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Create eSignature Presentation Mac. Explore by far the most end user-helpful knowledge about airSlate SignNow. Handle your whole file digesting and sharing method digitally. Move from hand-held, pieces of paper-centered and erroneous workflows to automated, digital and faultless. You can actually make, provide and indication any documents on any gadget anyplace. Ensure your important enterprise instances don't slide overboard.
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FAQs
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How are cracked versions of software created and why are developers not able to prevent it?
Cracked versions of software are created with the use of debuggers. (A debugger is a special type of software that lets programmers deconstruct their software into its constituent parts for the purpose of finding bugs, and thus de-bugging. Additionally debuggers can be used for reverse-engineering, or to see what is inside the software, to learn its logic. The latter method is used mostly by malware researchers to study what malware (or computer viruses) do on-the-inside. But it can be also used by an attacker to "crack" (or bypass) legal software registration, or at times, to alter normal behavior of software, for instance by injecting a malicious code into it.)For the sake of this example, I will assume that the software that is being "cracked" was compiled into a native code, and is not a .NET or a JavaScript based application. (Otherwise it will be somewhat trivial to view its source code.) The compiled native code is a bit more tricky "beast" to study. (Native means that the code executes directly by the CPU, GPU, or other hardware.)So let's assume that the goal of an attacker is to bypass the registration logic in the software so that he or she doesn't have to pay for it. (Later for lolz, he or she may also post such "crack" on some shady online forum or on a torrent site so that others can "use" it too and give him or her their appreciation.)For simplicity let's assume that the original logic that was checking for the software registration was written in C++ and was something similar to the following code snippet:In this code sample "RegistrationName" and "RegistrationCode" are special strings of text that a legitimate software user will receive after paying for the license. (The name is usually that person's actual name or their email address, and the code is some string of unique/special characters that is tied to the name.)In the logic above, the function named "isRegistrationCodeGood()" will check if "RegistrationName" and "RegistrationCode" are accepted using some proprietary method. If they are, it will return true. Otherwise false. That outcode will dictate which branch (or scope) the execution will follow.So the logic above will either show that registration failed and quit:Or, if the registration code and name matched, it will save the registration details in persistent storage (such as the File System or System Registry) using the function named "rememberRegistrationParameters()" and then display the message thanking the user for registering:A "cracker" will obviously want to achieve the second result for any registration code that he or she enters. But they have a problem. They do not have the C++ source code, part of which I showed above. (I hope not!)So the only recourse for an attacker is to disassemble the binary code (that always ships with software in the form of .exe and .dll files on Windows, and mostly as Unix executables inside the .app packages on a Mac.) An attacker will then use a debugger to study the binary code and try to locate the registration logic that I singled out above.Next you can see the flowchart for a snippet of code that I showed in C++, presented via a low-level debugger. Or, as the code will be read in the binary form after compilation:(For readability I added comments on the right with the names of functions and variables. They will not be present in the code that an attacker could see.)(To understand what is shown above an attacker will have to have good knowledge of the Assembly language instructions for the native code.)I also need to point out that having a disassembly snippet like the one above is the final result for an attacker. The main difficulty for him or her is to locate it among millions and millions of other similar lines of code. And that is their main challenge. Not many people can do it and that is why software "cracking" is a special skill.So having found the code snippet above in the software binary file a "cracker" has two choices:1) Modify (or patch) the binary.2) Reverse-engineer the "isRegistrationCodeGood()" function and copy its logic to create what is known as a "KeyGen" or "Key Generator."Let's review both:The first choice is quite straightforward. Since an attacker got this far, he or she knows the Intel x64 Instruction Set quite well. So they simply change the conditional jump from "jnz short loc_7FF645671430" at the address 00007FF645671418 (circled in red in the screenshots) to unconditional jump, or "jmp short loc_7FF645671430". This will effectively remove any failed registration code entries and anything that the user types in will be accepted as a valid registration.Also note that this modification can be achieved by changing just one byte in the binary code from 0x75 to 0xEB:But this approach comes with a "price" of modifying the original binary file. For that an attacker needs to write his own "patcher" (or a small executable that will apply the modification that I described above.) The downside of this approach for an attacker is that patching an original executable file will break its digital signature, which may alert the end-user or the vendor. Additionally the "patcher" executable made by an attacker can be easily flagged and blocked by the end-user's antivirus software, or lead criminal investigators to the identity of the attacker.The second choice is a little bit more tricky. An attacker will have to study "isRegistrationCodeGood()" function and copy it into his own small program that will effectively duplicate the logic implemented in the original software and let him generate the registration code from any name, thus giving any unscrupulous user of that software an ability to register it without making a payment.Vendors of many major software products understand the potential impact of the second method and try to prevent it by requiring what is known as "authentication." This is basically a second step after registration, where the software submits registration name to the company's web server that returns a response back to the software of whether the code was legitimate or not. This is done by Microsoft when you purchase Windows (they call it "Activate Windows") and also by signNow, and many other companies. This second step may be done behind-the-scenes on the background while the software is running, and will usually lead to cancellation of prior registration if it was obtained illegally.So now you know how software is "cracked".Let me answer why it is not possible to prevent it. It all boils down to the fact that any software code needs to be read either by CPU (in case of a binary native code) or by an interpreter or a JIT compiler (in case of JavaScript or .NET code.) This means that if there's a way to read/interpret something, no matter how complex or convoluted it is, an attacker with enough knowledge and persistence will be able to read it as well, and thus break it.There is an argument though that cloud-based software is more secure, which is true, since its (binary) code remains on the server and end-users do not have direct access to it. And even though cloud-based software is definitely the future, it has some major drawbacks that will never allow it to fully replace your conventional software. To name just a few:Not everyone has an internet connection, or is willing to upload their data online. Additionally someone’s internet connection can be very expensive or too slow to make the software run very laggy.Then there’s a question of distributed computing. For instance, Blizzard Entertainment would never make “World of Warcraft” to fully run on their servers due to immense computational resources needed to render every single scene for every player they have. Thus it is in their best interest to let each individual user’s computer to do the rendering instead.As a software developer myself, I obviously don't like when people steal software licenses. But I have to accept it and live with it. The good news is that there are not that many people who are willing to go extra mile and search for a cracked version of software. The main problem for those who do, is that by downloading a patched executable, or an attacker's KeyGen or a Patcher, they are effectively "trusting" him or her not to put anything "nasty" into it that was not "advertised on the package" (stuff like trojans, malware, or keyloggers.) So the question for those people becomes -- is it worth the cost of the software license to potentially infect your system with a nasty virus?On the other side of the equation, some developers react very negatively to any attempts to steal their software licenses. (I was there too.) They try to implement all kinds of countermeasures -- anything from tricking reverse-engineers, to adding booby traps in the code that may do something nasty if the code detects that it is being debugged, to obfuscating or scrambling the code, to enforcing all kinds of convoluted DRM schemes, to blocking users from certain countries. I personally try to stay away from all of those measures. And here's why:A) Any kind of anti-reverse-engineering tactics could be bypassed by an attacker with enough persistence. So why bother and waste my time when I can invest that time into adding something useful to my software that will make it more productive for legitimate users?B) Some code packers could create false positives with antivirus software, which is obviously not good for marketing of that software. It also creates unnecessary complexity for the developer to debug the software.C) Adding booby traps in the code can also “misfire” on your legitimate users, which will really infuriate them and can even lead to lawsuits.D) Any DRM scheme will probably catch some 100 illegal users and greatly inconvenience 10,000 legitimate ones. So why do it to your good customers?E) Our statistics show that about 75% of all illegal licenses come from China, Russia, Brazil, to name the worst offenders. (I also understand that the reason may be much lower incomes that people have in those countries.) The main issue for us though was the fact that if we enforce our DRM or add some strong registration authentication, many people that wanted to bypass our registration would simply use a stolen credit card number. And we had no control over it. Our system will use it to send them a legitimate license only to have the payment bounce in weeks time. As a result we would lose the money that were paid for the license, plus the credit card company will impose an additional chargeback fee to our account, which may range from $0.25 to $20 per bad purchase on top of the license cost.F) As was pointed out in the comments, some companies may actually benefit from allowing pirated copies of their software. Microsoft for instance gets a lot of free publicity from people using their Windows OS, the same goes for signNow with their Photoshop. That is a good point that I agree with.So my philosophy is now this -- if someone wants to go extra mile and steal our software, go for it! They went this far to do it anyway, so they probably have a good reason. On the positive side there are so many other customers that appreciate the work that goes into creating software that greatly outnumber those that don’t.PS. Thank you for all your feedback! It makes me feel good that the knowledge I shared is useful to others.
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Which kinds of business requires e-signatures?
What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesA digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it.Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures.How do I get a Digital Signature?Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder, issued by a signNowing Authority (CA). There are many companies provide Digital Signature , i.e.SIFYeMudhra(n)codeThese companies gives LRA to several companies that are basically known as LRA. You may directly apply online and purchase from your local authority.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $9.99 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for Mac, iOS, Windows, Android and Web-browser.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 2 types of pricing plans starting from $29 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 30 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 when paid monthly. The number of document sends included each month differs by plan type. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. All plans include fair user restrictions to sign documents and send them for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. Unlimited document sending is subject to fair use thresholds. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a free trial and 2 pricing plans starting from $16 per month when paid annually. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.Digital Signature for E-tenderingThere are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are:Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software.Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.The Necessity of Digital Signature CertificatesFor e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority.In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate.For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST.These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates.Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesSaves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper.Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document.Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged.Certificate (DSC) is essential for companies and organizations that take part or intend to take part in eTendering processes on various Government sites. If a organisation going to apply for any Government eTender needs to have a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate registered in the name of a representative who is authorized to submit online offers for e-Tendering applications.How to apply digital signature ?We enable compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for end-to-end electronic transactions for any kind of E-Business.What Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature ?Documents required for Class 3 Digital SignatureApplication Form (Duly Signed)Recent Passport Size Photograph (Pasted on the Application form and Signed across the Photo)Identity ProofPAN CARD * (Income Tax F Filing Portal requires PAN Encrypted DSC)PassportDriving LicensePhoto ID Issued by Central Or State GovernmentVoter IDAadhar CardApply for Digital SignatureAddress ProofPassportDriving LicenseLatest Utility Bills - Not Older than 3 Months (Telephone, Electricity, Water, Tax, LIC)Ration CardVoter IDBank Account Statement ( Not Older than 2 Months)Service Tax/ VAT registration CertificateProperty tax/ Municipal tax ReceiptProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Certificate of IncorporationMemorandum of Association & Articles of associationRegistered Partnership deedValid Business licenses like VAT , Service Tax RegistrationLicense under shop and Establishment Act (For Proprietorship Concerns)PAN Card of the Company/FirmProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Latest annual Report / BalancesheetLatest Income Tax ReturnsOrganization Bank Details on Banks Letter Head/ Latest Bank statement attested by BankAuthorization Letter in Favor of the applicationAll Documents to be Self Attested by the applicant & Attested by the Authorised Signatory of the Business with Stamp & Seal. For More information about Best Digital Signature company in kanpurDifferent software solutions exist for different platforms, hence I am going to give one (the most common one) for each one of them:Windows: Open the PDF in signNow and click the “Fill & Sign” button in the right pane.Mac: Open the PDF in Preview, click the Toolbox button, then click SigniPhone and iPad: Open the PDF attachment in Mail, then click “Markup and Reply” to sign.iPhone and Android: Download signNow Fill & Sign, open the PDF, and tap the Signature button.Chrome: Install the signNow extension, upload your PDF, and click the Signature button.n short, “best” varies by your specific need - and there are dozens of comparison vectors. The 2 most important, IMHO, are do you needA “standing order” doc that can be easily signed anytime by anyone, such as an injury waiver at a karate school / trampoline park / etc- that sort of thing. The signor is not pre-defined. For that, we (SwiftCloud) may well be best, but there are dozens to compare, and important to consider is volume, HIPAA medical compliance, integration to marketing, etc.Specific doc / signor - such as a real estate sales contract. The parties are pre-defined, and automation can be added to flow from group 1 (say, “the seller(s)”) to group 2 (seller’s agent, for example) to group 3 (the buyer(s) consecutively or concurrently.The #1 reason to use e-signature is to save time + integration on the data i.e. so marketing is 100% automated for example, and reducing time-to-close which results in higher sales pull-through rates. Don’t get me wrong, saving money on paper, printer, ink, printer jams, etc. is important - but that’s a money saver, not a money maker. Marketing and sales will actually create new revenue for you, so to not use electronic signature is for most businesses, downright neglectful. Granted, I’m a bit biased, but happy to do a formal study to prove it with real numbers, should anyone be so inclined.And you are good to go!!
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What is the best e-signature app?
What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesA digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it.Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures.How do I get a Digital Signature?Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder, issued by a signNowing Authority (CA). There are many companies provide Digital Signature , i.e.SIFYeMudhra(n)codeThese companies gives LRA to several companies that are basically known as LRA. You may directly apply online and purchase from your local authority.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $9.99 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for Mac, iOS, Windows, Android and Web-browser.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 2 types of pricing plans starting from $29 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 30 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 when paid monthly. The number of document sends included each month differs by plan type. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. All plans include fair user restrictions to sign documents and send them for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. Unlimited document sending is subject to fair use thresholds. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a free trial and 2 pricing plans starting from $16 per month when paid annually. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.Digital Signature for E-tenderingThere are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are:Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software.Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.The Necessity of Digital Signature CertificatesFor e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority.In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate.For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST.These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates.Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesSaves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper.Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document.Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged.Certificate (DSC) is essential for companies and organizations that take part or intend to take part in eTendering processes on various Government sites. If a organisation going to apply for any Government eTender needs to have a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate registered in the name of a representative who is authorized to submit online offers for e-Tendering applications.How to apply digital signature ?We enable compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for end-to-end electronic transactions for any kind of E-Business.What Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature ?Documents required for Class 3 Digital SignatureApplication Form (Duly Signed)Recent Passport Size Photograph (Pasted on the Application form and Signed across the Photo)Identity ProofPAN CARD * (Income Tax F Filing Portal requires PAN Encrypted DSC)PassportDriving LicensePhoto ID Issued by Central Or State GovernmentVoter IDAadhar CardApply for Digital SignatureAddress ProofPassportDriving LicenseLatest Utility Bills - Not Older than 3 Months (Telephone, Electricity, Water, Tax, LIC)Ration CardVoter IDBank Account Statement ( Not Older than 2 Months)Service Tax/ VAT registration CertificateProperty tax/ Municipal tax ReceiptProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Certificate of IncorporationMemorandum of Association & Articles of associationRegistered Partnership deedValid Business licenses like VAT , Service Tax RegistrationLicense under shop and Establishment Act (For Proprietorship Concerns)PAN Card of the Company/FirmProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Latest annual Report / BalancesheetLatest Income Tax ReturnsOrganization Bank Details on Banks Letter Head/ Latest Bank statement attested by BankAuthorization Letter in Favor of the applicationAll Documents to be Self Attested by the applicant & Attested by the Authorised Signatory of the Business with Stamp & Seal. For More information about Best Digital Signature company in kanpurDifferent software solutions exist for different platforms, hence I am going to give one (the most common one) for each one of them:Windows: Open the PDF in signNow and click the “Fill & Sign” button in the right pane.Mac: Open the PDF in Preview, click the Toolbox button, then click SigniPhone and iPad: Open the PDF attachment in Mail, then click “Markup and Reply” to sign.iPhone and Android: Download signNow Fill & Sign, open the PDF, and tap the Signature button.Chrome: Install the signNow extension, upload your PDF, and click the Signature button.And you are good to go!!
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What are the best electronic signature (e-signature) services?
Sometimes we really don’t understand what we mean under “best”, even this question doesn’t elaborate what the best service means? Which criteria the author believes the service fits the best? price?best design? Reliability?Let’s better talk about “suitable” for this moment and current needs.As the previous answers mentioned, do you need the service to be available on all major platforms or a signature that will stand up in court?Do you need a free simple solution, a feature-rich service that charges on the amount of signatures/documents signed or on monthly basis?Do you need to work with your documents on the go with low or no internet connection (while travelling, in the airport or plane)?And you can ask yourself with tons of such questions to create a matrix of features-service to choose the one you need. Or you can use 3rd party platforms like Alternativeto to initially select the provider you are interested in.When we conducted a closed beta testing for signNow recently, one of the goals was to understand the main criterias SMB owners from US use to choose a solution or switch to another one.We interviewed more than 230 businesses and what’s interesting, while the top factor goes to Security&data privacy, price or for example, digital signature availability is not in Top-3 of choices. Speed of an app/solution and multiplatform availability (works in web browser as well as on Mac, iPhone/iPad, Android and Windows devices) are what values higher.So, if there is a need to sign/send documents on Mac, iphone/ipad, android, windows and web browser and to work with documents offline, signNow is alternative to go with. We are still in beta, implementing some major requests from our beta users, but will be launching this September.And, signNow is free while in beta.
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What is the "best" electronic / digital signature solution?
What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature Certificates [ http://www.idltechnologies.com/ ] A digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it. Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures. How do I get a Digital Signature? Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder, issued by a signNowing Authority (CA). There are many companies provide Digital Signature , i.e. SIFY eMudhra (n)code These companies gives LRA to several companies that are basically known as LRA. You may directly apply online and purchase from your local authority. 1. signNow [ https://sign.keepsolid.com/ ] - offers a 14 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $9.99 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for Mac, iOS, Windows, Android and Web-browser. 2. signNow [ https://www.signNow.com/ ] - offers a 14 day free trial and 2 types of pricing plans starting from $29 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android. 3. signNow [ https://www.signNow.com/ ] - offers a 30 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 when paid monthly. The number of document sends included each month differs by plan type. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android. 4. signNow [ https://www.getsignNow.com/ ] - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. All plans include fair user restrictions to sign documents and send them for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android. 5. signNow [ https://signNow.com/ ] - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. Unlimited document sending is subject to fair use thresholds. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android. 6. signNow [ https://www.signNow.com/ ] - offers a free trial and 2 pricing plans starting from $16 per month when paid annually. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android. Digital Signature for E-tendering There are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are: Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software. Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature. Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature. The Necessity of Digital Signature Certificates For e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority. In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate. For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST. These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates. Benefits of Digital Signature Certificates Saves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper. Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document. Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged. Certificate (DSC) is essential for companies and organizations that take part or intend to take part in eTendering processes on various Government sites. If a organisation going to apply for any Government eTender needs to have a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate registered in the name of a representative who is authorized to submit online offers for e-Tendering applications. How to apply digital signature ? We enable compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for end-to-end electronic transactions for any kind of E-Business. What Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature ? 1. Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature 2. Application Form (Duly Signed) 3. Recent Passport Size Photograph (Pasted on the Application form and Signed across the Photo) 4. Identity Proof 5. PAN CARD * (Income Tax F Filing Portal requires PAN Encrypted DSC) 6. Passport 7. Driving License 8. Photo ID Issued by Central Or State Government 9. Voter ID 10. Aadhar Card 11. Apply for Digital Signature 12. Address Proof 13. Passport 14. Driving License 15. Latest Utility Bills - Not Older than 3 Months (Telephone, Electricity, Water, Tax, LIC) 16. Ration Card 17. Voter ID 18. Bank Account Statement ( Not Older than 2 Months) 19. Service Tax/ VAT registration Certificate 20. Property tax/ Municipal tax Receipt 21. Proof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following) 22. Certificate of Incorporation 23. Memorandum of Association & Articles of association 24. Registered Partnership deed 25. Valid Business licenses like VAT , Service Tax Registration 26. License under shop and Establishment Act (For Proprietorship Concerns) 27. PAN Card of the Company/Firm 28. Proof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following) 29. Latest annual Report / Balancesheet 30. Latest Income Tax Returns 31. Organization Bank Details on Banks Letter Head/ Latest Bank statement attested by Bank Authorization Letter in Favor of the application All Documents to be Self Attested by the applicant & Attested by the Authorised Signatory of the Business with Stamp & Seal. For More information about Best Digital Signature company in kanpur [ http://idltechnologies.com/ ] Different software solutions exist for different platforms, hence I am going to give one (the most common one) for each one of them: 1. Windows: Open the PDF in signNow and click the “Fill & Sign” button in the right pane. 2. Mac: Open the PDF in Preview, click the Toolbox button, then click Sign 3. iPhone and iPad: Open the PDF attachment in Mail, then click “Markup and Reply” to sign. 4. iPhone and Android: Download signNow Fill & Sign, open the PDF, and tap the Signature button. 5. Chrome: Install the signNow extension, upload your PDF, and click the Signature button. n short, “best” varies by your specific need - and there are dozens of comparison vectors. The 2 most important, IMHO, are do you need 1. A “standing order” doc that can be easily signed anytime by anyone, such as an injury waiver at a karate school / trampoline park / etc- that sort of thing. The signor is not pre-defined. For that, we (SwiftCloud [ https://swiftcloud.ai/ ]) may well be best, but there are dozens to compare, and important to consider is volume, HIPAA medical compliance, integration to marketing, etc. 2. Specific doc / signor - such as a real estate sales contract. The parties are pre-defined, and automation can be added to flow from group 1 (say, “the seller(s)”) to group 2 (seller’s agent, for example) to group 3 (the buyer(s) consecutively or concurrently. The #1 reason to use e-signature is to save time + integration on the data i.e. so marketing is 100% automated for example, and reducing time-to-close which results in higher sales pull-through rates. Don’t get me wrong, saving money on paper, printer, ink, printer jams, etc. is important - but that’s a money saver, not a money maker. Marketing and sales will actually create new revenue for you, so to not use electronic signature [ https://swiftcloud.ai/products/electronic-signature ] is for most businesses, downright neglectful. Granted, I’m a bit biased, but happy to do a formal study to prove it with real numbers, should anyone be so inclined. And you are good to go!!
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Which is the best electronic signature for small startup company?
What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesA digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it.Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures.How do I get a Digital Signature?Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder, issued by a signNowing Authority (CA). There are many companies provide Digital Signature , i.e.SIFYeMudhra(n)codeThese companies gives LRA to several companies that are basically known as LRA. You may directly apply online and purchase from your local authority.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $9.99 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for Mac, iOS, Windows, Android and Web-browser.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 2 types of pricing plans starting from $29 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 30 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 when paid monthly. The number of document sends included each month differs by plan type. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. All plans include fair user restrictions to sign documents and send them for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. Unlimited document sending is subject to fair use thresholds. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a free trial and 2 pricing plans starting from $16 per month when paid annually. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.Digital Signature for E-tenderingThere are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are:Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software.Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.The Necessity of Digital Signature CertificatesFor e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority.In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate.For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST.These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates.Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesSaves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper.Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document.Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged.Certificate (DSC) is essential for companies and organizations that take part or intend to take part in eTendering processes on various Government sites. If a organisation going to apply for any Government eTender needs to have a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate registered in the name of a representative who is authorized to submit online offers for e-Tendering applications.How to apply digital signature ?We enable compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for end-to-end electronic transactions for any kind of E-Business.What Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature ?Documents required for Class 3 Digital SignatureApplication Form (Duly Signed)Recent Passport Size Photograph (Pasted on the Application form and Signed across the Photo)Identity ProofPAN CARD * (Income Tax F Filing Portal requires PAN Encrypted DSC)PassportDriving LicensePhoto ID Issued by Central Or State GovernmentVoter IDAadhar CardApply for Digital SignatureAddress ProofPassportDriving LicenseLatest Utility Bills - Not Older than 3 Months (Telephone, Electricity, Water, Tax, LIC)Ration CardVoter IDBank Account Statement ( Not Older than 2 Months)Service Tax/ VAT registration CertificateProperty tax/ Municipal tax ReceiptProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Certificate of IncorporationMemorandum of Association & Articles of associationRegistered Partnership deedValid Business licenses like VAT , Service Tax RegistrationLicense under shop and Establishment Act (For Proprietorship Concerns)PAN Card of the Company/FirmProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Latest annual Report / BalancesheetLatest Income Tax ReturnsOrganization Bank Details on Banks Letter Head/ Latest Bank statement attested by BankAuthorization Letter in Favor of the applicationAll Documents to be Self Attested by the applicant & Attested by the Authorised Signatory of the Business with Stamp & Seal. For More information about Best Digital Signature company in kanpurDifferent software solutions exist for different platforms, hence I am going to give one (the most common one) for each one of them:Windows: Open the PDF in signNow and click the “Fill & Sign” button in the right pane.Mac: Open the PDF in Preview, click the Toolbox button, then click SigniPhone and iPad: Open the PDF attachment in Mail, then click “Markup and Reply” to sign.iPhone and Android: Download signNow Fill & Sign, open the PDF, and tap the Signature button.Chrome: Install the signNow extension, upload your PDF, and click the Signature button.n short, “best” varies by your specific need - and there are dozens of comparison vectors. The 2 most important, IMHO, are do you needA “standing order” doc that can be easily signed anytime by anyone, such as an injury waiver at a karate school / trampoline park / etc- that sort of thing. The signor is not pre-defined. For that, we (SwiftCloud) may well be best, but there are dozens to compare, and important to consider is volume, HIPAA medical compliance, integration to marketing, etc.Specific doc / signor - such as a real estate sales contract. The parties are pre-defined, and automation can be added to flow from group 1 (say, “the seller(s)”) to group 2 (seller’s agent, for example) to group 3 (the buyer(s) consecutively or concurrently.The #1 reason to use e-signature is to save time + integration on the data i.e. so marketing is 100% automated for example, and reducing time-to-close which results in higher sales pull-through rates. Don’t get me wrong, saving money on paper, printer, ink, printer jams, etc. is important - but that’s a money saver, not a money maker. Marketing and sales will actually create new revenue for you, so to not use electronic signature is for most businesses, downright neglectful. Granted, I’m a bit biased, but happy to do a formal study to prove it with real numbers, should anyone be so inclined.And you are good to go!!
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Who would win in a battle between the JAS-39 Gripen and the F-16 Fighting Falcon?
Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.*************************************************************************************During combat, any aircraft can be presented with the opportunity to defeat another aircraft in a dogfight. Since cannon firing dogfights are rare nowadays, it leaves aircraft armed with at least short range missiles to be in a position to shoot down another aircraft.There are Several critical factors that affect an outcome of head to head combat ala dogfight.Skill , Training & Flying capabilities of the pilots .How much their body can adjust in manouvers such as Thrust vectoring or cobra and make decisions quickly.Years of flying i.e Experience of the pilot on that particular aircraft as each aircraft is different.Avionics and weapons available ; Range, Accuracy and Reliability .Operational Readiness time (How quickly it can get in Air)Maintainability and Service CielingHuman factors such as calmness, courage to die for your country and mission, and confidence in the air.Lets discuss the subject..___________________________________________________________________________________Depending upon the Skill of the Pilot and the Package its fielded in (AWACS etc) SAB JAS 39 Gripen C / E nick named **SMART FIGHTER…Likely WINs. No dis respect to World’s proven F - 16.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BASIC DESCRIPTIONSAAB is an Advanced 4.0+ Gen Aircraft a Single-Engine, Single-Seat, Network centric, Shorter range & Lesser Thrust (as comapred to say Rafale / Sukhoi Su 35 Flanker) , Multi - Role , Even Swing Role (meaning it can switch operational role in flight), Combat & Reconnaissance missions. Canard design , with Outstanding Agility , Equipped with sensor-fusion and unique software architecture, Smaller and Easy to maintain. It’s the F-20 Tigershark of contemporary era …The Gripen is the dream come true for a nation (Sweeden) & now an 18 years old platform..SAAB J29 of 1960s was replaced by SAAB DRAKENS , Sweden needed to replace JA-37 Viggen.Before advent of JSF F-35 , it was the JA-37 which had the ‘most powerful engine’ in single engine category fighter, its fuselage became obslete and became exensive to operate. This led to birth of GRIPEN in 1988 - Light , Cost Effective , Maintenance friendly with pioneer in Aerodynamic instability being built-in as concept. Griffin or Gripen is the state of the art fighter incorporating the learnings of its predecessors. The first ‘A version’ was taken into service in 1996 by the Swedish Air Force.“Affordable and the best – the new normal,” is how Håkan Buskhe, CEO and President of Saab, introduced his company’s latest product, the Gripen E, the only modern fighter aircraft that has power, efficiency and flexibility in perfect balance.The JAS 39A, as it emerged, was a true lightweight fighter, with about three-quarters the empty weight of an F-16C and about half the empty weight of the Viggen, the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, or the Dassault Rafale. The Gripen's airframe featured extensive use of composite assemblies to reduce weight. The modest size reduced purchase cost to a degree, and definitely reduced operating cost; made the machine easier to handle on the ground; and gave it a lower radar signature.**********************************************************************************SOME KEY SUB - SYSTEMS :JAS - 39 platform uses US Engine and British Air Frame & Hydraulic / Brake Systems with a German Cannon to Swede Radar & Avionics … A Joint platform with available - off the Shelf systems it seems. Hence the system integration is top of the line.On the other hand its design is based on features of a “Tail - less Delta Wing - Sweep of 45 degree . Front Canard with Wing Tip Pylons config” design , somewhat similar to Typhoon and Rafale family of Jets, with Relaxed Aerodynamic Stability. This design is a Trade - off i.e has pros and cons. It provides Additional Lift, Anti - Stall protection, Less Drag, An instantaneous turn rate, Extreme Agility and Super - Maneuverability ( Say the F-35 couldn't our manoeuvre the JAS-39 Gripen) , at the cost of Stealth and need of very complex Flight Control systems.COCKPIT & DISPLAY SYSTEMThe cockpit has 3 large, full colour, Multi-Function Displays (MFDs) and a wide angle diffractive optics Head-Up Display (HUD) with a holographic combiner. Highly efficient H.M.I integrated to Reduce pilot workload, particularly in combat situations. Hence A Gripen pilot has effective situational awareness, ensuring unrivalled operational success.A word on much fancied term STEALTH -During modern combats , A Fighter jet will probably not enter a Dog fight with its radar ON, Otherwise it will be illuminating screens of SAMs , Early Warning AWACS, EriEyes, Ground Radars, F 35s etc , which means a SAM / AMRAAM would be smelling you for lunch. Stealth will be useful in First strike missions to bomb enemy targets or in a Package formation to remain invisible , remaining at a larger distance from Effective range and feeding info via datalink to forward interceptors and Air Superiority Vehicles.Most 4.0 Generation fighter have Radar Cross Sections of 1.0 to 2.5 m².YET Gripen has a smaller frame with radar cross section R.C.S between 0.5 – 1.0 m² and a frontal RCS of miniature 0.1 m² - A “Sneaky” opponent- because Gripen is a small fighter With the Aerodynamics designed cleverly to avoid sharp corners, fan blades, Contouring pylons with weapons to ‘reflect’ less angle of return & a smaller long-wave radar signature - But without any RAM Coatings. Its NOT Pure Stealth jet - it carries Weapons externally - Yet Gripen's small size makes it harder to see and harder to hit.AESA & EW/ECM (electronic countermeasure) - Its advanced electronic warfare system OR intelligent fighter system, similar to an electronic shield, allows disruption of the enemy’s ability to function effectively. Gripen E/F reduces its likelihood of being detected by relying on its passive sensors, or through active jamming.SELEX Galileo - Raven ES-05 AESA RADAR SYSTEM & IFF (Identification Friends or Foe) systemAESA stands for Active Electronically Scanned Array and means that, in contrast to older generation radars, it has not only one antenna but a full array of small antennas, called elements. This means that the radar can simultaneously and independently track different targets, and also track targets independently of search volumes. It comprises of a radar warning receiver (RWR), enabling the equipped fighter with situational awareness of enemy radar tracking activity. Gripen has Selex Italian Raven ES-OS AESA Radar and Skyward G- infra red-Search-and-Track I.R.S.T cued to the radar .New infrared search and tracksystemGripen E features Selex Skyward G - IRST - A passive system which can be used to track and discover enemies in the air and on the ground by heat signatures. This information is cued with the radar picture for a full situational awareness. Its claimed that with this new technique aircrafts equipped with stealth technology will be detectable.An Infra Red Search and Track I.R.S.T bump is located in front of the cockpit in the nose section, as well as the missile warning system on the air intakes, are the primary external differentiators. Gripen E can turn away and still keep the target illuminated (Needed till Missile hits the Target)General: Fire control radarRe - positionable ‘Swashplat’e for Radar to view 110 degree to the sides, giving the Pilot great situational awareness.High-FrequencyExciter Receiver Unit (EXRHFU): Narrowband and wideband receivers, digital pulse compression, state-of-the-art spectral purity and noise figures.Signal and data processorRadar Processing Unit (RPUSDP): Saab airborne Modular Avionic Computer System (MACS) computer system and parallel COTS based multiprocessor cluster, solid state discs for recordinghttps://saab.com/globalassets/gr... (https://saab.com/globalassets/gr...)POWER PLANTSAB is powered by a Volvo-Flygmotor RM12. Volvo Aero Corporation RM12 is a modular, fuel efficient, low bypass ratio afterburning turbofan in the 81.9 KN (18,400lb) thrust class. It is based on the General Electric F-404-400 which has completed several million flight hours in operations worldwide, with several enhancements incorporated by Volvo including increased thrust and bird strike resistance. 60% of the engine's components were built by GE and shipped to Sweden, where they were integrated with the Swedish-built components.Dimensions : Length 14.1 mtrs x 8.4 mtr WingspanGripen C - Airframe Composites : 25%Empty Weight: 14,599 lbs (6622 kg)Speed : Mach 1.8 - 2.0Service Cieling : 65,000 ftMax Take off weight : 31,000 lbsGripen C - Thrust to Weight Ratio 0.91 to 0.94Gripen C: Triplex digital fly-by-wireAESA Radar SELEX RAVEN ES-05 Range 118 miles (190 km)10 Hard Points for WeaponsA 27 mm Caliber Cannon BK-27 MauserBVR Missile M.B.D.A Meteor Radar homing AAM’sPower plant : 1 x 80 KN General Electric’s (GE) F414G Turbofan engineThrust 18,100 lbs with After BunersRange : 1,990 MilesG-Limits: +9/-3Combat turn around air-to-air: 10 minuteshttps://www.diva-portal.org/smas...Existing & NG Gripen will have an edge on most of its competitors in :1. *Swing Role*2. Faster and much more Manoeuvrable than Other jets3. Less Operating Costs4. Less Change over and Maintenace effectiveness5. Gripens are comparatively ‘inexpensive’ and operators leverage this by hunting in packs of 4 / 6 to maximise their data-link capabilities & Meteors.6. Smaller R.C.S7. First Look First shoot Leonardo Raven*8. Sensor suite9. Networking capabilities, Famous Link -16*Gripen’s Arexis jamming pod built with Gallium - Nitride based electronics.10. *Leonardo’s Skyward-G - IRIS-T , Designed to take out Approaching AAMs. Has a proximity fuse with a high-fragmentation warhead that has proven to be Most effective against Incoming Sidewinders.11. *Meteor BVR12. Take off and Land from Roads13. Ability to Upgrade for next 02 decadesIHS Jane's study reported that Gripen is the least expensive fighter jet to operate , based on Costs covering fuel used, Pre-flight preparation, Scheduled Maintenance with associated personnel costs. *( Cost comparison of Flight hours - Renato Henrique Marçal de Oliveira)WEAPONARYGripen C : A 27 mm Caliber Cannon BK-27 Mauser with 4 BVR missiles on underwing stores and 2 on wingtip say a config of 4 X AIM - 120D AMRAAMs or 4 X MICA Meteor and 4 X AIM-9X Side-winders .Gripen E has Expendable, Active decoy SELEX - BRITE CLOUD , to divert radar-guided missiles from the aircraft ,current versions of the Litening targeting pod and Reccelite reconnaissance pod. The IRIS-T is an IR-guided, short-range air-to-air missile, primarily funded by Germany for the Eurofighter. Antiship missiles, such as the SAAB RBS-15 turbojet-powered sea-skimming missile. The Mark 3 version introduced support for precision land attackGripen E can also be integrated with a number of air-to-surface weapons including unguided Mk82, Mk83 and Mk84 bombs, laser-guided bombs such as GBU-12, GBU-16 and GBU-10, and advanced bombs such as GBU-49 and GBU-39. Air-to-surface missiles such as RBS15F ER, TAURUS KEPD 350, AGM-65 Maverick, and MBDA’s dual-mode Brimstone (DMB) can also be integrated into the Gripen E. .** Meteor :German Company MBDA METEOR Beyond Visual Range BVRAAM Air to Air with Active Radar Guidance.The new meteor missile was developed and used Gripen as a test platform. Meteor offers a multi-shot capability against long range manoeuvring targets, jets, UAVs and cruise missiles in a Loaded Electronic Counter Measure environment , called ECM. It has range well in excess of 100 kilometres . Meteor can be launched as a stealth missile. It is equipped with enhanced kinematics features. It is capable of striking different types of targets simultaneously in almost any weather.Since Ramjet is non effective when Missile is at stand still so its assisted by a propulsion and then Ramjet takes over.Ramjet is sort of a jet engine in which external jet consumes ‘super heated air flow’, naturally moving through the missile at super sonic speed, creating a form of passive engine that would still continue to power even when the missile is low on fuel (as long as it remain super sonic). Ramjets make longer-range rockets, since they don't need to store oxygen onboard to combust the fuel; they scoop it in from the air.The result is a missile that continue to fly at signNowly more powerful level than typical jet and create as much as 3 times the kinetic energy of the conventional missile (or so the MBDA marketing has been bragging about).Meteor’s stunning performance is achieved through its unique Ramjet propulsion system – A Ramjet motor that takes it to Mach 4. Its Oxidant - less since it consumes ‘atmospheric oxygen’ to oxidise the propellant (usually 2 / 3 rd two-propellant is An oxidant) , thus allowing it to carry Extra fuel for larger range.Meteor, instead of having a pulse motor, is a longer, continuous burn. Being a Ramjet with a liquid propellant, the meteor can vary the burn rate. It uses that ability to slow down for the terminal kill, providing the largest No-Escape Zone of any air-to-air missile.No -escape zone of over 60 km is largest among air-to-air missiles according to manufacturer. Solid-fueled ramjet motor allows missile to cruise at a speed of over mach 4 and provides the missile with thrust and mid-way acceleration to target interception… It can be visualised below…Gripen has demonstrated its ability that it can acquire Situational Awareness in tight battle fields , even without AWACs support . That is contributed also to The Link 39 P2P system, This enables Gripen E to remain laregly undetected , complete missions and also to defend itself .In a pack of 4 , 1 X Gripen can stay back , assume the role of a data link, allowing one aircraft to act as an AWACS for 3 x Attacker Gripens . Hence the RAF Typhoon pilots were surprise who initially thought Gripen fighters would be ”Cannon fodder” before they met them in exercises, but were forced to change their mind since they found out that Gripens are notoriously hard to detect.…. Nordlander, Saab Gripen E Test Pilot remarked :“ One can understand that an aircraft sitting on the ground is useless and more vulnerable, so your readers may be surprised to know that we regularly train to turn our Gripen around in 10 minutes. That means once we land and park the aircraft we keep the engine running, we refuel, rearm, and takeoff again in 10 minutes, and all of that is done with a very small logistical footprint.”“Similarly, if we need to swap an engine, we can do that in 1 hour with a small team. We’ve designed Gripen E this way because we know that every asset we have must be more efficient than any potential opponent's, maximizing our ability to operate and making Gripen an even more valuable force multiplier. Its not Stealth, however, has a relatively small radar and visual cross section when compared to other fighters, as well as the ability to operate in a purely passive mode when it comes to detecting and engaging opponents. In our view, low observability provided by an inherent stealth design isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but the cost and operational compromises must not outweigh the advantages.”Gripen E | Ready for the future | Saab* (Gripen E | Ready for the future | Saab)Thats why its also dubbed as Flanker Hunter ..{The Gripen E will have access to satellite communication. This improves Gripen E ability during long distance flights.}Current OperatorsSwedish Air Force - 75 Variants C / D + 60 Es.South Africa - 26 Gripen. (The IInd largest operator)Thailand - 18Hungary & Czek Republic - 14 eachBrazilian Air Force - 28 Gripen E and Ordered 8 Gripen F.STATE OF ART - SWEEDEN - EVIDENCEThe concept of ***‘Networked fighter ’*** introduced with F-35 , is reprotedly in practise with Swedish Air Force for nearly two decades. The latest Rafale has a ‘Uni - directional link’ with MBDA Meteor missile ; while Gripen connects with the Meteor with its superior ‘Bi - directional link’.New US Freedom and Indepence class ships have Radars from Sweden.US using Saab BOL chaff - flair dispensers on F/A 18 fighters.A fleet of 300 x JAS 39 E is economical to operate than 200 x F -35 Lightning ii , over the same time period, giving a close to similar service results and No political strings attached as with US Equipment.Meteor is rated superior to Amraam ( Rytheon’s 120 D)Iris-T is equates in performance to US Side winders (AIM 9X block II).Being smaller in size and Single engine has pros and cons - Agility, Maneuverability, Less Radar Cross section and less cost against limited capacity to the Payload which a small airframe can carry . This may in turn limits versatility of roles for which a small fighter can perform compared to a much larger fighter as Sukhoi or Rafael.Similarly interms of Range, The F 16 Advanced versions cover 4,500km without Mid Air refuelling, against Gripen which can achieve 3 200km. Gripens very economical to operate, it requires only 3 - 5 man-hours of maintenance per hour of flight and cost US$ 5,000 per hour to fly. In contrast, the Raptor requires 40 man-hours of maintenance per hour of flight and costs US$ 60,000 per hour to fly.Export numbers will increase for an Under Dog Gripen , as it took many years for F - 15s , Rafale and F - 16s to gain the market attraction , its not allowed to sell to Gulf countries is making its numbers grow slowly. Its E - Variant which came to limelight in 2016 - 17 , Excels in E W - features an Enhanced sensor suite, upgraded Avionics deck, the ability to take off and land on carriers & an ‘Open Architecture’ for upgrading Avionics thus ensuring no obstacle to evolve in next 02 deacdes. Cost is around 90 - 100 M US $ , Gripen earlier variants costs much less say 50%.Hence its a damn good fighter - A real pocket rocket - in equivalent performance range to F - 16 V , Typhoon and Rafale but lesser in cost. Its open for sales and various operators are studying it .“Resources are only half of the equation.Efficiency is the other half…”
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Which is the best software for documentation?
Traditional documentation done for most of the products is monotonous and tiring to go through. Users often get confused while trying to use a manual.Moving away from static documentation, products are now switching to ‘interactive documentation/user guides’. These interactive user guides direct a user to perform a task from the beginning till the end.Whatfix provides an easy yet efficient way to create interactive user guides without the use of any coding knowledge.It allows users to Learn while Doing. Whatfix helps users navigate within a web application, getting them onboard, trained and providing them with proactive contextual support.One such example of product’s online documentation could be the ServiceNow documentation created with the help of Whatfix. The gif below gives a gist of it.You can list down all the help topics of your website within a self-help widget. Each help topic is a ‘How-to’ question in itself. When a user clicks on a help topic an interactive walkthrough begins. This walkthrough handholds the user till the completion of the task.Now, here’s something even more interesting.Instantly Create & Export Multiple Media formatsThe Interactive walkthroughs that we built here using Whatfix is a one-stop shop for all your interactive content and a great add-on for your product documentation.Once created, the interactive walkthroughs is instantly converted to 5 multi media formats:Annotated VideoEmbeddable SlideshowPDFScreenshotSmart URLAnd all of these can be quickly integrated on any website/web-app.Quick, Easy, Code-free Walkthrough CreationWhatfix’s interactive walkthroughs can be created quickly, without any hassle, and without any code through our point-and-click editor. A 10-step walkthrough generally takes less that 5 minutes to create.You can also make use Whatfix’s widgets for authoring your interactive product documentation.Multilingual, auto-segmented interactive guidanceOnce created, the walkthroughs can be converted to over 50 languages.Auto-segmentation of Whatfix is yet another feature that allows you to segment your walkthroughs on the basis of specific rules, user roles, pages, HTML elements, etc.These features are just the tip of the iceberg.Further on, these walkthroughs can be tailor-made for you according to your usage, budget and product vision.Want to learn more on Interactive walkthroughs, here’s a useful free Ebook - 15 Minute Guide To Interactive Walkthroughs
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