eSign Form for Administrative Simple

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Absolutely! airSlate SignNow is designed to cater to businesses of all sizes, including small enterprises. Its cost-effective plans and e simple features allow even the smallest businesses to harness the power of digital signatures without signNow investment.

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Consider you are investing lump-sum or SIP into mutual fund regular plans.What are you missing out on?You forgot to track the most important thing, Expense Ratio. Here is the Wikipedia definition "The expense ratio of an asset fund is the total percentage of fund assets used for administrative, management, advertising and all other expenses. An expense ratio of 1% per annum means that each year 1% of the fund's total assets will be used to cover expenses."When you invest via regular plan, the Mutual Fund house needs to factor in the trail commission it must pay to the the distributor or the agent for getting them the business. And this commission is earned by transferring a lower return to a regular fund investor vs a direct fund investor. Let's see how this works?Here is a snapshot of Kotak Select Focus Fund on 10th May, 2018. The change in NAV was -0.48% with respect to previous day value.Now let's look at the regular plan of the same fund, it fell 0.01% more. This is how, the commission is collected slowly & steadily to be paid to the distributor.Some of you would be thinking, ahh 1% yearly -who cares?If you had to choose a home loan & had two options, one offering 8.75% & other 9.75%, who would you choose? Obviously the one offering lower interest rates. Then why do you ignore the same criteria in mutual funds?If you invest Rs. 10,000 in a monthly SIP with an average return of 14% in direct plans, the return at the end of 20 years would be 1.3 crore. And if you invest in regular plans, considering an additional 1% as the expense ration, the investment at the end of 20 years will be 1.1 crore. Now, consider the difference if you invest even more, you'll get your answer.Where do i buy Direct Mutual Fund Plans?With the ease in KYC norms & e-KYC, investing into mutual funds is quite a simple process. Here are some platforms you can consider to invest into direct plans -Directly through Mutual Fund Website - Investors can choose to register on the AMC (Asset Management Company) website. You can directly fill the form to select your mutual fund plan, investment amount, frequency and other details. You need to select the mode of investment as DIRECT instead of specifying the distributor code. It is advisable to always diversify your investments across different fund houses & for the same reason you will need to maintain multiple accounts across websites to manage your investments. Although, it is an ideal way to invest but getting a 360 degree view of your investments is a difficult task.Mutual Fund Utility - All fund houses have come together to create a direct mutual fund investment platform called as MFU. You need to create a Common Account Number (CAN), which can be used for investment across all fund house to invest into Direct Mutual Funds. There is no additional fee levied on the investments made through this portal. New investors can find the portal quite confusing & not much investment insights are available as part of portfolio analysis. Here is the link - https://www.mfuindia.com/Karvy or myCams - Both these mechanisms provide direct mutual fund plans. The limitation of both these platforms is they provide investment options only for selected fund houses. In case your asset management company is not listed on either of the portals, you will again need to split your investments across multiple platforms - which destroys the entire purpose.MoneyFront - Moneyfront has almost all direct mutual funds available on it's platform. The drawback lies in it's pricing strategy. Currently they charge INR 100 per month which is billed annually. Umm..We understand not many investors will like this, specially the ones who invest periodically by analyzing the market conditions & the ones who don't put a huge amount into SIP's. The sole reason for investing in direct mutual funds is to save money, then why do you want to pay to the platform? If you wish to explore further, here is the link https://www.moneyfront.in/Zerodha Coin - You could choose to invest into both regular and direct plans through the Coin platform. If you wish to invest into direct plans, you will be charged a monthly fee of Rs. 50 post first INR 25000 investment. Again going back to the same point, if i'm starting an SIP of Rs. 500, will i be happy to pay Rs. 50 monthly. NO!! Here is the link - https://coin.zerodha.com/KUVERA - A GAME CHANGER! Yes believe it or not, you can invest into direct mutual fund plans at zero cost. The sign up process seems pretty easy & the verification process is as fast as it can get. The direct plans of all fund houses are available on their platform. You could also import your existing portfolio by uploading Karvy's Combined Account Statement. The dashboard provides meaningful insights on the portfolio performance. I have personally switched all my existing SIP's to this platform & this is my RECOMMENDATION. Here is the link - https://kuvera.in/With gaining popularity, many other platforms have opened up which offer direct plans. EvenPayTm has announced a new mutual fund investment platform to be launched soon. Read - Will Paytm's foray into mutual funds shake up the industry?Unless you need an agent or distributor to guide you, Go DIRECT!!Follow our website Mutual Funds Wiki or Facebook/Twitter page to get regular updates on best long term investment strategies -Facebook - Mutual Funds WikiTwitter - Mutual Funds WikiHappy Investing!!

Looking at the question, it seems you are keenly interested in knowing the basics of performance management. Several writers and consultants assume performance management as a metric for appraisal system. Though this is related to work system, this isn’t considered as a substitute for appraisal of employees. Also, it’s not a form for self-evaluation. Then what is performance management?Well, performance management is a communication process that is established throughout the year between manager and the employees to accomplish the strategic goals of an organization. This process includes goal settings, clarifying the objectives, completing the tasks, reviewing and providing feedback. Performance management creates opportunity for proper interaction between the manager and employees at each of these steps.Concept of performance managementAs mentioned before, it develops environment for managers to assist employees in successfully completing the project. However, it’s not just requires managers assistance, but also the active participation of employees involved in it.It ensures that employees are well aware of their roles and responsibilities in a project, know the performance level expected of them, and receive regular updates on the performance.Key components of performance management systemTypically, a performance management system includes the following components:· Define the clear job responsibilities using the employee recruitment plan that helps the selection team.· Conduct interviews to screen the pool of potential candidates.· Recruit the most qualified and suitable candidates for the project.· Welcome new employee to the organization.· Give proper induction, assign a mentor and integrate them into your office and its culture.· Hold regular meetings to analyze the strengths, abilities, and weaknesses of the employees.· Assign the tasks to the employees according to their skills that they excel in.· Provide training wherever it is needed.When do you think is there a performance management requirement?To know when you need a dedicated performance management system, you should know the type of situations you are dealing with. If you are facing complications at workplace and most of these complications arise due to any of the following, then it’s the time for investing performance management.1. When the HR department is putting more time into administrating work such as paperwork and data entry.2. When the complaints are arising about the time-consuming tasks.3. When there is misunderstanding between the manager and employees on the reviews.4. When each employee is given non-uniform tasks such as an employee getting easiest of the tasks all the time while some get hardest of the tasks.Do these situations ring any bell? Seems familiar? If yes, then it’s time to get adapted to performance management process. There is a plethora of performance management software in the market which you can choose depending on the number of people you need to involve in it. This will not only save your valuable time but also enhances employee’s efficiency at the workplace.

Disclaimer: I am a member of SDSLabs. This answer reflects my personal views and are not the views of SDSLabs as a whole. SDSLabs as a whole chose to ignore this but I think otherwise.Let's start off with some stats. I'm in 3rd year and have been part of SDSLabs' recruitment process in 2nd and 3rd year. So for these two years, here are the most relevant stats for this question:2013: 5 out of 6 candidates who were selected in both chose SDSLabs over IMG2014: 5 out of 5 candidates who were selected in both chose SDSLabs over IMGYou don't see stats here because no one from SDSLabs answered, IMG definitely wasn't going to quote these numbers and the anonymous guys won't know these numbers.I cannot be sure of why the people who chose SDSLabs chose so but I can talk about myself. I did not appear for IMG test. Why? Simple. IMG projects are all institute projects. I don't want to be dictated on what I should work on when I'm in college. I love my freedom. Plus, when I was in my first year, I had attended the open lectures conducted by SDSLabs on topics like HTML, CSS, PHP, JS etc. Even when I was not part of SDSLabs, I already knew about them and the quality of work they were doing. I could see their enthusiasm and interest towards technology through these lectures and outsignNow programs. IMG, on the other hand, was like a closed garden.Also, I think this is relevant too, IMG rejected people likeCapt Nemo (Abhay Rana), who is without doubt one of the best developer in IIT RoorkeeHarshil Mathur, one of best hackers that IITR has seenChetty Arun, one of the best designer in IITRAbhishek Das, this guy has GSOC, Google student ambassador for IITR and OWASP internship under his belt.This says volumes about their recruitment process.One answer here mentionsI see channeli coming up with a whole new design with many more apps almost every month (yaadein, thinktank, the mcm form and lots more and yeah maybe they should do something about the iitr website).Yaadein is not a new app. They make it online at the end of every academic calendar.Thinktank is also an old app.MCM form is not an app. If it is one then all submission forms in the world are apps.Also, the new channeli design was under development for 3 years before its launch.The same answer saysIn my experience I have seen far more changes in the channeli as compared to sdslabs ( where the only changes I have seen is the addition of a bunch of questions on code-village that too I have heard is done by PAG).Here's SDSLabs' timeline of stuff done in the year 2013:January 2013: Developed Cognizance 2013 Main WebsiteFebruary 14 2013: Launched Campus CupidFebruary 2013: Codematics, SrishtiMarch 2013: Conducted Backdoor, IITR's first CTF competition, and this had international participationMarch 2013: Conducted Insomnia and this had international participation too.April 2013: Won Deloitte Collegiate Cyber Security Competition for 2 years in a row.Summers: Released IIT JEE Rank ListAugust-October 2013: Lectures on HTML, CSS, JS, Ubuntu Meetup, Linux Installation partySeptember 4 2013: Conducted Codeblitz 4October 17 2013: Launched ErdosOctober 17 2013: Launched new CodebotOctober 19 2013: Conducted Syntax Error, IITR's first hackathonOctober 24 2013: Launched StudyportalOctober 24 2013: Launched EchoOh and before I forget, added a few problems on Code Village with the help of PAG some time in the year I guess we did not promote our activities well enough. I apologise for that and promise that we'll do better. In the meanwhile you should follow us on FB: SDSLabs SDSLabs not only develops apps, they also promote technology and software in the campus of IITR. If I were to face the question ever, I wouldn't need more than a split second to settle upon SDSLabs.PS: I had seen this question before but did not answer because I wanted to post it with the stats for 2014.EDIT: Shaumik Daityari's edit clarifies on tasks done by IMG. Let's not get lost in description of work because if I added one for each of the points in timeline that I have listed, this answer would become too long to read. The stats remain the main part of my answer.

DigiLocker, a national Digital Locker System has been recently launched by the Govt. of India. This Digital Locker (elocker) is part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Digital India program/initiative.Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DeitY) under Ministry of Communications & IT- Government of India, has launched the Beta version of this online documents storage facility on 10th feb 2015Before understanding more about this online e-storage facility, kindly note that you need to have Aadhaar number (issued by UIDAI-Unique Identification Authority of India) to use DigiLocker facility. Digital Locker System or DigiLocker is an Aadhar-linked facility.What is DigiLocker (Digital Locker System)?DigiLocker is an online storage facility provided by the Government of India to store your important documents. You can upload documents like Voter Id card, PAN card, BPL card, Driving license, education certificates etc., These documents will be linked to your Aadhar number and can be treated as authorized documents. So, you may not need to carry physical documents while applying for jobs or government certificates or educational institutions etc.,Why DigiLocker?Most of our important documents are prevalent in physical form, leading to huge administrative overhead.Challenge to us in submitting multiple physical copies of the documents.Challenge to the institutions/govt/agencies to verify the authenticity of the documents.Objectives/Features/Benefits of Digital Locker system (DigiLocker)The following points will make you understand how the online digital storage system (DigiLocker) works.It will enable digital empowerment of residents by providing us with Digital Locker on thecloud. As mentioned above, you can upload your important documents and keep them online. Digital Locker is linked to your Aadhaar number.Minimize the use of physical documents. Uploading your certificates like those related to birth, marriage, income and caste certificates on the e-locker will ensure that there is no need to carry them in the physical format when they are needed for educational or job applications. For example – You are applying for a job in BSNL. While verifying your application, BSNL can access your Education related certificates on DigiLocker, based on your Aadhar number. (Here BSNL can be called as ‘Requester.’ Requester has to register for accessing repository of documents available on digital locker system).You can also share e-documents online with any registered requester agency or department.Ensure Authenticity of the e-documents and thereby eliminating usage of fake documents.Secure access to Govt. issued documents through a web portal and mobile application for residents. For example – RTO (Regional Transport Office) can issue driving certificate and upload the document (in standard format) in the designated repository. The document (driver’s license in this case) will be pushed to the concerned resident’s (you)Digital Locker based on his/her Aadhaar number. In this case RTO can be called as an ‘Issuer.’ Another example can be, in future an Educational University can issue Graduation certificates and upload them to digital locker system. Students can then access their respective education certificates online (based on Aadhaar Id number).Anytime and anywhere access to the documents.Enable e-Signing of documents and make them available electronically. Digital signature can be done online. (I believe e-sign online service is not yet integrated)Dedicated personal storage space (10MB). This may be increased to 1 GB in future.Architecture to support a well-structured standard document format to support easy sharing of documents across departments and agencies.Ensure privacy and authorized access to residents’ data.You can also download eAadhar from the DigiLocker portal/website.You can access List of issuers which have issued e-documents to resident (you) and list of requesters which have accessed resident’s (your) documents.Who are the stakeholders of DigiLocker?As highlighted in the above points, the key stake holders (parties) who can access the Digital Locker system are Residents, Issuers and Requesters. Government is planning to roll out this facility throughout India. It is encouraging Government agencies (can be a requester or an issuer) to on board on Digital locker system. Going forward, it may also encourage Employers to use this DigiLocker system.Issuers of documents (in standard format) can be – Registrar office, Income Tax department, RTO, Educational institutions etc., (Issuer is an entity issuing e-documents to individuals in a standard format and making them electronically available).Requesters of documents can be – Employers, Universities, Passport Office etc., (Requester is an entity requesting secure access to a particular e-document stored in the repository).Resident can be – An individual (you) who uses the Digital Locker service based on Aadhar and OTP (one time password) authentication.How to activate (or) access DigiLocker (Digital Locker system/facility)?To Sign-up for the DigiLocker you need to have an Aadhaar number and a mobile number registered with Aadhaar.Visit digitallocker.gov.in (Click on the image to enlarge it)Enter your Aadhar number (12 digit UID number).Enter the characters displayed in the captcha code.After clicking signup/login button, an OTP (One Time Password) will be sent by UIDAI to the mobile number and email-id registered with your Aadhaar. (OTP is valid for 30 minutes) (I have logged into the portal and it is really quick and simple).Enter the OTP and click on “Validate OTP” button. Once the OTP is validated the signup and login is complete.Below screenprint shows you the various menu options that are available on the home page. (Click on the image to enlarge it)You can upload various documents like SSC certificate, PAN card, Voter Id etc., On successful upload, the document will be listed under “Uploaded Documents” subsection.You can find ‘Share’ option Under the menu ‘My certificates.’‘My profile’ menu section displays the complete profile of the resident (Name, Date of Birth, Gender,Residential Address, email, mobile number) as available in the UIDAI database.My Issuer – This section displays the Issuer name and the number of documents issued to the resident by the issuer.My Requester – This section displays the Requester name and the number of documents requested from the resident by the requester.Directories – This section displays the complete list of registered Issuers and Requesters along with their URL.How can I share the e-documents in my digital locker?For sharing your e-document (mentioned as URI under “Digital Documents” subsection or under “Uploaded Documents” subsection) you need to click on “Share” link provided against the document you would like to share. A dialog box will pop up. Please enter the email address of the recipient in the dialog box and click “Share” button. The document will be shared with the recipient via email. The recipient will receive an email from “no-reply@digitallocker.gov.in”. The subject line of the email will mention the document name and document type. The email body will have the URI-Uniform Resource Indicator link of the document and the sender name and Aadhaar number. The recipient can access the document using the URI link provided in the email.(A URI is a Uniform Resource Indicator generated by the issuer department, which is mandatory for every e-document of the digital locker system. This unique URI can be resolved to a full URL (Uniform Resource Locator) to access the actual document in appropriate repository).I believe this is a good initiative by our government. The challenge is to implement and execute this new-age idea across different agencies/govt departments/institutions.Edit 1 : Source : Govt's Digital Locker System - Details & Benefits of "DigiLocker"

There is one “legendary treasure” in Vietnam that many people might not be aware of.Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Myanmar, and the Philippines don’t have this treasure.China has it. The USA has it. Western and Northern Europe has it.What characteristics do the above three have in common?They are all economically powerful. This “treasure” is one of the reasons that could help them quickly developing manufacturing industries and reducing operating costs. Therefore, this “legendary treasure” is a secret weapon for “modern” economic prosperity.Unfortunately, India, the Middle East, and Australia don’t have this treasure.Now I am telling you that Vietnam has this treasure. If Vietnam uses it well, they could achieve double-digit economic growth.Can you guess what is this “treasure”? Please pause for a minute and think about it.Let me give you a hint for this puzzle: “Balloons”.I know it is a very difficult puzzle. If you wish to know the answer, please continue to read this extremely long post. I’m sure you can learn something new about Vietnam.First, we need to use China as a reference to understand Vietnam. Here is the satellite image of the Yangtze River Delta in China.If you zoom in and traverse along the bank of Yangtze from the coast to inland for around 1000km, you will find thousands of ships sailing along the river. This is a sign of a booming economy.Ships sailing east in Yangtze River, Nanjing, China 32°10'10.4"N 118°57'19.9"EIn Vietnam, there is a similar river called Mekong River or the Nine Dragons River. The Mekong river is very similar to the Yangtze River in China. Both of them are long, wide and steady. The Mekong river is also an international river. It runs through China's Yunnan Province, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and signNowes the sea in Vietnam.Mekong river delta in Vietnam, a dense mesh of canal networks can be seenIf you zoom in and traverse along the Mekong River from the coast and move upstream, you can find numerous vessels sailing along the river, either big and small.Thành Phố Châu Đốc 朱笃市 10°42'20.9"N 105°08'03.0"EBut wait, this is not the “treasure” I am talking about. There are a lot of other great river deltas around the world. What’s special about Vietnam?To understand what’s special about Vietnam, let’s look at the Ganges-Brahmaputra River Delta in Bangladesh and India for comparison. They obviously have a much bigger and wider river originating from the Himalayas.Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta in India and BangladeshHowever, if we zoom in and have a closer look at the Brahmaputra river, we can see that the Brahmaputra is actually not “one” river but many small rivers intertwined together.The Brahmaputra river streams intertwine like “roots”, 25°50'01.2"N 89°50'34.4"EDuring the monsoon season, it becomes “one” river. The heavy rainfall during monsoon pours a huge amount of water into this river. These streams would form into one river and flood all the fields along the bank. In the dry season, there is not enough water to fill the whole width of the river, leaving a few streams intertwined on the river bed.Since the river flow volume fluctuates so much, it is impossible for big ships to travel along the river. That’s why India and Bangladesh can’t develop large inland river commodity shipment.So how do we address this river problem? Now it is time to reveal the treasure: “balloon lakes” (吞吐型湖泊).A balloon lake is a kind of fresh-water lake that is connected to a river. In a rainy season or monsoon season, balloon lakes take in an extra amount of water from the river to avoid excessive floods. In the dry season, balloon lakes spit out water into the river to keep the river flowing smoothly.China‘s Yangtze River is connected with five balloon lakes: Changhu Lake, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Chaohu Lake, and Hong Tse Lake. In the monsoon season, these lakes are like a sponge, absorbing a huge amounts of water and expanding several times its original size. In the dry season, these lakes supply a huge amount of water back to Yangtze River.From the following satellite image, we can see that the Poyang Lake is spitting water to the Yangtze River. (Satellite image usually shows a dry season image in China. They can not be taken during the monsoon season due to the heavy clouds.)Poyang Lake, a balloon lake in China 29°43'36.0"N 116°11'02.2"ESimilarly, the USA has its Great Lakes serving as balloon lakes. Some questioned it is not. But we can’t deny the fact that the Mississippi River is steady and calm so that cargo ships can sail from the ocean and signNow deeply inland.So enough about China and the USA, what about Vietnam?Of course, the Mekong River in South East Asia is also blessed with a huge balloon lake. And only Vietnam and Cambodia can enjoy the benefits.This is the Tonlé Sap Lake Tonlé Sap - Wikipedia in Cambodia, the largest lake of South East Asia. This lake is also a typical balloon lake.The Mekong River is connected to the lake at Phnom Penh in Cambodia. During the monsoon season, Mekong river can pump extra water into the lake. During the dry season, water from Tonlé Sap flows into the Mekong river, boosting the flow volume downstream.Balloon lakes do have their side effects. Because they expand several times over during the monsoon season, people living around these regions suffer a lot from flooding. However, only Cambodia carries the burden of expanding balloon lakes. It is so lucky for Vietnam to just enjoy its benefits. Vietnam, you should be really grateful for Cambodians taking the side effects.Now we understand what are the balloon lakes. Next, let me explain why the balloon lake is the secret legendary weapon for Vietnam to boost its economy (and same for China, USA, and Europe).A legendary weapon has its “special effects”Weapon effect 1: -80% flooding damageRivers with large or many balloon lakes would get more flooding-tolerant. During the monsoon season, extra water would be buffered in the balloon lake and flooding in the downstream would become less severe. This signNowly benefits the massive amount of Vietnamese people living in the delta.Without balloon lakes, for example, India has suffered from the monsoon floods for thousands of years. People are reluctant to put efforts into building their villages and improvement.“If my farmland and home get destroyed every year by flooding, why do I need to keep working on it?”And therefore during monsoon season, those Indian farmers who live by the river would normally do less farm-work and this seems to have influenced their culture over the thousands of years.Flooding in India during the monsoon season.In contrast, let’s look at Vietnam in the Mekong river delta region. The Vietnamese named this delta the “Nine Dragon Rivers Delta”. This delta region is the most productive region in Vietnam. Its rice production accounts for almost half of the total Vietnam rice production.Nine Dragon Rivers are filled with a dense mesh of canals 10°05'31.4"N 105°25'29.7"EThe Vietnamese people spent hundreds of years digging canals for irrigation, growing rice and cultivating their fish ponds. Thanks to the balloon lakes upstream, those canals and rice fields don’t get destroyed by flooding. They might still get light flooding occasionally but not to the devastating extent of their farms and homes, which get destroyed every year.For the past hundreds of years, Emperor Gia Long of the Nguyen Dynasty (嘉隆帝) has led his people to construct massive canal networks over the delta. With this dense canal network, the Mekong Delta is less prone to flooding.These cultivation and hard working styles have also been embedded in Vietnamese cultures too.Weapon effect 2: +Constant River Flow EffectOn the other hand, balloon lakes provide a constant flow of water all over the years. The constant flow could drive rivers to deepen their river bed. The river surface becomes calm too. So the river would never become fragmented and intertwined like the Brahmaputra river in India.Now you might understand why the Vietnamese love to travel by boats and why their rivers are so calm and steady. Normal families can carry their produce using their own boats and sell products on the market set on the flat river. This becomes a part of their unique culture too. This kind of transportation is extremely cost-effective and convenient.River market around Can Tho, fourth largest city in VietnamCai Rang Floating Market around Can ThoWhat is the proof claiming that balloon lakes have such effects?Based on the description of the Mekong River from The Use of Rivers for Transportation in Vietnam:Upstream from Phnom Penh, navigation along the Mekong River is impaired by natural obstructions so that vessel transport is confined to relatively short river segmentsPhnom Penh is exactly where the balloon lake Tonlé Sap is connected to the Mekong River. Without the supplements from Tonlé Sap, upstream Mekong River gets less water during the dry season and therefore it is unnavigable. It is not due to the Chinese dams built along the upstream Mekong river as some people claim.Weapon unique effect I: -400% inland logistics costsA steady river surface and deep river bed provide an ideal environment for inland cargo shipping. This kind of transportation is very cost-effective and efficient. People in Vietnam use it for carrying sand, stones, coal, and other construction materials to build their homes and factories. It might look rustic to you, but it is actually much cheaper to carry it by boat compared to a truck. This happens in China, USA, and Europe as well.Now the Vietnamese have also realized their huge potential in large scale commodity shipping in the Nine Dragon River. A 7000 tonnage commodity ship can now sail deep into Mekong river and signNow the Vietnam and Cambodia border. And, in theory, the ship can signNow all the way to Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia.Why is large tonnage shipping so essential on the manufacturing industry? Let me use a very simple example:Suppose the city of Can Tho (芹苴市), the fourth largest city of Vietnam, wants to manufacture car components for Hyundai. The city needs to import 5000 tons of oil and coal to generate power. It also needs to import 5000 tons of raw materials including steel and other smaller components from other parts of Vietnam or the rest of the world. After manufacturing, it needs to export the 5000 tons of car components to the rest of the world.Imagine what would be the cost if you transport them using trucks? using trains? or using ships? Of course, we know that ships are the cheapest. But even for shipping, it is much cheaper to use one 5000 tonnage ship instead of 50 100-tonnage small ships. These costs would be reflected in the final price of “Made-in-Vietnam” and their competitiveness in attracting foreign investments.A 5000-ton container ship sails along with the Mekong riverWeapon unique effect II: Riverbank has the same effect as CoastlinesInland rivers with balloon lakes naturally have deeper river bed, which can support large-tonnage commodity shipping. Therefore, it actually has the same effects as the coastlines. Moreover, it is much better than coastlines because you have double land exposure on both sides of the river bank; the land price by the river is much cheaper than the land price by the coast.Look at the rest of South East Asia, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, they all have great ports along their coast. Why do I believe Vietnam has better potential than them? They have fewer flatlands along the coast. Those lands are typically very expensive.Now let’s go back to China and see how China efficiently uses this “legendary weapon” to make its Made-in-China products “cheap” despite the higher labour costs. The following satellite image shows a section of Yangtze River in Jiangsu, which is around 300km upstream from the coast.Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China 32°12'39.1"N 119°40'27.4"EIf we zoom in, we can find a typical Chinese factory that manufactures cheap electronics. What’s interesting about this factory is that they have their own ports by the river.An example of a standalone Chinese manufacturing factory by the Yangtze river. 32°12'39.1"N 119°40'27.4"EContainer ships can offload the factory import containers and take aboard the export containers. Moreover, the container ships can serve all the other factories along the river in one go. Now do you realise the amazing efficiency in both logistics and factories revealed here?It is much cheaper to set up factories deeply inland than the coastal area by seaports. If you are an investor, would you place your factory here? Of course, you will consider if the logistic cost reduction overweights the labour cost increase.This is one of the factors that contribute to why China can make “made-in-China” goods so cheap. It is not due to the cheap labour, but cheap logistic, its scale and land costs. If you have time, please use your Google Earth to have a look at the bank of all the river networks in China, and you will find countless factories along the rivers. That also explains why Southern China is relatively more economically prosperous than Northern China.Hopefully, from the explanation above, you can also understand why it is very difficult for India to develop cheap logistic networks. It is because of their lack of navigable river networks.Now let’s go back to Vietnam.What’s amazing for Vietnam is that it has two river deltas: the Mekong River Delta (21 million people) and the Red River Delta (17 million people). Both are destined to become megalopolis of over 20 million people in the next 50 years of urbanisation.For the Red River Delta in the north, the Vietnamese government also accidentally made two artificial “ballon lakes”: Thac Ba Lake and Hoa Binh Lake. Both lakes are connected to the red river, making the red river easy to navigate.Thac Ba Lake 21°47'59.2"N 104°58'33.9"EWhat’s more amazing is that Vietnam is blessed with a long coastal line as well as dense river networks. Look at the river and coastal map of Vietnam:With proper port infrastructure developments, cargo ships in Vietnam have the potential to navigate any part of the country cheaply through seas and rivers. Its exposure to navigable waters is higher than in other ASEAN countries. That’s why Vietnam has a brighter future than any other ASEAN country.Besides its geographic potential, let’s look at Vietnam’s climate potential.Based on the German climate classification, Köppen climate classification - Wikipedia, we can find that Northern Vietnam is the only region of South East Asia that has “temperate climate”. A temperate climate is especially beneficial in developing the economy. The world’s most developed regions are normally correlated with regions of temperate climate but not tropical climate.Fortunately, Northern Vietnam has a similar climate as in the Canton region of China including Hong Kong and Shenzhen. It means that Northern Vietnam has the same climate potential to develop its economy as Canton.Why is the tropical climate not as beneficial in developing the economy? One possible explanation is that people in tropical regions with hot and humid climate are normally reluctant to work. You get tired easily when working at a hot temperature. The climate affects their psychology and becomes less hard-working. And it has been embedded in their cultures over thousands of years. Moreover, hot and humid weather causes more diseases, deadly bugs and disasters, making it more expensive to install basic welfare for the whole society.So Southern Vietnam is not so lucky in terms of its climate. Its potential and labour efficiency might take a hit due to its hot and humid weather. However, there is a way around this. The Vietnamese government needs to learn from Singapore to focus more on the health system, pest control, and basic education in the tropical area. There is no other tropical country in the world that does better than Singapore.And actually, hot and climate weather is not a problem when it comes to air conditioning. Even in a temperate climate, most cities in China are actually much hotter than Vietnam during the summer. That’s why the Chinese government promotes its domestic air conditioning industry and signNowly lowers the air conditioning costs and electricity costs. As a result, normal Chinese household can at least afford an air conditioner.Therefore it is essential for the Vietnamese government to focus on promoting its air conditioning penetration. At least ensure an air-conditioned environment in every school, hospital and public transport hub.Yes, Vietnam is currently on its correct track. It surpasses Thailand in term of air conditioner sales and soared to the same level as India and Indonesia, despite having fewer people of around 100 million. The Vietnamese government should try their best to attract air conditioning industry and foster domestic AC brands.Vietnam a really cool market for air-conditioner makers - VnExpress InternationalNow we understand Vietnam has its geographic potential and climate conditions to become a manufacturing hub. But the next question is: Does the Vietnam government fully exploit its geographic potential?We all know the Vietnamese Communist Party has learned from China and open up its economy through a series of political and economic reforms (Đổi mới). They are fully aware that developing infrastructure is the key to unleash their geographic potentials and economic growth. That’s why we are currently seeing so much on-going infrastructure construction in Vietnam.When normal Chinese people look at these infrastructure developments in Vietnam, they would be confused. Huge bridges, huge electricity grid over rivers, rice fields and fish ponds, etc. Is it in China or in Vietnam? Why are they so similar?I’m telling you they are in Vietnam.Cầu Phước Khánh, Phước Khánh, Nhơn Trạch, Đồng Nai, VietnamMost of the projects are funded by Japanese, Korean and Chinese companies.Mega bridges constructed over Saigon River 10°39'32.1"N 106°44'24.9"ENhật Tân Bridge in HanoiVietnamese Communist Party vs Chinese Communist PartyHowever, despite the good will of developing infrastructure projects, developments in Vietnam seem to be slower than the Chinese. In 2008, when China has a similar GDP per capita as Vietnam in 2018 (around $2800), China still managed to complete a lot of infrastructure projects (per capita). One example is that in 2008, numerous Chinese cities already has several lines of metros.In contrast, in 2019, Ho Chi Minh City has yet to deliver its first metro line Ho Chi Minh City Metro - Wikipedia, despite the fact that it was first proposed in 2001.For Hanoi, two metro lines are on construction. However, progress is also signNowly slower if you compare with the Chinese speed.Due to the lack of efficient public transport, Vietnamese people still have to use scooters for commuting. Yes, it is efficient for individuals but it is not so efficient in terms of the whole urban transportation network and development.Why are infrastructure developments in Vietnam so slow? Some of my Vietnamese friends said it was due to the corruptions. But I would say, I didn’t see too much difference between the Chinese and Vietnamese in terms of corruption. But why could the Chinese get things done quickly despite corruption?Let’s look at the fundamental difference between the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to understand why.Difference 1: Lack of strong leadership and meritocracyThe two populous river deltas in Vietnam is a blessing but also a curse. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are over 1000 km apart and they do have difference culturally and politically. As a result, the VCP has to compromise and balance the interests between the two regions.That’s why we can see VCP normally picks a Northern Vietnamese as their General Secretary of VCP, a Central Vietnamese to be the President of Vietnam, and a Southern Vietnamese to be their prime minister (or rotation). The three leaders have approximately similar power and they can check and balance with each other. We typically call it the “Troika” of Vietnam. There is no apparent top leadership among them.They are efficient if the three leaders are heading for the same direction but not so efficient if they are heading for different directions. In China, there are a lot of debates in whether a strong capable leader is better for a nation or seven strong capable leaders are great for a nation. It remains to be seen.But what is true is that the three leaders in Vietnam will form their own circles of power and interest groups. It breaks the meritocracy promotion and circulations because you always have a leader from the North and a leader from the South. As there is no higher leadership that oversees them, it is more difficult to crack down corruptions top-down in the pyramid power grid.To know more about this pyramid power theory on to reducing corruption, please check my answer in:Janus Dongye Qimeng's answer to How much corruption is there in PR China? How does it differ on the different levels of the administration, and what is its history?Recently Vietnam seems to learn from China and broke this “Troika” relation. Now Vietnam has two leaders. Is there a possibility they might eventually have one leader? That remains to be seen.What if Vietnam becomes a democratic country? There would be a north-friendly party and south-friendly party. Democracy would only further polarise their political divide and destabilise the country. And of course, it would never prevent corruption problems just like India.Difference 2: Private ownership of the land in VietnamThe second fundamental difference between Vietnam and China is that VCP allows its people to own their land, whereas all the lands in China are owned by the government and the Chinese government only leases its land to the people.Again, I am not saying that one is necessarily better than the other. Both have advantages and disadvantages. But the most notable effect is that it is easier for China to acquire land for its infrastructure projects. Those Chinese people who own the right to use the land would hurry to extend their current floor plan just hoping the government might acquire their land for better compensation. You might not see this trend in other parts of the world.The second effect is that Vietnam local governments are too weak in terms of finance and power. Without the power of selling lands to real estate developers (because they don’t have enough land), the Vietnamese government is normally weak in their income.As a result, they would:propose fewer constructions compared to Chinaspark more instances of government-level corruption in other parts of the process because “it is not lucrative enough”.have to seek financial assistance from foreign countries including Japan, Korea, and China. It is likely to fall into a debt trap.Difference 3: Military doing business in VietnamAgain, this is also a controversial topic. Vietnam has its “military complex” just like the USA because it has been at war for several decades. Interest groups in the military have become so large that they now control politics and over 10% of the domestic economy of Vietnam. While Vietnam has their own state enterprises, some of them have become de facto military enterprises.Normally, a country can collect taxes and feed its military, so that its military has to listen to the state and asks for military budgets. But if the military can sustain itself through doing business, why do they need to listen to the state? If there are no checks and balances for the military, Vietnam runs the risk of being intervened and controlled by interest groups from the military. Without checks and balances, it would foster even more corruption in the military.Difference 4: Vietnam is more “democratic” than ChinaAlthough VCP learned from CCP to open up its economy through a series of political and economic reforms (Đổi mới), they actually took a more “free” approach in their political reforms. For example, the Vietnamese “congress” or the National Assembly of Vietnam is allocated with more power compared to the National People's Congress in China. The detailed difference is worth another dedicated answer. But specifically for infrastructure development, Vietnam Congress can reject development projects such as high-speed railway projects based on the representatives’ votes, which are represented by different interest groups.North–South express railway (Vietnam) - WikipediaAgain, I am not saying which approach is better. But having a different system would provide us a perfect political system experiment for us to study and compare in the next few decades. It would be extremely helpful for China’s own political reforms too.Finally, after reading about the geographic, climate and political potentials of Vietnam, I hope you can have a comprehensive view of Vietnam. Vietnam has its geographic potentials and it remains to be seen whether the Vietnam government can fully exploit its potential. But its fast-growing economy tells that its potential is being explored.Recently, many of my fellow Chinese, perhaps including me, have been bragging about the rapid development of China. The most representative picture we typically use is:This is the city of Shanghai. From 1999 to 2019, in just two decades, Shanghai witnessed an unimaginable transformation, especially on the bank in Pudong.The land of future, 10°46'16.6"N 106°42'59.5"EFrom Google Earth, if we look at the historical satellite image around 2000, we can see that the river bank (the Bund) is almost grassland. Who knows that skyscrapers arise like bamboos in the future!What if I tell you that the satellite image above is not Shanghai, but Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) in Vietnam? What if I tell you that Ho Chi Minh City is experiencing a similar growth path like Shanghai? What if I tell you that skyscrapers are already rising like bamboo in Ho Chi Minh City?Sunset of Ho Chi Minh CityAlong the bank of Saigon river, new skyscrapers are erected every year. You can easily spot the tallest building in Vietnam: landmark 81, which was completed in 2018.However, this title will be overtaken by another skyscraper, the empire city tower, an 86-story building. The tower would become a new landmark of Vietnam, just like Taipei 101 in Taiwan and Twin towers in Malaysia. And the tower would bring more investors and more skyscrapers along.Besides skyscrapers, you might also spot construction of many massive business parks in Vietnam. And you can see that these industrial zones are quickly expanding and taking over the adjacent rice fields.Industrial zone 2, Ho Chi Minh City 10°43'06.7"N 106°55'35.5"EIt is estimated that there are around 300k factories located in the city. Many of them are invested by foreign companies from Korea, China, Japan, and the USA. The most representative investments are in the electronics sector, Samsung invested 6.5 billion dollars here to manufacture its OLED monitors. Intel invested 1.5 billion dollars and built a fabrication factory here to produce their CPUs. The AirPods from Apple would also be manufactured here. The same happens in Hanoi and the rest of Vietnam as well.And also Vietnam is so lucky to become a member of each free trade agreement network led by the USA, China, and ASEAN. It gains huge benefits by being in the middle between China and USA. Foreign investments found Vietnam could be a safe spot to avoid the damage from the trade war between the USA and China.Some of my fellow Chinese fear that foreign investments leaving China for Vietnam would be bad for the Chinese economy. But from what I can see, these investments are not a zero-sum game. China can still maintain most of the foreign direct investments it has due to its massive market and excellent infrastructure. And Vietnam has just around 100 million people and it lacks the capacity to consume all the investment. For manufacturing in the downstream value chain, China should join Japan and South Korea to actively invest in Vietnam to develop its economy and get a share of its economic growth.As a Chinese, I think Vietnam will have a bright future because of its amazing geographic potential. What matters now for Vietnam is how to attract investments based on its efficient logistic networks, infrastructure and supply chain. This would be the key to overcome a potential middle-income trap in the future.Thanks for taking the time to read this extremely long post, I hope you learned something new about Vietnam and China.

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