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FAQs
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How are cracked versions of software created and why are developers not able to prevent it?
Cracked versions of software are created with the use of debuggers. (A debugger is a special type of software that lets programmers deconstruct their software into its constituent parts for the purpose of finding bugs, and thus de-bugging. Additionally debuggers can be used for reverse-engineering, or to see what is inside the software, to learn its logic. The latter method is used mostly by malware researchers to study what malware (or computer viruses) do on-the-inside. But it can be also used by an attacker to "crack" (or bypass) legal software registration, or at times, to alter normal behavior of software, for instance by injecting a malicious code into it.)For the sake of this example, I will assume that the software that is being "cracked" was compiled into a native code, and is not a .NET or a JavaScript based application. (Otherwise it will be somewhat trivial to view its source code.) The compiled native code is a bit more tricky "beast" to study. (Native means that the code executes directly by the CPU, GPU, or other hardware.)So let's assume that the goal of an attacker is to bypass the registration logic in the software so that he or she doesn't have to pay for it. (Later for lolz, he or she may also post such "crack" on some shady online forum or on a torrent site so that others can "use" it too and give him or her their appreciation.)For simplicity let's assume that the original logic that was checking for the software registration was written in C++ and was something similar to the following code snippet:In this code sample "RegistrationName" and "RegistrationCode" are special strings of text that a legitimate software user will receive after paying for the license. (The name is usually that person's actual name or their email address, and the code is some string of unique/special characters that is tied to the name.)In the logic above, the function named "isRegistrationCodeGood()" will check if "RegistrationName" and "RegistrationCode" are accepted using some proprietary method. If they are, it will return true. Otherwise false. That outcode will dictate which branch (or scope) the execution will follow.So the logic above will either show that registration failed and quit:Or, if the registration code and name matched, it will save the registration details in persistent storage (such as the File System or System Registry) using the function named "rememberRegistrationParameters()" and then display the message thanking the user for registering:A "cracker" will obviously want to achieve the second result for any registration code that he or she enters. But they have a problem. They do not have the C++ source code, part of which I showed above. (I hope not!)So the only recourse for an attacker is to disassemble the binary code (that always ships with software in the form of .exe and .dll files on Windows, and mostly as Unix executables inside the .app packages on a Mac.) An attacker will then use a debugger to study the binary code and try to locate the registration logic that I singled out above.Next you can see the flowchart for a snippet of code that I showed in C++, presented via a low-level debugger. Or, as the code will be read in the binary form after compilation:(For readability I added comments on the right with the names of functions and variables. They will not be present in the code that an attacker could see.)(To understand what is shown above an attacker will have to have good knowledge of the Assembly language instructions for the native code.)I also need to point out that having a disassembly snippet like the one above is the final result for an attacker. The main difficulty for him or her is to locate it among millions and millions of other similar lines of code. And that is their main challenge. Not many people can do it and that is why software "cracking" is a special skill.So having found the code snippet above in the software binary file a "cracker" has two choices:1) Modify (or patch) the binary.2) Reverse-engineer the "isRegistrationCodeGood()" function and copy its logic to create what is known as a "KeyGen" or "Key Generator."Let's review both:The first choice is quite straightforward. Since an attacker got this far, he or she knows the Intel x64 Instruction Set quite well. So they simply change the conditional jump from "jnz short loc_7FF645671430" at the address 00007FF645671418 (circled in red in the screenshots) to unconditional jump, or "jmp short loc_7FF645671430". This will effectively remove any failed registration code entries and anything that the user types in will be accepted as a valid registration.Also note that this modification can be achieved by changing just one byte in the binary code from 0x75 to 0xEB:But this approach comes with a "price" of modifying the original binary file. For that an attacker needs to write his own "patcher" (or a small executable that will apply the modification that I described above.) The downside of this approach for an attacker is that patching an original executable file will break its digital signature, which may alert the end-user or the vendor. Additionally the "patcher" executable made by an attacker can be easily flagged and blocked by the end-user's antivirus software, or lead criminal investigators to the identity of the attacker.The second choice is a little bit more tricky. An attacker will have to study "isRegistrationCodeGood()" function and copy it into his own small program that will effectively duplicate the logic implemented in the original software and let him generate the registration code from any name, thus giving any unscrupulous user of that software an ability to register it without making a payment.Vendors of many major software products understand the potential impact of the second method and try to prevent it by requiring what is known as "authentication." This is basically a second step after registration, where the software submits registration name to the company's web server that returns a response back to the software of whether the code was legitimate or not. This is done by Microsoft when you purchase Windows (they call it "Activate Windows") and also by signNow, and many other companies. This second step may be done behind-the-scenes on the background while the software is running, and will usually lead to cancellation of prior registration if it was obtained illegally.So now you know how software is "cracked".Let me answer why it is not possible to prevent it. It all boils down to the fact that any software code needs to be read either by CPU (in case of a binary native code) or by an interpreter or a JIT compiler (in case of JavaScript or .NET code.) This means that if there's a way to read/interpret something, no matter how complex or convoluted it is, an attacker with enough knowledge and persistence will be able to read it as well, and thus break it.There is an argument though that cloud-based software is more secure, which is true, since its (binary) code remains on the server and end-users do not have direct access to it. And even though cloud-based software is definitely the future, it has some major drawbacks that will never allow it to fully replace your conventional software. To name just a few:Not everyone has an internet connection, or is willing to upload their data online. Additionally someone’s internet connection can be very expensive or too slow to make the software run very laggy.Then there’s a question of distributed computing. For instance, Blizzard Entertainment would never make “World of Warcraft” to fully run on their servers due to immense computational resources needed to render every single scene for every player they have. Thus it is in their best interest to let each individual user’s computer to do the rendering instead.As a software developer myself, I obviously don't like when people steal software licenses. But I have to accept it and live with it. The good news is that there are not that many people who are willing to go extra mile and search for a cracked version of software. The main problem for those who do, is that by downloading a patched executable, or an attacker's KeyGen or a Patcher, they are effectively "trusting" him or her not to put anything "nasty" into it that was not "advertised on the package" (stuff like trojans, malware, or keyloggers.) So the question for those people becomes -- is it worth the cost of the software license to potentially infect your system with a nasty virus?On the other side of the equation, some developers react very negatively to any attempts to steal their software licenses. (I was there too.) They try to implement all kinds of countermeasures -- anything from tricking reverse-engineers, to adding booby traps in the code that may do something nasty if the code detects that it is being debugged, to obfuscating or scrambling the code, to enforcing all kinds of convoluted DRM schemes, to blocking users from certain countries. I personally try to stay away from all of those measures. And here's why:A) Any kind of anti-reverse-engineering tactics could be bypassed by an attacker with enough persistence. So why bother and waste my time when I can invest that time into adding something useful to my software that will make it more productive for legitimate users?B) Some code packers could create false positives with antivirus software, which is obviously not good for marketing of that software. It also creates unnecessary complexity for the developer to debug the software.C) Adding booby traps in the code can also “misfire” on your legitimate users, which will really infuriate them and can even lead to lawsuits.D) Any DRM scheme will probably catch some 100 illegal users and greatly inconvenience 10,000 legitimate ones. So why do it to your good customers?E) Our statistics show that about 75% of all illegal licenses come from China, Russia, Brazil, to name the worst offenders. (I also understand that the reason may be much lower incomes that people have in those countries.) The main issue for us though was the fact that if we enforce our DRM or add some strong registration authentication, many people that wanted to bypass our registration would simply use a stolen credit card number. And we had no control over it. Our system will use it to send them a legitimate license only to have the payment bounce in weeks time. As a result we would lose the money that were paid for the license, plus the credit card company will impose an additional chargeback fee to our account, which may range from $0.25 to $20 per bad purchase on top of the license cost.F) As was pointed out in the comments, some companies may actually benefit from allowing pirated copies of their software. Microsoft for instance gets a lot of free publicity from people using their Windows OS, the same goes for signNow with their Photoshop. That is a good point that I agree with.So my philosophy is now this -- if someone wants to go extra mile and steal our software, go for it! They went this far to do it anyway, so they probably have a good reason. On the positive side there are so many other customers that appreciate the work that goes into creating software that greatly outnumber those that don’t.PS. Thank you for all your feedback! It makes me feel good that the knowledge I shared is useful to others.
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Who would win in a battle between the JAS-39 Gripen and the F-16 Fighting Falcon?
Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.*************************************************************************************During combat, any aircraft can be presented with the opportunity to defeat another aircraft in a dogfight. Since cannon firing dogfights are rare nowadays, it leaves aircraft armed with at least short range missiles to be in a position to shoot down another aircraft.There are Several critical factors that affect an outcome of head to head combat ala dogfight.Skill , Training & Flying capabilities of the pilots .How much their body can adjust in manouvers such as Thrust vectoring or cobra and make decisions quickly.Years of flying i.e Experience of the pilot on that particular aircraft as each aircraft is different.Avionics and weapons available ; Range, Accuracy and Reliability .Operational Readiness time (How quickly it can get in Air)Maintainability and Service CielingHuman factors such as calmness, courage to die for your country and mission, and confidence in the air.Lets discuss the subject..___________________________________________________________________________________Depending upon the Skill of the Pilot and the Package its fielded in (AWACS etc) SAB JAS 39 Gripen C / E nick named **SMART FIGHTER…Likely WINs. No dis respect to World’s proven F - 16.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BASIC DESCRIPTIONSAAB is an Advanced 4.0+ Gen Aircraft a Single-Engine, Single-Seat, Network centric, Shorter range & Lesser Thrust (as comapred to say Rafale / Sukhoi Su 35 Flanker) , Multi - Role , Even Swing Role (meaning it can switch operational role in flight), Combat & Reconnaissance missions. Canard design , with Outstanding Agility , Equipped with sensor-fusion and unique software architecture, Smaller and Easy to maintain. It’s the F-20 Tigershark of contemporary era …The Gripen is the dream come true for a nation (Sweeden) & now an 18 years old platform..SAAB J29 of 1960s was replaced by SAAB DRAKENS , Sweden needed to replace JA-37 Viggen.Before advent of JSF F-35 , it was the JA-37 which had the ‘most powerful engine’ in single engine category fighter, its fuselage became obslete and became exensive to operate. This led to birth of GRIPEN in 1988 - Light , Cost Effective , Maintenance friendly with pioneer in Aerodynamic instability being built-in as concept. Griffin or Gripen is the state of the art fighter incorporating the learnings of its predecessors. The first ‘A version’ was taken into service in 1996 by the Swedish Air Force.“Affordable and the best – the new normal,” is how Håkan Buskhe, CEO and President of Saab, introduced his company’s latest product, the Gripen E, the only modern fighter aircraft that has power, efficiency and flexibility in perfect balance.The JAS 39A, as it emerged, was a true lightweight fighter, with about three-quarters the empty weight of an F-16C and about half the empty weight of the Viggen, the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, or the Dassault Rafale. The Gripen's airframe featured extensive use of composite assemblies to reduce weight. The modest size reduced purchase cost to a degree, and definitely reduced operating cost; made the machine easier to handle on the ground; and gave it a lower radar signature.**********************************************************************************SOME KEY SUB - SYSTEMS :JAS - 39 platform uses US Engine and British Air Frame & Hydraulic / Brake Systems with a German Cannon to Swede Radar & Avionics … A Joint platform with available - off the Shelf systems it seems. Hence the system integration is top of the line.On the other hand its design is based on features of a “Tail - less Delta Wing - Sweep of 45 degree . Front Canard with Wing Tip Pylons config” design , somewhat similar to Typhoon and Rafale family of Jets, with Relaxed Aerodynamic Stability. This design is a Trade - off i.e has pros and cons. It provides Additional Lift, Anti - Stall protection, Less Drag, An instantaneous turn rate, Extreme Agility and Super - Maneuverability ( Say the F-35 couldn't our manoeuvre the JAS-39 Gripen) , at the cost of Stealth and need of very complex Flight Control systems.COCKPIT & DISPLAY SYSTEMThe cockpit has 3 large, full colour, Multi-Function Displays (MFDs) and a wide angle diffractive optics Head-Up Display (HUD) with a holographic combiner. Highly efficient H.M.I integrated to Reduce pilot workload, particularly in combat situations. Hence A Gripen pilot has effective situational awareness, ensuring unrivalled operational success.A word on much fancied term STEALTH -During modern combats , A Fighter jet will probably not enter a Dog fight with its radar ON, Otherwise it will be illuminating screens of SAMs , Early Warning AWACS, EriEyes, Ground Radars, F 35s etc , which means a SAM / AMRAAM would be smelling you for lunch. Stealth will be useful in First strike missions to bomb enemy targets or in a Package formation to remain invisible , remaining at a larger distance from Effective range and feeding info via datalink to forward interceptors and Air Superiority Vehicles.Most 4.0 Generation fighter have Radar Cross Sections of 1.0 to 2.5 m².YET Gripen has a smaller frame with radar cross section R.C.S between 0.5 – 1.0 m² and a frontal RCS of miniature 0.1 m² - A “Sneaky” opponent- because Gripen is a small fighter With the Aerodynamics designed cleverly to avoid sharp corners, fan blades, Contouring pylons with weapons to ‘reflect’ less angle of return & a smaller long-wave radar signature - But without any RAM Coatings. Its NOT Pure Stealth jet - it carries Weapons externally - Yet Gripen's small size makes it harder to see and harder to hit.AESA & EW/ECM (electronic countermeasure) - Its advanced electronic warfare system OR intelligent fighter system, similar to an electronic shield, allows disruption of the enemy’s ability to function effectively. Gripen E/F reduces its likelihood of being detected by relying on its passive sensors, or through active jamming.SELEX Galileo - Raven ES-05 AESA RADAR SYSTEM & IFF (Identification Friends or Foe) systemAESA stands for Active Electronically Scanned Array and means that, in contrast to older generation radars, it has not only one antenna but a full array of small antennas, called elements. This means that the radar can simultaneously and independently track different targets, and also track targets independently of search volumes. It comprises of a radar warning receiver (RWR), enabling the equipped fighter with situational awareness of enemy radar tracking activity. Gripen has Selex Italian Raven ES-OS AESA Radar and Skyward G- infra red-Search-and-Track I.R.S.T cued to the radar .New infrared search and tracksystemGripen E features Selex Skyward G - IRST - A passive system which can be used to track and discover enemies in the air and on the ground by heat signatures. This information is cued with the radar picture for a full situational awareness. Its claimed that with this new technique aircrafts equipped with stealth technology will be detectable.An Infra Red Search and Track I.R.S.T bump is located in front of the cockpit in the nose section, as well as the missile warning system on the air intakes, are the primary external differentiators. Gripen E can turn away and still keep the target illuminated (Needed till Missile hits the Target)General: Fire control radarRe - positionable ‘Swashplat’e for Radar to view 110 degree to the sides, giving the Pilot great situational awareness.High-FrequencyExciter Receiver Unit (EXRHFU): Narrowband and wideband receivers, digital pulse compression, state-of-the-art spectral purity and noise figures.Signal and data processorRadar Processing Unit (RPUSDP): Saab airborne Modular Avionic Computer System (MACS) computer system and parallel COTS based multiprocessor cluster, solid state discs for recordinghttps://saab.com/globalassets/gr... (https://saab.com/globalassets/gr...)POWER PLANTSAB is powered by a Volvo-Flygmotor RM12. Volvo Aero Corporation RM12 is a modular, fuel efficient, low bypass ratio afterburning turbofan in the 81.9 KN (18,400lb) thrust class. It is based on the General Electric F-404-400 which has completed several million flight hours in operations worldwide, with several enhancements incorporated by Volvo including increased thrust and bird strike resistance. 60% of the engine's components were built by GE and shipped to Sweden, where they were integrated with the Swedish-built components.Dimensions : Length 14.1 mtrs x 8.4 mtr WingspanGripen C - Airframe Composites : 25%Empty Weight: 14,599 lbs (6622 kg)Speed : Mach 1.8 - 2.0Service Cieling : 65,000 ftMax Take off weight : 31,000 lbsGripen C - Thrust to Weight Ratio 0.91 to 0.94Gripen C: Triplex digital fly-by-wireAESA Radar SELEX RAVEN ES-05 Range 118 miles (190 km)10 Hard Points for WeaponsA 27 mm Caliber Cannon BK-27 MauserBVR Missile M.B.D.A Meteor Radar homing AAM’sPower plant : 1 x 80 KN General Electric’s (GE) F414G Turbofan engineThrust 18,100 lbs with After BunersRange : 1,990 MilesG-Limits: +9/-3Combat turn around air-to-air: 10 minuteshttps://www.diva-portal.org/smas...Existing & NG Gripen will have an edge on most of its competitors in :1. *Swing Role*2. Faster and much more Manoeuvrable than Other jets3. Less Operating Costs4. Less Change over and Maintenace effectiveness5. Gripens are comparatively ‘inexpensive’ and operators leverage this by hunting in packs of 4 / 6 to maximise their data-link capabilities & Meteors.6. Smaller R.C.S7. First Look First shoot Leonardo Raven*8. Sensor suite9. Networking capabilities, Famous Link -16*Gripen’s Arexis jamming pod built with Gallium - Nitride based electronics.10. *Leonardo’s Skyward-G - IRIS-T , Designed to take out Approaching AAMs. Has a proximity fuse with a high-fragmentation warhead that has proven to be Most effective against Incoming Sidewinders.11. *Meteor BVR12. Take off and Land from Roads13. Ability to Upgrade for next 02 decadesIHS Jane's study reported that Gripen is the least expensive fighter jet to operate , based on Costs covering fuel used, Pre-flight preparation, Scheduled Maintenance with associated personnel costs. *( Cost comparison of Flight hours - Renato Henrique Marçal de Oliveira)WEAPONARYGripen C : A 27 mm Caliber Cannon BK-27 Mauser with 4 BVR missiles on underwing stores and 2 on wingtip say a config of 4 X AIM - 120D AMRAAMs or 4 X MICA Meteor and 4 X AIM-9X Side-winders .Gripen E has Expendable, Active decoy SELEX - BRITE CLOUD , to divert radar-guided missiles from the aircraft ,current versions of the Litening targeting pod and Reccelite reconnaissance pod. The IRIS-T is an IR-guided, short-range air-to-air missile, primarily funded by Germany for the Eurofighter. Antiship missiles, such as the SAAB RBS-15 turbojet-powered sea-skimming missile. The Mark 3 version introduced support for precision land attackGripen E can also be integrated with a number of air-to-surface weapons including unguided Mk82, Mk83 and Mk84 bombs, laser-guided bombs such as GBU-12, GBU-16 and GBU-10, and advanced bombs such as GBU-49 and GBU-39. Air-to-surface missiles such as RBS15F ER, TAURUS KEPD 350, AGM-65 Maverick, and MBDA’s dual-mode Brimstone (DMB) can also be integrated into the Gripen E. .** Meteor :German Company MBDA METEOR Beyond Visual Range BVRAAM Air to Air with Active Radar Guidance.The new meteor missile was developed and used Gripen as a test platform. Meteor offers a multi-shot capability against long range manoeuvring targets, jets, UAVs and cruise missiles in a Loaded Electronic Counter Measure environment , called ECM. It has range well in excess of 100 kilometres . Meteor can be launched as a stealth missile. It is equipped with enhanced kinematics features. It is capable of striking different types of targets simultaneously in almost any weather.Since Ramjet is non effective when Missile is at stand still so its assisted by a propulsion and then Ramjet takes over.Ramjet is sort of a jet engine in which external jet consumes ‘super heated air flow’, naturally moving through the missile at super sonic speed, creating a form of passive engine that would still continue to power even when the missile is low on fuel (as long as it remain super sonic). Ramjets make longer-range rockets, since they don't need to store oxygen onboard to combust the fuel; they scoop it in from the air.The result is a missile that continue to fly at signNowly more powerful level than typical jet and create as much as 3 times the kinetic energy of the conventional missile (or so the MBDA marketing has been bragging about).Meteor’s stunning performance is achieved through its unique Ramjet propulsion system – A Ramjet motor that takes it to Mach 4. Its Oxidant - less since it consumes ‘atmospheric oxygen’ to oxidise the propellant (usually 2 / 3 rd two-propellant is An oxidant) , thus allowing it to carry Extra fuel for larger range.Meteor, instead of having a pulse motor, is a longer, continuous burn. Being a Ramjet with a liquid propellant, the meteor can vary the burn rate. It uses that ability to slow down for the terminal kill, providing the largest No-Escape Zone of any air-to-air missile.No -escape zone of over 60 km is largest among air-to-air missiles according to manufacturer. Solid-fueled ramjet motor allows missile to cruise at a speed of over mach 4 and provides the missile with thrust and mid-way acceleration to target interception… It can be visualised below…Gripen has demonstrated its ability that it can acquire Situational Awareness in tight battle fields , even without AWACs support . That is contributed also to The Link 39 P2P system, This enables Gripen E to remain laregly undetected , complete missions and also to defend itself .In a pack of 4 , 1 X Gripen can stay back , assume the role of a data link, allowing one aircraft to act as an AWACS for 3 x Attacker Gripens . Hence the RAF Typhoon pilots were surprise who initially thought Gripen fighters would be ”Cannon fodder” before they met them in exercises, but were forced to change their mind since they found out that Gripens are notoriously hard to detect.…. Nordlander, Saab Gripen E Test Pilot remarked :“ One can understand that an aircraft sitting on the ground is useless and more vulnerable, so your readers may be surprised to know that we regularly train to turn our Gripen around in 10 minutes. That means once we land and park the aircraft we keep the engine running, we refuel, rearm, and takeoff again in 10 minutes, and all of that is done with a very small logistical footprint.”“Similarly, if we need to swap an engine, we can do that in 1 hour with a small team. We’ve designed Gripen E this way because we know that every asset we have must be more efficient than any potential opponent's, maximizing our ability to operate and making Gripen an even more valuable force multiplier. Its not Stealth, however, has a relatively small radar and visual cross section when compared to other fighters, as well as the ability to operate in a purely passive mode when it comes to detecting and engaging opponents. In our view, low observability provided by an inherent stealth design isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but the cost and operational compromises must not outweigh the advantages.”Gripen E | Ready for the future | Saab* (Gripen E | Ready for the future | Saab)Thats why its also dubbed as Flanker Hunter ..{The Gripen E will have access to satellite communication. This improves Gripen E ability during long distance flights.}Current OperatorsSwedish Air Force - 75 Variants C / D + 60 Es.South Africa - 26 Gripen. (The IInd largest operator)Thailand - 18Hungary & Czek Republic - 14 eachBrazilian Air Force - 28 Gripen E and Ordered 8 Gripen F.STATE OF ART - SWEEDEN - EVIDENCEThe concept of ***‘Networked fighter ’*** introduced with F-35 , is reprotedly in practise with Swedish Air Force for nearly two decades. The latest Rafale has a ‘Uni - directional link’ with MBDA Meteor missile ; while Gripen connects with the Meteor with its superior ‘Bi - directional link’.New US Freedom and Indepence class ships have Radars from Sweden.US using Saab BOL chaff - flair dispensers on F/A 18 fighters.A fleet of 300 x JAS 39 E is economical to operate than 200 x F -35 Lightning ii , over the same time period, giving a close to similar service results and No political strings attached as with US Equipment.Meteor is rated superior to Amraam ( Rytheon’s 120 D)Iris-T is equates in performance to US Side winders (AIM 9X block II).Being smaller in size and Single engine has pros and cons - Agility, Maneuverability, Less Radar Cross section and less cost against limited capacity to the Payload which a small airframe can carry . This may in turn limits versatility of roles for which a small fighter can perform compared to a much larger fighter as Sukhoi or Rafael.Similarly interms of Range, The F 16 Advanced versions cover 4,500km without Mid Air refuelling, against Gripen which can achieve 3 200km. Gripens very economical to operate, it requires only 3 - 5 man-hours of maintenance per hour of flight and cost US$ 5,000 per hour to fly. In contrast, the Raptor requires 40 man-hours of maintenance per hour of flight and costs US$ 60,000 per hour to fly.Export numbers will increase for an Under Dog Gripen , as it took many years for F - 15s , Rafale and F - 16s to gain the market attraction , its not allowed to sell to Gulf countries is making its numbers grow slowly. Its E - Variant which came to limelight in 2016 - 17 , Excels in E W - features an Enhanced sensor suite, upgraded Avionics deck, the ability to take off and land on carriers & an ‘Open Architecture’ for upgrading Avionics thus ensuring no obstacle to evolve in next 02 deacdes. Cost is around 90 - 100 M US $ , Gripen earlier variants costs much less say 50%.Hence its a damn good fighter - A real pocket rocket - in equivalent performance range to F - 16 V , Typhoon and Rafale but lesser in cost. Its open for sales and various operators are studying it .“Resources are only half of the equation.Efficiency is the other half…”
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Which is the best software for documentation?
Traditional documentation done for most of the products is monotonous and tiring to go through. Users often get confused while trying to use a manual.Moving away from static documentation, products are now switching to ‘interactive documentation/user guides’. These interactive user guides direct a user to perform a task from the beginning till the end.Whatfix provides an easy yet efficient way to create interactive user guides without the use of any coding knowledge.It allows users to Learn while Doing. Whatfix helps users navigate within a web application, getting them onboard, trained and providing them with proactive contextual support.One such example of product’s online documentation could be the ServiceNow documentation created with the help of Whatfix. The gif below gives a gist of it.You can list down all the help topics of your website within a self-help widget. Each help topic is a ‘How-to’ question in itself. When a user clicks on a help topic an interactive walkthrough begins. This walkthrough handholds the user till the completion of the task.Now, here’s something even more interesting.Instantly Create & Export Multiple Media formatsThe Interactive walkthroughs that we built here using Whatfix is a one-stop shop for all your interactive content and a great add-on for your product documentation.Once created, the interactive walkthroughs is instantly converted to 5 multi media formats:Annotated VideoEmbeddable SlideshowPDFScreenshotSmart URLAnd all of these can be quickly integrated on any website/web-app.Quick, Easy, Code-free Walkthrough CreationWhatfix’s interactive walkthroughs can be created quickly, without any hassle, and without any code through our point-and-click editor. A 10-step walkthrough generally takes less that 5 minutes to create.You can also make use Whatfix’s widgets for authoring your interactive product documentation.Multilingual, auto-segmented interactive guidanceOnce created, the walkthroughs can be converted to over 50 languages.Auto-segmentation of Whatfix is yet another feature that allows you to segment your walkthroughs on the basis of specific rules, user roles, pages, HTML elements, etc.These features are just the tip of the iceberg.Further on, these walkthroughs can be tailor-made for you according to your usage, budget and product vision.Want to learn more on Interactive walkthroughs, here’s a useful free Ebook - 15 Minute Guide To Interactive Walkthroughs
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What should I look for on my computer if I'm worried about spyware installed by my ex?
Hello concerned user, You are worried about a suspicion that a spyware or keylogger might be installed on your computer? If yes… I would like to educate you more about spyware/keyloggers, what to look for and how to totally get rid of them. For this, I would use the Blazing tools perfect keylogger as a detailed example for you to really understand how spywares work;The Blazing Tools Perfect Keylogger has been chosen for analysis because it has been found hidden in so many Trojans on the Internet and it’s be taught extensively how to get it out totally out of a computer permanently at Rehabculture Hack store. It's a good example of a common hook-type keylogger, although Blazing Tools markets its products to IT administrators and parents, the presence of their keylogger in many Trojans illustrates how people can package legal code and use it for malicious activities. The following features of the "Perfect Keylogger" are of use to anyone trying to spy on an unsuspecting user:Stealth Mode. In this mode no icon is present in the taskbar and the keylogger is virtually hidden.Remote Installation. The keylogger has a feature whereby it can attach to other programs and can be sent by e-mail to install on the remote PC in stealth mode. It will then send keystrokes, screenshots and websites visited to the attacker by e-mail or via FTP.Smart Rename. This feature allows a user to rename all keylogger's executable files and registry entries.This keylogger was installed on a test PC to show you how it works and what to look out for. The following capture, with the help of a tool such as SNAPPER, shows the changes in the files after installing the keylogger, as shown below in Figure 1.Figure 1. File changes made by the Perfect Keylogger.With the help of a free anti-spyware application such as Microsoft Antispyware, the registry entries made by the keylogger as well as its DLLs and EXEs can be seen below in Figure 2.Figure 2. Registry entries, .dll files and .exe files of Keylogger.The keylogger also runs as a background process which can be seen with the help of a tool such as SysInternals' Process Explorer, as shown below in Figure 3.Figure 3. Spyware process running in the background.This same keylogger was next installed on a different test PC through another program's installer and then configured to send keystrokes captured in an email to a test email-id. Ironically, the program used for this example was Spybot Search & Destroy, a legitimate freeware tool that does a good job of detecting spyware. This is a good example of how other legitimate applications can also be used to install spyware, unbeknownst to the reader.The procedure as described above is the Remote Installation feature. The information sent by email was then captured with the help of a network sniffer. For ease-of-use, Ethereal and the corresponding TCP stream is shown below in Figure 4 and Figure 5.Figure 4. Ethereal captures the keylogger's outgoing email.Figure 5. TCP stream of Ethereal capture.Since the content of this email is base64 encoded, the actual output can be seen only after decoding it with a base64 decoder. After passing the output through a base64 decoder, the part of the output of significance is shown as follows:Tuesday, 23 JanuaryIexplore.exe, 10:42 AMPaladion Networks: The Internet Security Architects - Microsoft Internet Explorerahmed_mobarak_1986eg@hotmail.com|alexander [PASSWORD CAPTURED: alexander]It can be seen that the email-id (ahmed_mobarak_1986eg) and the password (alexander) are captured. Similarly, the keylogger can be used to capture all types of passwords including passwords used for proxies, email accounts, and online banking applications. It can also capture programming code typed by a developer, instant messaging text, and the URLs of websites visited by the user.New approaches:With the market being inundated with new anti-spyware products, spyware creators have now resorted to unorthodox methods of sustenance. One such example is the nasty ability of the spyware code to keep reinstalling itself. Although anti-spyware applications can remove the spyware's registry entry from one location, most of them are found lacking in cleaning hidden registry entries that try to have the software reinstalled on boot. Another approach is to make the spyware application load into memory very early in the boot process (before the Operating System loads user-level processes). In this case, when a user tries to uninstall the software with an anti-spyware application, the OS will not allow this as it tries to protect the integrity of a running program (spyware) that it doesn't control.Detection and removal:A spyware application is inherently very different in behavior and operation from a traditional virus or a worm, and therefore to most antivirus software, it may appear as a legitimate program. The fact is, virus signatures are very different from spyware signatures. Firewalls also are ineffective in dealing with them as spyware is either piggybacked with legitimate applications, hidden in a regular image file, or can occur as normal port 80 web traffic.Therefore, the essence of any spyware prevention exercise is first to ensure the operating system is fully patched to known vulnerabilities. The best prevention, aside from switching to less vulnerable operating systems like Mac OS X and Linux, is to educate users that it is not safe to click on anything and everything found on the Web, and they must also install only what is needed. Freebies on the Internet, ones which are often typically advertised in pop-up banners, must be totally abstained from. Other methods of avoiding spyware are to ensure the browser used is configured securely, and to have at least one good spyware detection and removal tool installed. Microsoft Antispyware, Ad-Aware, PestPatrol, and Spy Sweeper are some of the free tools that help in detecting and removing spyware.Please note that spyware is largely, but not exclusively, a problem with Microsoft's Internet Explorer. The user of more modern, feature-rich browsers such as Mozilla Firefox can virtually eliminate the spyware problem altogether. However, it is still the case that some websites are coded to only work with IE, and therefore switching to Firefox may not be a solution for 100% of a user's web surfing needs.Ultimately, the only protection and removal of these spywares/keyloggers is to get a computer security engineer to scan and get rid of these malwares permanently. You can get one at Rehabculture Hack store, because that was where we were taught how to detect and upgrade our system against all trojan horse worms and virus. Be informed, as “Information is power”…
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How many search queries are handled by Google in one second?
Originally, Google created algorithms to help people find their way around the ever-growing amount of online content. Today, Google is a powerhouse that continues to innovate and improve the virtual world. Its ongoing success story is a result of its dedication to keep getting better, which is why it’s the go-to search engine and arguably the most trusted source of information out there.Therefore, we’re bringing you some of the most fascinating Google search statistics and some fun facts we bet you didn’t know.Fascinating Google Stats (Editors Choice)Google has 90.46% of the search engine m...
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