictions) is lying, is to point them and the court to self contradictions in their testimony, or to give clear evidence by another party or source that rebuts the witness's or Accused's evidence.As an example; a few years ago I prosecuted an Accused who essentially forcefully hijacked the business of the complainants. In the process he committed certain offences such as theft and fraud, amongst others. His defence was that he was not the main actor, he was just taking instructions from his partner who he claimed ...

Algorithm for starting a Private Limited Company: Engineer's View Personally I believe, If someone is starting a company with long term perspective or to bring some change through their unique Product/Services, one must go for Private limited firm. Prime reason for this is easy to raise funds from Angels/VC in case you go for investment. Step 1. Registration of Company 1. Name Selection: Check whether your desired company name is available or not at MCA website [ http://www.mca.gov.in/ ]. Name must be unique & must resemble with business you intend to do (highlighted one). EX: Arihant Labs Retail Services Pvt. Ltd 2. Registration of Name at ROC: Name approval usually takes maximum of 14 days. This is done online through MCA website. Moreover, you need to apply with at least 4 names for approval with a writeup about significance of names with main business of the company. 3. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Options for names for the proposed Company (on the basis of preference) 2. Amount of Share Capital; proposed shareholding ratio 3. A paragraph on the proposed major line of business of the company (main objects) 4. City of Registered Office. 5. Copy of ownership deed/sale deed(if property is owned) 6. Copy of rent agreement with NOC (if property is rented) 7. Copy of latest electricity bill/telephone bill/mobile bill for both directors 8. Copy of latest electric bill/telephone bill for the registered office proof. 4. Obtaining DIN & DSC: 5. 1. Documents Required 2. 1. PAN Card copies for directors and shareholders. 2. Voter ID/Passport/Driving License for directors and shareholders. 3. Occupation of the Directors for directors and shareholders. 4. E-Mail IDs of all directors and shareholders. 5. Phone Numbers for all directors and shareholders. 6. Photos for directors and shareholders 6. Company Incorporation: After above mentioned formalities have been completed, we need to file following forms/docs in Rs 100 stamp paper: 7. 1. Affidavits for non- acceptance 2. INC 9, INC 10 3. DIR 2 4. NOC : This is required to be filed by the owner of the property on which your company will be situated. 5. Subscriber Sheets of MOA & AOA 6. Documents required for filling MOA & AOA 7. 1. Must be filled on OWN handwriting 2. Passport size photos 3. Sheets needs to be witnessed by CA/CS/Advocate Step 2. Obtaining PAN/TAN: After company gets incorporated, you may apply for PAN/TAN. Step 3. Trade Licence in case you are selling PRODUCTS: This is required in some places for carrying out sales. You can obtain this from local Municipality. Step 4. VAT/CST registration for selling Products: For selling intra-state, you need VAT registration & for selling inter-state, you need to register for CST. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Trade Licence 2. Company Incorporation Certificate 3. PAN card of company as well as of all the directors 4. Proof of residence of Directors 5. Proof of occupancy of place of business (Rent agreement/ ownership deed, Rent Bills etc) 6. MOA & AOA of company 7. Current Account in the name of company in any national bank Step 5. Service tax registration for Service Industry: In India, you need to pay service tax of 14.5% on every services you have charged customer for. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Company Incorporation Certificate 2. PAN card of company as well as of all the directors 3. Proof of residence of Directors 4. Proof of occupancy of place of business (Rent agreement/ ownership deed, Rent Bills etc) 5. MOA & AOA of company 6. Current Account in the name of company in any national bank That's All folks! Your STARTUP is up to Conquer the World. UPVOTE & SHARE your views/issues We at labkafe [ http://labkafe.com/ ], prefer taxmantra [ http://taxmantra.com/ ] for our legal requirements.

Passport (Self and accompanying dependents)Language Test Results (IETLS)TranscriptsDegree CertificateEducation Credential Assessment (from authorities like WES or IQAS)Once you get an invitation to apply, you will need the following documents along with the above.Police Clearance Certificate (Self and accompanying spouse)Medical Exam (Self and accompanying dependents)Employment Reference LettersPayslipsProof of Funds (Balance Certificate and 6 months statement from the bank)Marriage CertificateBirth Certificate of accompanying childrenIf you are claiming points for your spouse’s education, work ex. and language, IELTS, ECA, and work experience documents are required.Nomination Certificate if you are applying through a Provincial Nominee ProgramJob offer if you are claiming points for a job offer in CanadaYour own birth certificate is not requiredLetter of explanation (Optional)Digital Photos (Self and accompanying dependents)

To open an account in Deutsche Bank, Germany, there are two choices or ways that you can open an account.Through German Consulate  [Time Consuming process] (or)Directly through Deutsche Bank [Easy process].Steps to follow for Choice ‘1’:1. To open an account through German Consulate (GC), firstly, you  need to book an appointment by sending an E-mail to your local German  Consulate for getting the required documents attested.2. Then in the mean time you need to get the ‘Bank’s Application Form’ [Can get it from the Deutsche bank’s website. Click here] and a xerox copy of your original passport.3. Now fill in the application form [Caution: Don’t write the place,  date and signature. It needs to be filled at GC.) [General queries will  be answered in FAQ’s. Please check below].4. On the day of appointment, go to the respective German Consulate withDuly filled in Bank’s Application Form.Passport Xerox Copy & Original.Pancard (original).2 passport size photos.Admission letter from university (not mandatory).Money( 30€ in rupees. Subject to current day’s exchange rate). Check in rupees here.Appointment mail copy which you got reply about date confirmation.5. Once the documents get attested, courier them to the address on the Deutsche Bank’s application form.6. With in few days, you will get a mail from the Deutsche Bank with the  details like Bank Account number etc. so that you can transfer your  money to your account.* Here you need to pay all the fees like Attestation fees, Courier  charges, travelling expenses (in case if the German consulate is not in  your city) etc.Steps to follow for Choice ‘2’: It’s very easy and recommended process as you can save fees, courier  charges and travelling expenses (in case if the Deutsche Bank is not in  your city). Very simple steps to follow. Read belowVisit the nearest Deutsche Bank branch, you can visit any branch in India for that matter.Tell them that you want to open the German Student Blocked Account, they will explain you the complete procedure.You will first have to open a Savings Bank Account with the Deutsche  Bank India (which is extra amount that you need to afford) , which has a  minimum balance requirement of INR 100,000.  Note  that every Deutsche Bank branch in India has different schemes to open  an savings account at them. Once you approach them, they will explain  you in detail.Take all the documents mentioned  above in the CHOICE ‘1’ along with  1 lakh Cheque and then they will take care of you in helping for the  rest of the procedure.Once you get the mail from the Deutsche Bank, Germany, you can transfer the amount to your account.Pay Attention: If you are processing through Deutsche Bank  i.e.; ‘Choice 2′ then I suggest that you can ask your doubts  (if any) directly to the respective Person in the Bank. Thank you!FAQ’s:1. How can I book an appointment for to get my documents attested?A: If you are going through German Consulate then just send an E-mail  to the local German Consulate with the subject, “opening a blocked  account” and write your name and contact in mail’s body. You get reply  within a day.2. Where can I get the respective Bank’s Application Form?A:  You can find them in Deutsche Bank’s website. Click here.3. Do I need to sign in the Application Form as I fill other details?A: No. Don’t fill the Date, Place and Signature columns. You need to fill and sign at German Consulate.4. I am not understanding what to fill at certain sections of the application form. Can you help me?A: Yes sure. I am attaching a sample filled in Application Form. Download here sample-db-acc.5. Can I transfer any extra amount to my blocked account?A: Yes. Put 50€ extra i.e.; total of 8090 Euros while transferring  the amount as it will be deducted by Deutsche Bank, Germany as  processing fees. If you put more no harm but it will be useless as that  amount will be just blocked and will carry no interest.6. Through which bank I can transfer the money to my blocked account?A: Any nationalized bank (of course you need to pay for processing and transferring fees) like SBI, Deutsche Bank etc.7. What’s the difference between opening a blocked account  through German Consulate and directly through Deutsche Bank?A: No difference. Difference lies in procedure that’s it. When you go  through German Consulate it is time consuming as you need to take  appointment and pay all the other charges like Attestation fees, Courier  charges, traveling expenses etc. where as you can avoid these when you  open through Deutsche Bank directly and the process will be easier. But  here you need to open a savings account at them of 1,00,000 rupees.For more information on blocked account and VISA process, go to: German Missions in India

Yes, PPF account can be transferred from one bank to another bank or from Post Office to Bank seamlessly.Procedure to transfer a PPF account from one Post Office or bank to another Post Office or BankTake the photocopy of an existing PPF Account Passbook. Later on, this may be helpful in case you find any discrepancies in your PPF account or showing the proof of investment for tax saving purpose.A written application for transfer needs to be made to the Post Office or Bank from where an investor wants to transfer his PPF Account. Along with this written application, you also have to fill the PPF Transfer Form (SB10-b). You have to provide your PPF Account Details, names and addresses of the branch/bank/post office where it is held, as well as the location where the transfer is sought. You will find the written application format at HERE.The next step is a verification process of signature by the existing Post Office or Bank. Once this process is finished, then the existing Post Office or Bank will arrange to send the original certified copy of the account, the account opening application, nomination form, specimen signature, etc. to bank branch address provided by the customer, along with a cheque or DD for the outstanding balance in the PPF account.Once the transfer documents along with Cheque or DD received by the new Post Office or Bank then you have to fill the fresh PPF Account Opening Form (Form A).Along with that, you have to fill the PPF Nomination Form (Form E), if you have not opted nomination earlier. In case you want to change your nominee, then fill PPF Change of Nominee Form (Form F).You have to submit fresh KYC documents once again (even though you submitted earlier or done KYC earlier with your savings account).You will receive the new passbook from the new Post Office or Bank with past credit is shown as Balance Transfer.From now onward, your account PPF account will be with the new Post Office or Bank as a CONTINUED ACCOUNT.Problems one may face during transfer-Too much delay in transfer (especially if it is from the Post Office to Bank). The Major reason will be the lethargic attitude of officials.Interest credit issue. As I said earlier, the old Post Office or Bank will credit interest up to previous 31st March. The new Post Office or Bank has to calculate the balance of credit interest from 1st April. However, in some instances they may consider from the date of the actual transfer. Suppose you transfer the account on 10th June 2015 then also new Post Office or Bank must credit interest considering the balance from 1st April 2015. However, few Post Offices or Banks, credit interest considering the balance from the date of transfer i.e. from 10th June 2015. Hence, check the balance and interest credited once the interest credited after the end of FY.In such delayed or errors, you have option to complain the Bank or file an RTI to rectify the same.For a complete post related PPF Transfer, refer my blog post “How to transfer PPF Account from Post Office or Bank to another Post Office or Bank?”.