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FAQs
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What do pro-choicers think of third-trimester abortions?
First, the child has a “head and limbs and everything” much, much earlier than the third trimester.So if the criteria is that a fetus with “a head and limbs and everything” should not be aborted, the period of time when abortion is okay would have to be before 8 or 9 weeks or even earlier, depending on your perception of what constitutes a “head and limbs”. The little buds and the little webbed looking hands are seen by 8 weeks, along with the large (seemingly) misshapen head that will envelope the amazing human brain.I personally believe that the fetus is not conscious until around the 24th week of pregnancy. (I came up with this general time frame from reading about neurology, consciousness, and fetal development; a complex topic that I won’t detail here.) I don’t believe the fetus feels pain when aborted before about the 22nd week. Although it is heart-wrenching to watch images of the fetus (reflexively) attempting to escape abortionist tools. They jerk and pull away, as all living things seek to preserve their lives.However, as I said elsewhere, that to me being unconscious does not mean a living being does not have rights. I recently had surgery and was unconscious for the procedure. I could have been terminated and not felt it or known about it, but that wouldn’t have made it morally right.Very few abortions are done in the third trimester. Few doctors will do them. When they do occur it is often because the fetus is so seriously deformed and would not survive the birth process anyway. (But since your question is about having a head and limbs, we needn’t stick to the last trimester in our discussion.)Abortion is not legal throughout all three trimesters in most states. Many states have limits of between 20 to 24 weeks, some even earlier. But even at 12 weeks, yes, there is a very human-looking being with a little head, arms and legs and visible, although still ambiguous, genitals.I don’t know what “pro-choice” people think about very late abortions. Some may have an arbitrary timeline in their own mind as towhen the baby is too human to deprive of its life, and others follow the “gospel of choice”. The gospel of choice is that any and all rights an unborn person has are null and void because the rights of the mother trump them. Once the infant is born and takes a breath, then and only then can humanity be ascribed to them. Here is an interesting video in which a (former) fetus speaks of surviving an abortion attempt:I must say, I am suspicious of your claim to be pro-choice. Forgive me if I am incorrect in my suspicions. Frequently, posters on this forum will pose as pro-choice and ask innocent questions meant to provoke the discussion on Quora. It is futile to try to dissuade most pro-choicers with these ethics questions.Of interest, there are many former pro-choice warriors who have struggled with the issue and have jumped the fence. Notable is Dr. Bernard Nathanson, the abortionist who may have done more than anyone else to make abortion legal as one of the key figures in the work of the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws. (NARAL) . His turnaround was so radical that he went from an atheist to a Catholic and spent his remaining years fighting abortion. I have not been able to find online recently his breathless deathbed plea for unborn life, but this obituary provides his perspective. B. N. Nathanson, 84, Dies; Changed Sides on AbortionOther well-known figures include the “Roe” of “Roe versus Wade”’ Norma McCorvey, who changed her mind and spent decades as a prolife activist Norma McCorvey on becoming pro-life (1998) - CNN Videoand Abby Johnson, the former director of a Planned Parenthood. AbortionWorkerOf course, these mind-changes have no effect on discussion with true-believing pro-choice people; such people are seen only as turncoats. If the “gospel of choice” community responds at all, it is usually in the form of attack or attempts to discredit those who have jumped the fence. For those who have a grain of doubt in their position, who are troubled by the fetal attempt to squirm away from a sharp tool, then perhaps the reasons these pro-choice icons became turncoats may be interesting. But they will not interest those who have no doubts.I will provide here links to two videos showing fetal life. One is a miscarriage, and the other is labelled as an abortion. I don’t believe the moving fetus is an abortion, despite the claims of the person who posted it. The medical personnel are speaking a language I don’t understand, but you can hear tones of sadness as they discuss the little fetus, and further the fetus is not damaged in anyway, so likely this is footage of a natural miscarriage. This is graphic, but not gory, it is merely a fetus moving a little bit as it dies because it cannot live outside the womb. This fetus is too young to try to breathe or have any pain or consciousness. I am estimating that it was born early in the second trimester. If you are sensitive, it may be too alarming to watch. I am sorry about the banner “Abortion is Murder” and so on. but this is the only video that shows the miscarriage of a fetus of this age that I can find. I don’t think all the “murder” talk and the accusations help the discussion. Anyway, this is not a third trimester baby by any stretch of the imagination. It is likely 14 to 16 weeks and yes, there is a head and legs.I want to also add that I don’t think that reversing the Supreme Court decision regarding the right of women to terminate their pregnancies will help anything at this point.I am more interested in being free to talk about human life with those who have doubts and to explore addressing the cultural effects of the legalization of abortion. For instance, there are movements such as Feminists for Life and other secular prolife movements who offer a different perspective from the religious dissenters and the “gospel of choice” movement. secularprolifeYes, the Supreme Court has spoken. But no law has been enacted that prevents thoughtful people from re-examining and conversing about the disquieting questions that the theme of abortion gives rise to.
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Is it true that the United States military is the most powerful military in the world?
Very much true.The US military has massive power projection, more than any country in the history of man. The US has 11 (CATOBAR/STOBAR) Aircraft Carriers, while the next country has 1 which is, China, Russia, India, UK, and France. Also, the US Carriers are not just regular carriers, they are known as Super Carriers. Which is a term coined by the public to say that these carriers are so large that they exceed the definition of an Aircraft Carrier. Also, the US carriers were designed in the 70’s and countries are now just starting to make designs that could compete with the American Carriers. However, the US just redesigned the carrier and is coming out with the new Gerald R. Ford Class Carrier, which is supposed to be years possibly decades ahead of any other countries design. If you include Helicopter Carriers, and Amphibious Assault ships, that number jumps up to 20, soon to be 22. Then the next highest is tied between Japan and France with 4. My favorite part about the US having so many Aicraft Carriers is that if we divided them up between the major oceans, we could have 4 in each ocean… Crazy. The US carriers are also nuclear powered, they are the only carriers to be nuclear powered besides the French R91 Charles de Gaulle.Note the types of planes on the US Carriers. If you look at the USS Gerald R. Ford, it is fielding 5 different aircraft. 4 planes and 1 helicopter. We will look at the planes. Woden note, the USN has the 2nd largest Air Force in the world, right behind the USAF.First plane- McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet/Super Hornet: The plane is one of the most decorated planes, with thousands of successful missions, while requiring 3x less maintenance and failures than its counterparts. The plane has electronic warfare capabilities, air to air, and air to ground capabilities. Also, has spy and early warning capabilities. It was one of the first aircraft to heavily use multifunction displays, which at the switch of a button allow a pilot to perform either fighter or attack roles or both. The airframe is complex yet so simple, that a 4 man team can remove and install a new F404 engine in 40 minutes. Was also one of the very first 4th generation fighter on an aircraft carrier.Second plane- Northrop Grumman X-47B: This guy will be the very first and only Carrier based Drone. Northrop Grumman intends to develop the prototype X-47B into a battlefield-ready aircraft, the Unmanned Carrier-Launched Airborne Surveillance and Strike (UCLASS) system, which will enter service in the 2020s. So it’ll have strike options and surveillance capabilities.Third plane- Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye: Many countries have AWAC systems or Airborne early warning and control. But only the United States have a Carrier based AWAC system. With the creation of this system, carriers that are hundreds of miles away from the nearest AWAC system, this plane gives the ability for a carrier strike group to potentially detect fifth-generation fighters like the Russian Sukhoi Su-57 and the Chinese Chengdu J-20 and Shenyang J-31 farther out. Also, gives the ability to guide fleet weapons, such as AIM-120 AMRAAM and SM-6 missiles, onto targets beyond a launch platform's detection range or capabilities.Fourth plane- Lockheed Martin F-35C Lightning II: This plane is the first and only carrier based 5th Generation Stealth fighter. The plane is meant as an air superiority fighter and a plane capable of ground support. It also has a very low, almost undetectable, cross section and radar signature. Besides radar stealth measures, the F-35 incorporates infrared signature and visual signature reduction measures. With the addition of a 5th generation stealth fighter, this gives the US military and Navy, the opportunity to do more damage and to have true air superiority over all other aircraft carrier based planes and land based planes. The US, in the event of a war, can now bring 5th gen fighters to the battle without the need of the Air Force against other 4th gen fighters, or possibly the few Chinese or Russian 5th gen fighters.Furthermore, the US have some of the best destroyers on the planet. With the highly acclaimed Arleigh-Burke Class Destroyer, and the brand new, low production Zumwalt Class Destroyer. The US has the most destroyers in the world with about double the next country, with another 4 undergoing sea trials and we are currently building 5 more and have awarded contracts for 5 more. By 2024 the US is expected to have 79 destroyers in service.Zumwalt Destroyer- The Zumwalt class warships are the largest destroyer ever built. The USS Zumwalt has unusual hull design optimized for wave piercing. There is a composite deckhouse. Angular shape minimizes its radar signature. The ship has hidden radar and sensors. The despite its size the USS Zumwalt has a radar signature of a fishing boat. Also it has reduced sound and infrared signature what makes this ship harder to detect. The ship is the First american surface warship to integrate electronic propulsion, it generates enough power to light up a small city. Sound levels of the Zumwalt are comparable with Los Angeles class submarines.Arleigh-Burke Destroyer- These guided missile destroyers entered service with the US Navy in 1991 were the first large US Navy vessel designed to incorporate stealth shaping techniques to reduce radar cross-section. Also these are one of the biggest destroyers in the world that incorporate highly advanced weaponry and systems. Hull profile of the Arleight Burke class signNowly improves seakeeping, permitting high speeds to be maintained in difficult sea states. The AN/SPY-1D phased array radar incorporates signNow advances in the detection capabilities of the AEGIS weapons system, particularly in its resistance to enemy electronic countermeasures. Missile are stored in vertical launch systems, that can also house smaller Evolved Sea Sparrow (ESSM) missiles, Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles, ASROC anti-submarine missiles. For point defense the ships are equipped with two Phalanx Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS). Also there are 324 mm launchers for Mk.46 or Mk.50 torpedoes.Daily dose of freedom right here.Obviously, we can’t forget about the immaculate US submarine fleet. The US has some of the most advanced and quietest submarines. All of them use nuclear propulsion for extended range and stealth capabilities. The US has the…Ohio class (18 in commission) – 14 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), 4 guided missile submarines (SSGNs)- The U.S. Ohio-class submarines, of which 14 are Trident II SSBN, each capable of carrying 24 SLBMs. The first four which were all equipped with the older Trident I missiles have been converted to SSGN's each capable of carrying 154 Tomahawk guided missiles and have been further equipped to support Special OperationsSeawolf class (3 in commission) – attack submarines- The Seawolf class boats were intended to seek and destroy the latest Soviet ballistic missile submarines, such as the Typhoon class and attack submarines such as the Akula class. Seawolf class submarines are arguably the quietest submarines in the world ever constructed. It is exceptionally quiet even at high speeds. Most submarines need to keep their speed down to as little as 5 knots to avoid detection by passive sonar arrays, while the Seawolf class are credited with being able to cruise at 20 kots and still be impossible to locate. A Seawolf at 25 knots makes less noise than an older Los Angeles class submarine tied up alongside the pier. And these came out in 1989.Virginia class (11 in commission, 5 under construction, 2 on order) – fast attack submarines- The Virginia class submarines incorporate newly designed anechoic coating, isolated deck structures and new design of propulsor to achieve low acoustic signature. It is claimed that noise level of the Virginia is equal to that of the Seawolf class. The Virginia class submarines are fitted with 12 vertical launch system (VLS) tubes. These are used to launched Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles with a range of 1 700 km. Also there are four 533-mm torpedo tubes. These are used to fire a total of 26 Mk.48 heavyweight torpedoes and Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles. It is the first US submarine to employ a built-in Navy SEAL staging area allowing a team of 9 men to enter and leave the submarine.(Improved) Los Angeles class (34 in commission, 2 in reserve) – attack submarines- The Improved submarines are much quieter. It is described that improved Los Angeles class boats are 7 times quieter than the original Los Angeles class boats. The class features a very potent weapon array, including Mk.48 torpedoes, Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles and Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles. Tomahawk missiles can be launched from torpedo tubes of from dedicated vertical launching systems. These boats can operate under ice where the Russian ballistic missile submarines tend to hide.Surfacing of a US Submarine.Let’s move onto the air. While the USN has a quite capable Air Force. But that is dwarfed by the sheer magnitude and strength of the United States Air Force. The Air Force articulates its core missions as air and space superiority, global integrated ISR, rapid global mobility, global strike, and command and control. The USAF flys a multitude of different planes and helicopters. The USAF is the largest Air Force in the world, here is the list of what America flys. Most of these are at the cutting edge of innovation, with two of them being 5th generation stealth fighters. That’s really really good because no other country has an active 5th gen while the US has 2. The USAF also has the largest bomber, tanker, fighter, and transport fleets in the world. The USAF has so many staging areas around the world, that the US can have bombers or any other planes on station, anywhere around the world in a matter of hours.Attack: A-10, AC-130, MQ-1, MQ-9Bomber: B-1B, B-2, B-52HElectronic warfare: E-3, E-8, EC-130Fighter: F-15C, F-15E, F-16, F-22 (5th gen), F-35A (5th gen)Helicopter: HH-60, UH-1NReconnaissance: MC-12, RC-135, RQ-4, RQ-170, U-2, U-28Trainer: T-1, T-6, T-38, T-41, T-51, T-53, TG-16Transport: C-5, C-12, C-17, C-21, C-32, C-37, C-130, C-40, CV-22, VC-25Tanker: KC-10, KC-135Let’s look at the two of my favorite ones and the most technologically advanced planes in the world.F-22 RaptorThe F-22 Raptor air superiority fighter is almost invisible to radars. This aircraft carries a powerful array of weaponry. It is the most advanced and most expensive production fighter aircraft to date. Many of sensors and avionics of this plane remain classified. Engines of the raptor allow the aircraft to supercruise over long ranges, while thrust-vectoring nozzles, combined with a triplex fly-by-wire flight control system, make it exceptionally maneuverable. The highly integrated avionics systems also include a data-link, inertial navigation system with embedded GPS for high-accuracy navigation, and advanced electronic warfare, warning and countermeasures systems. Two central computers manage the automatic switching of the sensors between completely passive and wholly active operation, according to the tactical situation. Artificial intelligence algorithms fuse data from the sensors and present only relevant information to the pilot to reduce workload while at the same time improving tactical awareness. The datalink allows tactical information to be shared with other F-22s. The tech is so special that other countries, not even NATO allies are given the chance to procure the plane.B-2 SpiritThe B-2A Spirit is the silver bullet of US policy, reserved for use against targets of the highest priority. The B-2's stealth characteristics enable the undetected penetration of sophisticated anti-aircraft defenses and to attack even heavily defended targets. This stealth comes from a combination of reduced acoustic, infrared, visual and radar signatures (multi-spectral camouflage) to evade the various detection systems that could be used to detect and be used to direct attacks against an aircraft. Composites are extensively used to provide a radar-absorbent honeycomb structure; the bomber has a minimal IR signature, does not contrail and uses its shielded APQ-181 radar only momentarily to identify a target just before attacking. The onboard DMS is capable of automatically assessing the detection capabilities of identified threats and indicated targets. The DMS will be upgraded by 2021 to detect radar emissions from air defenses to allow changes to the auto-router's mission planning information while in-flight so it can receive new data quickly to plan a route that minimizes exposure to dangers. Also, most of the B-2s are stationed in Missouri, and they are capable of bombing any target in the world despite being in the heart of America.Now for the US ARMYThe US army it self is massive in numbers, coming in at 1.01 million personnel, it self is one of the biggest standing armies in the world, and that's just one branch of the US military. Also, in the US military, it is the largest branch out of them all surpassing any other branch by almost 600,000 personnel. They provide the bulk of security for the US's foreign interests. The mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders. Which is mainly air domination and land domination. They mainly engage is conventional warfare, and asymmetrical warfare. The US Army's main responsibilities is preserving the peace and security and providing for the defense of the United States, the Commonwealths and possessions and any areas occupied by the United States, Supporting the national policies, Implementing the national objectives, Overcoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts that imperil the peace and security of the United States. The US Army is also home to some of the most dangerous, prestigious and hardest working special forces teams in the world such as the frontline special force, the Rangers, we also have the green berets and the iconic 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne) also known as Delta Force. The US army is thought to be one of the most battle tested and battle proven militaries in the world. With the mobility of the USAF an army QRF can be anywhere on earth in less than 24 hours. The US ARMY uses the M1A2 Abrams tank. One of the most badass, heaviest, fastest, and battle hardened tanks in the world.This tank has incredible technology and armor. Also it has seen combat. It is one of the most feared MBTs. The M1A2 offers signNow protection against all well-known anti-tank weapons. This main battle tank uses advanced armor, reinforced with depleted uranium layers. The M1A2 has signNow level of protection against all known anti-tank weapons. It can also employ counter-IED equipment. The tank is armed with the same 120-mm M256 smoothbore gun as its predecessor. Range of effective fire is in excess of 4 km. This main battle tank is powered by a Honeywell AGT1500 gas turbine engine, developing 1 500 hp. The tank is one of the fastest in the world, clocking in (with no governor) at 60 mph while being THE heaviest tank in the world. As of April of 2018, the US has no combat losses with the Abrams, the Abrams has only been lost due to friendly fire, never to enemy fire.I don’t think I need to explain the marines. Just know that they use the same tech as the Army (with some exceptions) but they are also the main invasion force for the US. And they are badass.The US military signNow is massive with the Aircraft carriers and the 700+ military bases around the world. The US is truly the most powerful military in the world. The fact that they can have a men anywhere in the world in less than 24 hours and being able to bomb any place on earth, just proves how powerful the US military is.
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What is the full procedure of TCS from the offer letter to joining?
TCS ( ILP ) joining process and document preparationThe most important part of joining TCS is its documentation! This is just a general guide to the new ILP candidates. You should always strictly follow your Annexure ! So let’s do this fast!The Joining Process is Divided into seven parts:1.Accept the joining letter2.Complete the TCS Survey Monkey3.Complete the BGC form filling4.Fill the NSR (NASSCOM) ITPIN5.Fill the ON BOARDING forms6.Prepare the Agreements (Service Agreement & Affidavit/signNowd Undertaking)7.Prepare the supporting documentsAccept the joining letter:a). First you have to accept your joining letter by using your DT reference idTCS Next Step>>ILP corner>>Joining letter>>Acceptb). Download the Joining letterTCS Next Step>>ILP corner>> Joining letter >>DownloadNote: Accepting the joining letter is necessary to complete the other formalitiesSo first accept your joining letter (if you are going to join TCS)Complete the TCS Survey MonkeyYou have to complete the TSC survey monkey. TCS recruitment team will send you the link by mailRequired details:1. TCSL Reference id (DT reference id)& passwordhttps://www.surveymonkey.com/r/T...Complete the BGC form filling:You have to complete the Background Check Verification Before Your Joining datea). Fill BGC Form:i). Fill the Basic Details (Passport, PAN, Address Details)ii). Academic Details (CGPA or overall percentage)iii). Reference: You have to fill any two person’s following detailsØ NameØ Company/Institute NameØ DesignationØ Contact NoØ Email idØ Relationship with the applicantØ Period for which reference knows the applicantiv). Fill Security Detailsb). Declaration:Ø In declaration part you have to agree and submitØ Download the BGC completed formc). Documents uploading:You have to scan and upload the following documents in PDF or JPEG format each file size should be less than 2MBØ NSR e-cardØ Birth certificate or Birth AffidavitØ Permanent, present address proof(aadhaar / passport / ration card / EB, GAS, mobile Bill / credit, debit card / Bank statement)Ø PAN cardØ Passport / passport application receiptØ ID proof (voter id, ration card, driving license, bank passbook, aadhaar)Ø X- grade mark sheetØ XII-grade mark sheetØ All semester mark sheetsØ Non-Criminal Affidavit (first page of the stamp paper)Fill the NSR (NASSCOM) ITPIN:You have to enter your NSR ITPIN atTCS Next Step>>ILP corner>>National skill registry>>ITPIN(you have to complete the registration and bio-metric process of NSR before joining ILP (please visit site www.nationalskillsregistry.com). And they will send you a NSR-e card by mail or you can generate by yourself by login to your NSR profile)Fill the ON BOARDING formsYou are mandatorily required to fill and submit the Onboarding Forms before your joining date to smoothen your Onboarding process, failing which your joining formalities will not be completed. These forms are required to be filled as per statutory compliance norms.Onboarding forms consists of five forms:Ø Provident Fund (PF)/ Pension Scheme Nomination form (Form 2 — Part A and Part B)Ø Gratuity Form (GF)Ø Superannuation Form (SF) -only to eligible employeesØ Declaration Form (Form 9)Ø Group Life Insurance (GLI)You would have to fill all the Onboarding forms online and declare nominee(s) for the above mentioned forms. Submit a Hard copy of the completed forms on the day of Joining ILPTCS Next Step>>Onboarding>>Fill all the formsAfter filling these form, you can download these 5 documents at “Dashboard tab”-in the same pageSuggestion: 1. nominee is father or mother 2. share of money -100%Required information: Name, DOB of the nominePrepare the Agreements (Service Agreement & Affidavit/signNowd Undertaking):a) Service Agreement:1.Buy a Rs.100 stamp paper on your name2.Print the service agreement page 1Download.pdf3.Buy 5 demi (court paper) / green paper (court paper) / Legal / A4 papers4.Print the service agreement page 2 – 6 Download.pdfNote: page 6 is also called as surety verification formNote: Blanks should be written using pen it should not print or typeIt doesn’t matter how many pages in your agreement but make sure that proper page number and proper contentOther instructions:If Rs.100 stamp paper is not available, you can also do this in two Rs.50 stamp papers Make sure the text starts in the stamp paper. You can print first 3 Lines on first Rs.50 stamp paper and next some paras on another Rs.50 stamp paper and the remaining pages on other demi paper.Read the service agreement guidelines carefully before filling up anything. Many might find this silly but I prefer filling up Xerox copies first. It can save you the money for printing again in case something goes wrong! So we are here going to use a Rs.100 stamp paper for the first few lines(THIS AGREEMENT made at Mumbai on this 1.______________________________________ day of 2._________________, Two thousand and 3._______________________ between TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED,)and print the rest on simple A4 papers or Legal or demi papers. Fill everything up in CAPS, using a pen. Do not remove any clause, not even the page numbers! Don’t forget your signature and surety’s signature on the bottom of each page!! Service Agreement needn’t be signNowd.Surety Verification:This is a part of the Service Agreement. Any person who is an Income Tax Payee or has Land property can be your surety! Example: your father! So just make sure you place the signatures in proper places and have your surety fill up the “Surety Verification Form”. This form has to be attested by a Gazetteer Officer or the manager of a nationalized bank where the surety holds an account or employer of the surety! or public notaryØ Attested photocopies of the surety’s pan card.Ø Attested photocopies of the surety’s Form 16 (or) Attested photocopies of the surety’s latest income tax returnNOTE: Make sure your surety’s signature everywhere matches with that done in his/her Pan Card or you are in some serious troubleb) Non-Criminal Affidavit:1.Buy a Rs.100 stamp paper on your name2.Print the Non-criminal affidavit page 1 Download.pdf3.Buy 2 demi (court paper) / green paper (court paper) / Legal / A4 papers4.Print the Non-criminal affidavit page 2 – 3 Download.pdf5.Get this affidavit signNowd by a notary public in court (signature in all the pages)Note: Make sure you choose non-blood relation people as witnesses! Example: Neighbors.Other instructions:If Rs.100 stamp paper is not available, you can also do this in two Rs.50 stamp papers Make sure the text starts in the stamp paper. You can print first 2 paras on first Rs.50 stamp paper and next some paras on another Rs.50 stamp paper and the witness page on another demi paper. just fill in the blanks with a pen DO NOT remove any clause.Prepare the supporting documents:1. Medical Certificate:Download medical certificate format from TCS next step portal and print it (Black & white is enough) Make sure The doctor signs and places his seal on the second page. He should also sign and place a seal on your photo. format download.pdfYou’ll need two attested copies of everything but make sure you keep more copies with you (many times it will help you)Here’s a list of the supporting documents you’ll need to get attested by:Ø Gazetteer Officer orØ Government higher secondary school head master orØ Tehsildar of the village in which the Applicants resides. orØ District collector of the district in which the Applicants resides1. Birth Certificate:(If your birth certificate is not in English, or your name/place of birth/date of birth is missing/the details are mismatching, then it is recommended that you apply for a new one before it’s too late.Otherwise, you need a signNowd affidavit on Rs.100 stamp paper, which is only atemporary arrangement.)2. Class X - mark sheet.3. Class XII-mark sheet.4. Consolidated Mark sheet (from your institution)5. Degree Certificate(or Provisional Certificate / course complete Certificate if you. Don’t receives your Degree Certificate yet)6. All Semester Mark sheets7. Transfer certificate (if you have)8. Your Pan Card9. Your Passport10. surety’s information:a) If Income tax payee : photocopy attestedi). Surety’s Form 16 ( or )Surety’s Income Tax Return / saral / form 2d / form12Bii). Surety’s PAN cardb) If Surety have landi). Surety’s land documents photo copy – Registered in Englishii). Latest land valuation certificate from the respective authority-photo copy with attestedc) Else Fixed deposit of Rs. 50,000 at nationalized bank on TCS name for two years) photocopy attested by bank manager11. your aadhaar card (if you have)12. your voter card (if you have)13. Ration card (if you have)You’ll need two self-attested copies of Following documents but make sure you keep more copies with you (many times it will help you)1. Joining letter2. Offer letter3. ID proof (Passport, Voter ID)4. Address Proof (Passport, Voter ID)- give a separate copy for permanent & (if Present) address5. Highest degree mark sheets (for BGC)6. Degree Certificate / Provisional / Course complete (if only degree certificate not provided byyour institution)(for BGC)7. NSR e-card printout (after you’re done with Biometrics, you’ll get your ITPIN and e-card with your picture, in your e-mail).8. Documents for break in education (if any otherwise no need)(i) Medical records, if the break was due to medical reasons.(ii) Certificates / Examination results, if the break was due to additional course done.(iii) Affidavit on a Rs.100 stamp paper with notary authorization, if the study break was due to other personal reasons.9. CID Form (if you are from Mumbai/ Navi Mumbai/ Thane City/ Thane Rural / Pune otherwise no need) You need to submit Self-Attested Criminal Investigation Division (CID) forms forthe respective region. (details about forms will be mailed to you just before your joining)10. 12+ copies Recent passport size photos11. All the documents Original compulsory. Don’t forget to take the originals with you!Advise: keep more copies of your documents and attested copies it may help you if any problem
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How good is the Euro-Fighter Typhoon?
Modern warfare has become highly technological and strategic. Contemporary wars are won by Air forces - The modern fighter jets are complex fighting machines which form a ‘critical component’ of any world class airforce.Those Critical Assets are :LM JSF F - 35 Lightning IILM F - 22 RaptorEuro Fighter TyphoonSu - 35 Super Flanker ERafale Omni Role Super french FR3 / M variantsGripen SAAB Smart Figher JAS - 39 C / D / EChegdu Stealth J - 20 Mighty DragonStrike Eagle F - 15 EAdvanced Fulcrum MiG - 35sF / A - 18 Super HornetsF - 21 ViperFighting Falcon F - 16 Block - 52 & 60CAC J - 10s C Fire Bird Super Multi RoleSu - 30 Flanker variantsEagle F - 15 Variant CSu 27 s ‘Base Flanker’Fulcrum MiG - 29sare considered PRIME assets for thier air forces.They carry expensive tools of destruction with them such as :AIM 120 DMBDA MeteorRussian R - 77Storm ShadowVympel R - 73MICAR - 27Chinese Ultra long range PL - 15SD - 10JSMPavewayBrimstoneAIM 120 CAIM 132R - DarterDerbyPythonK - 100Astra &Cruise Missile & Stand Off A SMP VariantsHence one can safely say that No Manufacturer of Fighter jet will give away the Real / true Warfare or combat capability, let alone the full limits of it. Hence One has to wait for the real combat - the real showdown to see the real capability. Base Specifications & information related to Systems , Components , Weapons and Electronics are issued for marketing tactics or for disinformation purposes. So maybe all the information available is 100% accurate.__________________________________________________________________________________A generation of Airmen seems to have forgotten a simple lesson from history:‘It was leadership, not fancy equipment, that made the difference.’^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^THE EURO FIGHTER EF-2000 Tranche 4NICKNAMED “TYPHOON”Its a highly discussed Fighter jet , having mixed reviews by its supporters and by its opponents, has sparked a public argument. With predessors such as JAGUAR, PANAVIA & HARRIER, Its a European consorcium Fighter UK, Germany , Italy & Spain - first proto type released in Mid 1990s. Hence It was a European solution to a European scenario.DESIGN & AERODYNAMICSThe ability to patrol and intercept hostile aircraft is known as Quick Reaction Alert. Typhoon is a master in it.Designed for Single Seat - STOL Capable - Twin Engine - Initially developed as Supersonic BVR interception and close combat , Multi Role adaptations. Typhoon is designed to perform at least five air missions very efficiently :Air superiorityAir interdictionSuppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD)Close Air Support (CAS)Maritime Attack.Its in active operational service with 9 Operators.(Consorcium members plus Saudia Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Austria ). More than 550 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft have been successfully delivered to seven countries: Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Austria, Oman and Saudi Arabia; and ordered by two more: Kuwait and Qatar. Participated in combats during operations in Libya, Iraq and Syria.Length 15.96 m x Wingspan 10.95 m.Length 15.67 mtrs x Wingspan 10.67 mtrs for F- 35AHence slightly Big in Size then lets say F-35 Lightning IIMax Altitude Above 59,000 ftEuro Fighter is based on a Typical European Design of Unstable airframe , a foreplane Delta - wing forward canard configuration, with dual intakes under the fuselage & a single vertical stabilizer .The ‘conventional statically stable’ aircraft has a ‘built-in’ inherent stability which requires a large wing area and causes a lot of drag that slows the aircraft under a turn.Fighter jets require Agility which is exact opposite of Stability. You want a fighter to be able to make turns & loops as quickly & easily as possible. Consequently, fighter aircraft rely on configurations that are unstable or neutrally stable. Canards help in this regard.CANARDS AND THIER IMPACTAn aeronautical device wherein a small fore-wing is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. A wide variety of canard designs have been proposed and flown over . Canards are used on aircraft whose main wings are well behind the center of gravity, such as the Eurofighter Typhoon..Carnards can be used as horizontal stabilizers as they being ahead of the C.G of the aircraft, acts directly to reduce longitudinal static stability.The aerodynamic advantages derived from the delta wing canard configuration :AERODYNAMIC FLOW RESULTING IN HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK :Angle of attack is the angle at which the oncoming air meets the wing. At low angle of attack, the vertical tail provides directional stability. However, as the angle of attack increases, its effectiveness decreases.High angles of attack (AOA) can be translated into a very high instantaneous turn rate and gives maneuverability advantages. Modren fighter jets can exceed 90 degrees AOA - Yet the software limit’s them from 30 - 60 Degrees to prevent Air frame damage owing to Stresses and fatigue factors.Layman terms - Higher the angle of attack, the more lift is generated by the wing… ONLY UPTO A POINT.Thereafter the wing signNow its ‘Critical Angle of Attack’ , and at higher angles of attack the amount of lift generated drops dramatically.Beyond the critical angle of attack , the wing no longer effectively generates lift and jet is stalled. Canards stall before the wings. Canards smoothen the turbulence and create Laminar (non-turbulent) flow. Good vortex flow is obtained and a High Angle of Attack may be obtained.UNSTABILITY :Create Unstability which is preferred. Results in Agility. The result is balanced by applying Controlled by FBW Computer Systems. A statically unstable basic aircraft needs continuous stabilisation with the help of an active flight control system with full authority.The high angle of attack recovery (HAoA) function is an extension of the flight control system’s angle of attack limitation. If the aircraft has a low speed and high nose angle, the angle of attack will be low at first but will increase and exceed the angle of attack limit as the speed drops further. The HAoA function and command will return the aircraft to the normal flight envelope in a controlled manner.CREATES LIFT :The canard essentially moves horizontal tail up to the nose and places the wing's center of lift behind the center of gravity. To balance the natural nose down tendency, Canard generates an upward lifting force - which helps oppose weight.Note that Canards results to produce ‘induced drag’ , it is usually countered by high aspect ratio canards i.e long and narrow.Combined delta canard configuration and 538 ft2 wing size confer very low wing loading on 50% internal fuel, and are optimised for transonic manoeuvre and supersonic dash performance. The loosely coupled canard is intended to provide high control authority at high angles of attack, by placing the surfaces ahead of the main vortices, but also to provide lower trim drag in supersonic flight.A Modern Composite Airframe with constituents :Carbon Fibre Composites 70%Metals 15%Glass Reinforced Plastics (GRP) 12%Only 15% of the aircraft’s surface is metal. This gives a small Radar Cross section of RCS < 0.5 m2. Hence Typhoon makes slightly greater use of RAM and active canard signature management for frontal RCS reduction (As a comparison this is probably offset in the high-end survivability department by Active Syealth of Gripen E or Rafale’s superior SPECTRA electronic warfare system).POWER PLANT & PROPULSION EXCELLENCEThe Euro Jet EJ - 200’s components were developed by Rolls-Royce plc, MTU, Avio Group SpA, and Industria Turbo Propulsores SA – all well-respected names. And, like the Eurofighter, The Euro-jet consortium hails from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Spain.The EJ-200 is the most modern combat engine in its class – with the best thrust-to-weight ratio, thrust retention and smallest fan diameter – the EJ200 sets new standards for reliability and adaptability. Typhoon is powered by 2 x Eurojet EJ-200 afterburning turbofans , each develops a DRY THRUST of 65 KN / 14,000 LBS & 90 KN / 20, 500 LBS Thrust with REHEAT.It takes about 1 minute 30 seconds after take-off to signNow more than 30,000 feet, all the while maintaining intercept airspeed.The engine is compact, approximately 4 metres in length, 800mm (30 inches) in diameter and weighs around 1,000 kg. The two-spool design with single-stage turbines drives the three-stage fan and five-stage HP compressor with annular combustion with vaporising burners.Engines powering the Typhoons of UK Royal Air Force (RAF) routinely achieve a mean time between repairs of over 1,000 flying hours, while the fleet leader in RAF has achieved over 1,700 flying hours on-wing without need for repair. This is unprecedented in combat engines where on-wing hours can often be measured in the low hundreds for previous generation engines. Relaibility centric Predictive Maintenance is achieved through use of advanced integrated Health Monitoring for class-leading reliability, maintainability and through Life Cost.Capability to cruise at supersonic speeds without the use of reheat (After Burners) for extended periods. it can fly at sustained speeds of MACH 1.5 AT FULL COMBAT EXTERNAL LOAD without the use of afterburner.CRITICAL SUB SYSTEMS OF PROPULSION SYSTEMLP CompressorHP CompressorA.C.CTurbine StageRe Heat or After burner SystemsDECMU1- LP - LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOREJ-200 consists of a 3-stage Low-pressure compressor (LPC) module & 5-stage High-pressure compressor. This provides a ‘High Surge margin’ (Typhoon pilots feedback often states it is virtually impossible to surge the engine), needs no heating devices to combat ice and has a high bird strike resistance. Each stage of the LPC is equipped with wide-chord integrated blade/disk (blisk) assemblies that are low in weight (each stage in the LPC consists of a single blisk with no removable parts) and are a major factor in the reduction of complexity easing the burden on maintenance cost and personnel. At the end of the Low Pressure Compression module, core air is compressed by a factor of 4.2.2 -HP - HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSORAir is then directed to the High Pressure Compressor (HPC), which is again designed achieve high reliability and minimum maintenance effort.Like the LPC, HPC is also equipped with single blisks in the first three stages. HPC further compresses core air by a factor of 6.2, leading to air that has been compressed by a factor of 26. The fact that EJ200 achieves this in eight stages, far lesser than the nine or ten stages employed by engines of comparable performance, is testament to the efficient aerodynamic design of the blades.3 - ACC - ANNULAR COMBUSTION CHAMBEREJ-200s annular combustor receives the highly compressed air. Microspraying fuel increases combustion-efficiency and also reduces the visible emissions of oxides of nitrogen. The key factors in determining jet engine efficiency and achievable work are the temperature and pressure differences attained between the engine inlet and combustor outlet. Although the maximum temperature of air leaving the combustion chamber is classified, the outlet stator temperature is generally reported to be 200ºC higher than previous generation engines.4 - TURBINE STAGEDownstream of the annular combustion chamber is the High Pressure Turbine (HPT). In order to handle the large temperatures generated in the combustion chamber, the HPT uses air-cooled single-crystal blades. The HPT guide vanes utilise a special Thermal Barrier Coating which increases the life of the blade and increases the achievable operating temperature .Following the HPT is a single Low Pressure Turbine stage, again employing single crystal blades.5- AFTER BURNING SYSTEMSEUROJET has installed an innovative three-stage thrust augmentation system to supply reheat as and when required by the pilot. Downstream from the low-pressure turbine, in the exhaust duct, are the first two stages of the thrust augmenter. The first stage consists of a radial series of burners and their associated flame cups. Subsequent to this is a stage of ‘primary vaporisers’ that spray fine mists of fuel that combust on contact with the hot exhaust air. Finally, the third stage comprises of fuel injectors located at the back of the bypass duct. These spray fuel into the cold, oxygen rich air that has passed through the duct unburned. It should be noted the dry performance of the engine is so good, pilots do not use reheat as much as other engines in this class. Operationally, this means more performance for less fuel.6 - DECMU (Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit)EJ-200’s Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit (DECMU) provides carefree handling for the whole turbo-machinery, automatically activates and controls the various stages of reheat, reduces pilot workload and provides engine monitoring and executive lifing functionalities. Executive Lifing measures actual usage rather than planned mission profiles which can achieve up to 50% Life Cycle Cost savings compared to other engines without this advantage. This is key not only to achieving the unparalleled standards of reliability but also in making the engine cost effective over its performance life. Executive Lifing reduces maintenance costs, especially given that the EJ-200 maintenance philosophy is a modular concept.Rate of Climb 317 Mtrs / SecWith 90KN ThrustSpeed 2.1 - 2.2 Mach & 2,900 kms RangeCombat RadiusGround attack, lo-lo-lo : 601 kmGround attack, hi-lo-hi : 1389 kmAir defence with 3hr CAP : 185 kmAir defence with 10-min loiter : 1389 kmG Limits : +9/-3 w/ int fuel and two AIM-120Impressive Thrust to Weight Ration of 1.15Empty Weight 22,000 lb / 9,999 kgMax Take-Off Weight 46,305 lb / 21,000 kgFerry Range 5,382 km / 3,310 miles — with 4 x drop tanksTyphoon is the faster aircraft and has a signNowly superior thrust-to-weight ratio which gives it better acceleration at all altitudes. This also allows Typhoon to retain and regain energy faster (than say Rafale) in a horizontal dogfight situation. Another key factor in maneuverability is Wing Loading ratio ; In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. It is expressed as kilograms per square meter, or pounds per square foot of wing area.Smaller the wing loading ratio , the better the turn performance.[math]Euro Fighter - 310 ; [/math][math]Rafale - 327 ; [/math][math]F15C - 358 ; [/math][math]F-18 - 460 Kg / m2. [/math]It also has a signNowly higher service ceiling of over 60,000 ft which allows it to operate uniquely well alongside the US F-22 Raptors ‘high and fast’ in the air superiority role which is exactly where it was designed to excel.RADAR , AVIONICS & COMMMUNICATIONSFull Authority FCS & Quadruplex digital system. Modern and comprehensive Avionic package. The pilot’s control system is a voice throttle and stick system (VTAS). Heads Up and Heads Down Display systems M.H.D.D installed.Detection technology used in latest tranch is :X-band CAPTOR (I/J-band) ECR-90 pulse-Doppler multimode radar.An AESA radar provides an aircraft with a more efficient, more robust, longer-ranged and finer-detailed radar than older, mechanically scanned or passive systems. It has improved Jamming Resistance and acts immensely to increase the situational awareness and effectiveness of a modren fighter jet. The addition of an AESA radar has become necessary because almost all modern fighter aircraft have already transitioned to this architecture.The CAPTOR-E radar , being developed by the Euro RADAR Consortium led by Selex ES, is based on the existing ‘back end’ of the mechanically-scanned (M-scan) CAPTOR radar. All Weather Radar Features Synthetic Aperture, Multimode A/A and A/G Fire Control Radar and Weapon System Support, with over 1,000 modules and a new AESA antenna mounted on an innovative repositioner. It can also cover low band Frequencies VHF/UHF. This gives the radar an unmatched field of regard without compromising performance and reliability.P.I.R.A.T.E SYSTEMA Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system for infrared search and tracking or a Supplementary Radar.The Typhoon’s PIRATE IRST is far and away the most capable fighter-mounted system in operation anywhere in the world. Its phenomenal sensitivity caused problems during the first decade of service due to the sheer number of false positive returns but now that processing power has caught up enough to allow the sensitivity to be properly exploited for extremely long range detection of fighter sized targets, including stealth targets, it is becoming one of Typhoon’s strongest advantages in the air superiority arena.However, at present, the systems integration allowing the radar and IRST to be tasked together in an optimal fashion is still superior on Rafale. This is a core focus of capability upgrades in the P3E software package for Typhoon.The system picks up heat changes around it & by this spot subsonic aircraft as far away as up to 100km+. This means that the Typhoon can still shoot its advanced IR-tracking missiles at a target, even though its enemy has stealth features.PIRATE detects and tracks the Infra-Red signatures of multiple aircraft at long range, over a wide field of view, day & night and adverse weather conditions. Being a passive sensor, it enables the aircraft to gather early intelligence of threats and to manoeuvre stealthily into an advantageous tactical position without being detected by hostile electronic warfare systems.PIRATE is integrated with other on-board sensor systems for maximum sensor fusion effectiveness. PIRATE locates & provides ‘cueing information’ on ground targets. It provides data and imagery to Head’s-up & Multi-function Head’s -down displays, facilitating navigation and terrain avoidance in adverse weather conditions.D.A.S.S SYSTEMDefensive Aid Sub System with Electronic Counter measures against incoming Missiles.Offering a comprehensive suite of electronic support measures and counter-measures, the Praetorian Defensive Aids Sub System developed by the Leonardo-led EuroDASS consortium, is carried in 2 x wing pods that are an integral part of the wing. DASS greatly enhances Eurofighter Typhoon’s ability to avoid, evade, counter and survive evolving threats.It consists of :Electronic Support Measures (ESM)A laser threat and missile approach warning systemAn Electronic Countermeasures System (ECM), decoys, towed decoysJammers and other sensorsAvionics.Eurofighter Typhoon D.A.S.S is also equipped with a ‘Towed Radar Decoy’ . carried in the starboad side as ‘built in’ to the wing tip. Towed decoy systems are for defensive purposes & used to protect fighter jets from radar-guided missiles. These countermeasures are towed behind the host aircraft protecting it against both surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. They provide a radio-wave reflecting baid that attracts the RF-guided missiles away from the intended target.Miniature Air Launched Decoy MALDENHANCED SITUATIONAL AWARENESSEven while still on the ground, the pilot can keep a check on the position of the aircraft to be intercepted via its Data-Link (a two-way radio-controlled data exchange).The Miniature Air Launched Decoy (MALD) is used to lure enemy air defence systems into revealing themselves or attacking aircraft or ISTAR systems that can provide targeting information for stand off weapons. With a range of 500nm, endurance of 45 minutes, operating altitude of 40,000 feet plus, speed of Mach 0.91, modular electronics fit and emissions signature that is designed to mimic allied aircraft it can also be used to simply overwhelm air defences with targets, if they attack MALD they are depleting their finite missile stocks.The data-link is provided by the Multiple Image Data System (MIDS). It aids situational awareness information to the pilot. As a case in point - The french Super Omni Jet Rafale utilises ‘a one-way datalink’ with the missile when it has been fired, not the 2 - way ‘Datalink’. which Typhoon and Gripen E are equipped with – which allows for much more accurate and reliable guidance during very long range engagements whilst the missile is in semi-active mode.Kuwait’s Typhoons will be the first to use the Lockheed Martin Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod (ATP), which has recently been upgraded to include two-color laser spot tracking, short-wave infrared, and advanced non-traditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR) modes.New-customer Typhoons Will Be the Most Advanced Yet***********************************************************************************In 2011, the RAF deployed 10 x Typhoon aircraft to its base in Italy for operations in Libya, and achieved 4,500 flying hours without an engine change. The aircraft operated in its air-to-air role and for the first time attacked ground targets using laser-guided Paveway bombs. “The sensors on the aircraft are so good it’s a question of how we use that information and how we get it to other fast jets and ground allies. It is about ensuring the right information is in the right place at the right time.” — Air Cdre Linc Taylor, Royal Air Force.A U.K. Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon used a brimstone missile to destroy a boat used by Islamic State in Syria, the RAF said Friday, 2019 February 22 release, marking the first time the aircraft has deployed the weapon system. Brimstone is an air-launched ground-attack missile developed by MBDA for the RAF, specifically to target enemy armor. The Brimstone launcher carries three missiles in a single weapon station. Its equipped with enhanced autopilot, the Dual Mode SAL / millimetric wave (mmW) seeker, and the insensitive munition-compliant rocket motor and warhead.For Air to Ground missions you have the ability to simply look outside at where a target is then cue the weapon system to look there with the Litening Designator Pod. Due to this capability it means that after identifying a target, you can drop a Paveway IV, 500-lb precision weapon on it in seconds.**************************************************************************************WEAPONSMauser Cannon 27 mmIt has 13 hardpoints which allows for up to 3 fuel drop tanks and 10 missiles/laser guided bombs or 13 missiles/laser guided bombsLong Range 6 x BVR Matra- Meteor AMRAAMClose range SRAAM is 2 x AIM-132 ASRAAM.A range of air-to-ground weapons can be carried, including the new Storm Shadow CASOM, Brimstone anti-armour weapon, and the future Precision Guided Bomb (PGB).Manufacturers ban Euro Fighhter in exports for carrying nuclear weapons. RAF standoff weapon is the Matra-BAe Storm Shadow cruise missile.SCALP - STORM SHADOW Air-Launched, Long RANGE , Stand-Off Deep Attack MissileThe Storm Shadow missile is designed to penetrate deep into hard rock targets. It is equipped with fire-and-forget technology and fully autonomous guidance.The missile has a length of 5.1m, wingspan of 3m, and a body diameter of 0.48m. It weighs 1,300kg and has a range of more than 250km. The Storm Shadow missile is equipped with a Turbomeca Microturbo TRI 60-30 turbojet propulsion system, which can produce a 5.4kN of thrust.The missile is fitted with a two-stage bomb royal ordnance augmented charge (BROACH) blast/ penetrator warhead.The first stage of the warhead makes the way for the second stage by cutting the surface of the target. The larger second stage (main) of the warhead then penetrates into the target and detonates.The navigation system of the missile includes inertial navigation (INS), global positioning system (GPS) and terrain reference navigation for better control over the path and accurate target strike. The missile is fitted with a passive imaging infrared seeker. Once released from the aircraft, the missile follows a pre-programmed path at low level with the help of continuous updates from the onboard navigation system. It employs imaging infrared seeker to compare the actual target area with stored imagery repeatedly until signNowing the target.The Storm Shadow is also in service with the air forces of Italy, Greece, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is referred to as Black Shaheen in the UAE Air Force service.The Storm Shadow can be integrated into Tornado GR4, Tornado IDS, Saab Gripen, Mirage 2000, Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon and JSF F - 35 aircraft.CROWN JEWEL BVR - M E T E O R MBDA** Meteor : Beyond Visual Range BVRAAM Air to Air with Active Radar Guidance.Meteor offers a multi-shot capability against long range manoeuvring targets, jets, UAVs and cruise missiles in a Loaded Electronic Counter Measure environment , called ECM. It has range well in excess of 100 kilometres . Meteor can be launched as a stealth missile. It is equipped with enhanced kinematics features. It is capable of striking different types of targets simultaneously in almost any weather.Meteor’s stunning performance is achieved through its unique ramjet propulsion system – solid fuel, variable flow, ducted rocket. This ‘ramjet’ motor provides the missile with thrust all the way to target intercept, providing the largest No-Escape Zone of any air-to-air missile.No -escape zone of over 60 km is largest among air-to-air missiles according to manufacturer. Solid-fueled ramjet motor allows missile to cruise at a speed of over mach 4 and provides the missile with thrust and mid-way acceleration to target interception.The Typhoon is a super fighter within visual range , though we must always remember that at WVR , Its not fighting the aircraft but the pilot.*******************************************************************************COSTS AND REVIEW SUMMARYMaintenance cost of Typhoon is on higher side than that of Rafale.Unit Cost in excess of 125 MUS$ per aircraft.Euro Fighter Edges out all competitors such as Rafale in its Maneuverability, Higher THRUST Power , Increased Combat Radius, Excellent IRST , Advanced CM / Decoy system & higher Service Cieling . Yes Quality is Expensive. Its a potent partner for Euroean nations with JSF Lightning II F - 35.Where Typhoon acting as Air Superiority Leader and clearing Air enemy jets ; F - 35 Stealth acting as Battle manager - A Command & Control capable - Data fusion Electronic based - Striker bomber role for taking out SAM , S - 400s , AWACS etc and other remaining flying assets which may have avoided Euro Fighter Jet by flying away…!https://www.eurofighter.com/the-...***********************************************************************************Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.Thanks for reading..
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What are some things that happen only in India?
My Native language is Bihari ( Maithili to be precise ) but I have been born n brought up in Kolkata ( West Bengal, India ). I consider myself as much a Bong as anyone else & most of my friends are Bengali too….I have had instances of being bullied due to being a Non Bengali in school but that is another story….Cut to the Chase…. It happened when I was in 3rd year & I travelling in a local bus for my tutions…now, in Kolkata, the ladies seats are reserved and if those ladies seats are full, they can sit on guys seats but the guys cannot sit on ladies seat….if they do, the ladies would make a...
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If there is one thing this world is missing, what is it?
Origin of the Elements Approximately 73% of the mass of the visible universe is in the form of hydrogen. Helium makes up about 25% of the mass, and everything else represents only 2%. While the abundance of these more massive ("heavy", A > 4) elements seems quite low, it is important to remember that most of the atoms in our bodies and Earth are a part of this small portion of the matter of the universe. The low-mass elements, hydrogen and helium, were produced in the hot, dense conditions of the birth of the universe itself. The birth, life, and death of a star is described in terms of nuclear reactions. The chemical elements that make up the matter we observe throughout the universe were created in these reactions. Approximately 15 billion years ago the universe began as an extremely hot and dense region of radiant energy, the Big Bang. Immediately after its formation, it began to expand and cool. The radiant energy produced quark-antiquarks and electron-positrons, and other particle-antiparticle pairs. However, as the particles and antiparticles collided in the high energy gas, they would annihilate back into electromagnetic energy. As the universe expanded the average energy of the radiation became smaller. Particle creation and annihilation continued until the temperature cooled enough that pair creation became no longer energetically possible. One of the signatures of the Big Bang that persists today is the long-wavelength radiation that fills the universe. This is radiation left over from the original explosion. The present temperature of this "background" radiation is 2.7 K. (The temperature, T, of a gas or plasma and average particle kinetic energy, E, are related by the Boltzmann constant, k = 1.38 x 10-23J/K, in the equation E = kT.) Figure 10.1 shows the temperature at various stages in the time evolution of the universe from the quark-gluon plasma to the present time. At first quarks and electrons had only a fleeting existence as a plasma because the annihilation removed them as fast as they were created. As the universe cooled, the quarks condensed into nucleons. This process was similar to the way steam condenses to liquid droplets as water vapor cools. Further expansion and cooling allowed the neutrons and some of the protons to fuse to helium nuclei. The 73% hydrogen and 25% helium abundances that exists throughout the universe today comes from that condensation period during the first three minutes. The 2% of nuclei more massive than helium present in the universe today were created later in stars. The nuclear reactions that formed 4He from neutrons and protons were radiative capture reactions. Free neutrons and protons fused to deuterium (d or 2H) with the excess energy emitted as a 2.2 MeV gamma ray, n + p Æ d + g. These deuterons could then capture another neutron or free proton to form tritium (3H) or 3He, d + n Æ 3H + g and d + p Æ 3He + g. Finally, 4He was produced by the reactions: d+ d Æ 4He + g, 3He + n Æ 4He + g and 3H + p Æ 4He + g. Substantial quantities of nuclei more massive than 4He were not made in the Big Bang because the densities and energies of the particles were not great enough to initiate further nuclear reactions. It took hundreds of thousands of years of further cooling until the average energies of nuclei and electrons were low enough to form stable hydrogen and helium atoms. After about a billion years, clouds of cold atomic hydrogen and helium gas began to be drawn together under the influence of their mutual gravitational forces. The clouds warmed as they contracted to higher densities. When the temperature of the hydrogen gas signNowed a few million kelvin, nuclear reactions began in the cores of these protostars. Now more massive elements began to be formed in the cores of the very massive stars.
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Is the F-35 an uncompetitive fifth generation fighter plane?
QUESTION DUBBED F - 35 AS AN ‘UN COMPETATIVE 5.0 GEN JET’I will make an attempt to write an unbiased review of F - 35 , Which covers its Evolution, Exceptional advanced Systems - yet what’s written by critics.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^A generation of Airmen seems to have forgotten a simple lesson from history:‘It was leadership, not fancy equipment, that made the difference.’__________________________________________________________________________INTROCUTIONCurrently 5.0 th generation jet fighters are the most Advanced fighter jets in the wo...
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What are the best books about architecture?
If you are interested in architecture, I guess it would be nice for you to get a glimpse into two different sides of it – the technical and the subjective ones.As for the technical side, almost every architecture student will come across Architect's Data (commonly referred to as simply Neufert) during their university studies. This originally German book written by Ernst Neufert is a reference for spatial requirements in building design and site planning. It is meant to help students and architects in their initial design stage of a project by providing extensive information about spatial requirements. Dealing mostly with ergonomics and with functional building layouts, thousands of drawings illustrate the text, organized according to building typologies.Neufert will give you some ideas about the projecting practice in architecture.Below is an example of Neufert's content:As for the subjective side, I recommend you The Architecture of Happiness by Alain de Botton. This book discusses the importance of beauty. De Botton, inspired by Stendhal's motto "beauty is the promise of happiness," analyzes human surroundings and how human needs and desires manifest their ideals in architecture. This book was a source of some valuable lessons for me. One of them, which I ought to never forget, came from the quote below:The noblest architecture can sometimes do less for us than a siesta or an aspirin.The Architecture of Happiness is a great introduction to architecture as a subjective matter.Hope this helps!
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