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Request eSignature Word Computer. Explore the most consumer-friendly exposure to airSlate SignNow. Control your whole papers digesting and discussing process digitally. Range from hand held, pieces of paper-dependent and erroneous workflows to automated, electronic digital and perfect. It is simple to make, provide and signal any documents on any system everywhere. Be sure that your airSlate SignNow business instances don't fall over the top.
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FAQs
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What industries must use electronic signature software?
Any industry involving a large amount of paperwork make use electronic signatures. In other words, all industries make use of electronic signatures because all of them have piles of paperwork to handle. Some examples of such industries include financial, life science, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.Industries such as the pharmaceutical industry, have a number of licenses and other paperwork that they have to handle and keep track of. It can be a tedious task to perform such cumbersome paper processes. Therefore, e-signatures can facilitate an organisation in keeping a track of all this paperwork, by signing electronically.Healthcare industries usually involve time-sensitive documents, which need to be urgently completed. But, it can take days in case of the traditional wet ink paper signatures for the documents to signNow the signer and back, if the parties are geographically scattered. But with electronic signatures, that is not the case. Geographical barriers do not play a role. Documents which earlier needed days to be completed, can now be signed and sent back within minutes, in the click of a button. Furthermore, it takes a long time to bring assets under management. The time taken by the signing process, if wet ink paper signatures are used, may even further delay the process. But by using electronic signatures, the whole process can speed up.Apart from these, there are many paper prone industries which require huge amount of paperwork and with the use of electronic signatures they can make their everyday processes smoother and more efficient.
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How do I make my digital signature for signing a document?
In-order to obtain Digital Signature [ https://business.sify.com/services/digital-certificate ] one must apply it from an issuer. Below are a few steps to get a Digital Signature Step 1. You need to acquire the DSC(Digital Signature Certificate) [ https://business.sify.com/services/digital-certificate ] application form from sify and fill it, you also need to mention the type of entity for which you want to apply DSC for. Applicant Choice Usage Type (Drop down) MCA Efilling, Income tax, E tender, Foreign Trade, Multipurpose, Others Class Type Class 2 or Class 3 or Document Signer User Type Individual or Organization Certificate Type Signature or Encryption or Both Certificate Validity 1,2,3 Years Back Up USB token (Sent to applicant address given by the applicant) Yes (Extra Charges) or No Applicant details Applicant details Name Gender DOB Address District Pin code State Country PAN Nationality Email Contact No If Organization (Additional) Company Name Department / Industry Step 2. Provide all the necessary documents such as address proof, identity proof Document Details Identification Document : PAN Card, Passport, Aadhar, Photo ID (MHA), Driving license, Photo Id issued by govt, Post office Id, Bank passbook with photo Identification Document No: Respective Doc No Address Proof Document Organization Type Proof : Partnership firm, Company, Proprietor, AOP/BOI,LLP,NGO/Trust (If user is an organization) (Attested) Step 3. All the document provided for address proof & identity proof must be attested by an attesting officer. Documents Validation The documents mentioned by the user are validated by the business in 2 ways: 1. Online - Using Aadhar number, user has to enter the Aadhar number and respective mobile number to get an OTP, he has to input the OTP on the website to get verified or validated (if users selects organization type, online using Aadhar card will not be available) 2. Offline – Where the user can courier the attested documents to Specified address mentioned (Mentioning the time frame for validating the same) (Attested : Self and Attesting officer) Attested by from Company Secretary OR Bank Manager OR Post Master OR Gazetted Officer OR Registration Authority . Only option for organization to get documents validated. Step 4. For payment, you can visit Sify - Digital Sales Portal and pay the necessary amount online. Payment / Delivery Post online verification of the documents the user is taken to payment gateway to make the payment (GST Details requested) using Paytm or Net banking or Credit cards. Once the payment is successful the admin team gets notified and delivers the credentials Final Confirmation The User account gets auto created along this process while filling the contact form. Confirmation email and sms sent to respective email id and mobile no mentioning the Unique Id, Login credentials, Payment details and Status
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How do you electronically sign?
Signing documents virtually is the new technique availed by many industries. With this technical advancement organizations have eliminated the inconvenience of printing, signing, and scanning of papers before sending it to parties. Electronic signature [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_signature ] is the latest shortcut which saves time and money by making the process totally online. Here’s how you can sign documents electronically- Signing A Word Document If you are an organization dealing with hundreds of documents on a regular basis you must acquire efficient electronic signature software [ https://www.esignly.com/ ] or an electronic signature app. This will make the entire process swift and simple. Follow these steps to electronically sign a word document- 1. Open the word document that needs to be signed. 2. Click on the "Insert" tab after going through the contents of the document 3. Onto the right most corner Click the "Signature Line" option 4. Next you will see a "Signature Setup" window on your screen. Read the information and make sure all the fields are filled completely. Once the information is filled, click “OK”. A signature line will then appear onto your Word Document. 5. Right click on the signature line to go to the menu options. From the options specified select the "Sign" option. 6. Next click on the "Select Image" to select the image of your signature from the device you are working on by clicking on. 7. Select the commitment type in order to assign the role to the sign holder. This will also reveal the role of the signature holder and validate the document. 8. Go to "Details %3E Additional signing info" and fill in all the information required. 9. Next add the token to the signature which you have entered. This will require password to make sure that the token is added completely. 10. Your signature is now added successfully into the Word Doc. Right click to make sure that the signature is validated. Signing A PDF Document 1. Download the PDF document received to sign 2. Open the PDF form in Acrobat or Reader. 3. Click the Sign icon from the toolbar. Alternatively, you can choose Tools %3E Fill & Sign or choose Fill & Sign from the right pane. 4. The Fill & Sign tool will be displayed. In that Click Me. 5. A blue box will appear. Click anywhere in the blue box, the cursor will be placed at the right position automatically. Type your text to fill the field. 6. You can also add annotations or symbols from the toolbar like - Crossmark, Checkmark, Circle, Line, and Dot. 7. Click Apply, next click at the place where you want to place the signature or initial in the PDF document. 8. And you are done! Follow these simple steps to electronically sign a word or PDF document. Hope this helps!!!
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As a computer science student, what can I learn right now in just 10 minutes that could be useful for the rest of my life?
Have you ever felt that something(like taking backup of files, deleting old files etc.) should automatically happen when you connect your pen-drive to your system?Let us take an example, Suppose your teacher wants you to copy your assignments into his pendrive in front of him. The pen drive contains your final examination paper. You want your ubuntu system to automatically copy all the data from that pen drive to your hard disk automatically in the background (without even opening a copy dialogue). Here is how to do it on ubuntu:1] First let us write a simple shell script which we want to execute whenever a pen drive is connected to our system. Let us write a simple script which copies all data from the connected device to your home directory.First open a new fileemacs $HOME/script.shand add following lines to that file.#!/bin/bash sudo mkdir -p /tmp/test sudo mkdir -p $HOME/device_data sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/test sudo cp -r /tmp/test/* $HOME/device_data/ sudo umount /tmp/test Save and close the file.This script essentially creates a new directory named "device_data" inside your home folder and copies all the data from the pen drive into device_data directory.(Note: You can write ANYHTING into this script, so use it wisely :P)Now let us make this script executable.sudo chmod +x $HOME/script.sh As this script needs sudo permissions, we need to make it sudo runnable. To do this add the name of the script into sudoers file.Open sudoers file.sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers Now after the 25th line (%sudo…) add this line
ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/ /script.sh So now this script will run with sudo rights but will not ask for password! :)2]Now we need to tell our system to follow OUR rules (i.e execute our script) whenever a pendrive is connected. For this we need to create our own "udev rules" file. This file should be created in '/etc/udev/rules.d' directory.cd /etc/udev/rules.d Open a new file (with sudo rights):sudo emacs 91-myrules.rules Make sure the file name starts with "91". This gives your rules priority over other rules.Now add these lines into that fileACTION=="add", ATTRS{idVendor}=="****", ATTRS{idProduct}=="****", RUN+="/paht/to/your/script.sh" Make sure you enter proper path into RUN variable.Done!!Now plug any pendrive into your system and test this!Note: 1] When you connect your external drive this script will be run and your system won’t be able to use it unless this script execution is complete! So have some patience! :p 2] This answer is written for educational purposes only! Do not misuse it.Thanks Mehak Sharma for promoting the answer! -
How do I register a startup in India? How much money and time does it take? If am currently only 17, what issues will I face dur
Algorithm for starting a Private Limited Company: Engineer's View Personally I believe, If someone is starting a company with long term perspective or to bring some change through their unique Product/Services, one must go for Private limited firm. Prime reason for this is easy to raise funds from Angels/VC in case you go for investment. Step 1. Registration of Company 1. Name Selection: Check whether your desired company name is available or not at MCA website [ http://www.mca.gov.in/ ]. Name must be unique & must resemble with business you intend to do (highlighted one). EX: Arihant Labs Retail Services Pvt. Ltd 2. Registration of Name at ROC: Name approval usually takes maximum of 14 days. This is done online through MCA website. Moreover, you need to apply with at least 4 names for approval with a writeup about significance of names with main business of the company. 3. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Options for names for the proposed Company (on the basis of preference) 2. Amount of Share Capital; proposed shareholding ratio 3. A paragraph on the proposed major line of business of the company (main objects) 4. City of Registered Office. 5. Copy of ownership deed/sale deed(if property is owned) 6. Copy of rent agreement with NOC (if property is rented) 7. Copy of latest electricity bill/telephone bill/mobile bill for both directors 8. Copy of latest electric bill/telephone bill for the registered office proof. 4. Obtaining DIN & DSC: 5. 1. Documents Required 2. 1. PAN Card copies for directors and shareholders. 2. Voter ID/Passport/Driving License for directors and shareholders. 3. Occupation of the Directors for directors and shareholders. 4. E-Mail IDs of all directors and shareholders. 5. Phone Numbers for all directors and shareholders. 6. Photos for directors and shareholders 6. Company Incorporation: After above mentioned formalities have been completed, we need to file following forms/docs in Rs 100 stamp paper: 7. 1. Affidavits for non- acceptance 2. INC 9, INC 10 3. DIR 2 4. NOC : This is required to be filed by the owner of the property on which your company will be situated. 5. Subscriber Sheets of MOA & AOA 6. Documents required for filling MOA & AOA 7. 1. Must be filled on OWN handwriting 2. Passport size photos 3. Sheets needs to be witnessed by CA/CS/Advocate Step 2. Obtaining PAN/TAN: After company gets incorporated, you may apply for PAN/TAN. Step 3. Trade Licence in case you are selling PRODUCTS: This is required in some places for carrying out sales. You can obtain this from local Municipality. Step 4. VAT/CST registration for selling Products: For selling intra-state, you need VAT registration & for selling inter-state, you need to register for CST. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Trade Licence 2. Company Incorporation Certificate 3. PAN card of company as well as of all the directors 4. Proof of residence of Directors 5. Proof of occupancy of place of business (Rent agreement/ ownership deed, Rent Bills etc) 6. MOA & AOA of company 7. Current Account in the name of company in any national bank Step 5. Service tax registration for Service Industry: In India, you need to pay service tax of 14.5% on every services you have charged customer for. 1. Documents Required: 2. 1. Company Incorporation Certificate 2. PAN card of company as well as of all the directors 3. Proof of residence of Directors 4. Proof of occupancy of place of business (Rent agreement/ ownership deed, Rent Bills etc) 5. MOA & AOA of company 6. Current Account in the name of company in any national bank That's All folks! Your STARTUP is up to Conquer the World. UPVOTE & SHARE your views/issues We at labkafe [ http://labkafe.com/ ], prefer taxmantra [ http://taxmantra.com/ ] for our legal requirements.
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What are some of the best practices for designing a RESTful API?
Use a ready made RESTful API framework, because RESTful APIs work in standard ways, no reason to develope your own from the scratch.Besides that, getting the domain logic correct is essential, because most RESTful API frameworks are very easy to use; the most work load will be caused by data model changes.It is a very good idea to have multiple APIs with clear separation of domain concerns: one API for user management, one API for billing, one API for content management, one API for whatever might be relevant. The APIs should reside on the same server and same version, but under a different path.Another good idea is to avoid bidirectional many-to-many relationships. Usually many-to-many relationships are a code smell for undistilled domain models: Instead of having a many-to-many relationship for "friendship" it might be better to have a friendlist under user resource, which is updated through PUT requests OR to have a friendlist resource, which belongs to a user resource, to which you POST friends. However, in either case you have to build a script to solve the bidirectional issue.Creative utilization of RPC's also opens up flexibility to the usage of RESTful API; even better, you can use HAL+JSON for their discovery. For example, you will very often run into a situation, where you need to access foreign keys available upon POSTing or PUTing a new entity. In such case an RPC can be very helpful, especially if you can make it reusable in a declarative manner.Also, do not forget about created_at and last_modified timestamps. Having UUID's is also a neat trick in case you need to share the data accross servers. And of course, these need to be hidden fields.In case you need to create scalable background processes, you need to be sure that the API framework provides you filtered pagination of the API responses and work with batch-mode for POST and PUT requests.And one more thing. You might need immutable read-only fields in case you need to show integration data. Certain user actions might launch asynchronous calls to other APIs, for which case the user might need to be shown some kind of status updates about the progress. Another use case for read-only fields are "constructors"; when an entity is created and initialized by a global value chosen from a list of choices, you want to freeze that answer in certain use cases (e.g. asynchronous back ground processes).Hopefully this was helpful.
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Does anyone know under which section of the law comes cyber crime or bsignNowing of data on the internet?
The Information Technology Act 2000 (amended in 2008)The Information Technology Act was first drawn up in 2000, and has been revised most recently 2008. The Information Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2008 amended sections 43 (data protection), 66 (hacking), 67 (protection against unauthorised access to data), 69 (cyberterrorism), and 72 (privacy and confidentiality) of the Information Technology Act, 2000, which relate to computer/cybercrimes.Section 43 [Penalty and Compensation for damage to computer, computer system, etc.] amended vide Information Technology Amendment Act 2008 reads as under:If any person without permission of the owner or any other person who is in-charge of a computer, computer system or computer network:accesses or secures access to such computer, computer system or computer network or computer resource (ITAA2008)downloads, copies or extracts any data, computer data base or information from such computer, computer system or computer network including information or data held or stored in any removable storage medium;introduces or causes to be introduced any computer contaminant or computer virus into any computer, computer system or computer network;damages or causes to be damaged any computer, computer system or computer network, data, computer data base or any other programmes residing in such computer, computer system or computer network;disrupts or causes disruption of any computer, computer system or computer network;denies or causes the denial of access to any person authorized to access any computer, computer system or computer network by any means;provides any assistance to any person to facilitate access to a computer, computer system or computer network in contravention of the provisions of this Act, rules or regulations made there under;charges the services availed of by a person to the account of another person by tampering with or manipulating any computer, computer system, or computer network;destroys, deletes or alters any information residing in a computer resource or diminishes its value or utility or affects it injuriously by any means (Inserted vide ITAA-2008); andSteals, conceals, destroys or alters or causes any person to steal, conceal, destroy or alter any computer source code used for a computer resource with an intention to cause damage, (Inserted vide ITAA 2008) he shall be liable to pay damages by way of compensation to the person so affected. (change vide ITAA 2008)Critique: In comparison to the laws enacted in other countries, this provision still falls short of a strong data protection law. In most other countries data protection laws specify:the definition and classification of data types;the nature and protection of the categories of data;that equal protection will be given to data stored offline and data stored manually;that data controllers and data processors have distinct roles;clear restrictions on the manner of data collection;clear guidelines on the purposes for which the data can be put and to whom it can be sent;standards and technical measures governing the collection, storage, access to, protection, retention, and destruction of data;that providers of goods or services must have a clear opt - in or opt - out option; andin addition, most countries provide strong safeguards and penalties against bsignNowes of any of the aboveSection 66 [Computer Related Offences] amended vide Information Technology Amendment Act 2008 reads as under:If any person, dishonestly, or fraudulently, does any act referred to in section 43, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two three years or with fine which may extend to five lakh rupees or with both.Explanation: For the purpose of this section,-the word "dishonestly" shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 24 of the Indian Penal Code;the word "fraudulently" shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 25 of the Indian Penal Code. [Section 66 A] [Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc.] (Introduced vide ITAA 2008):Any person who sends, by means of a computer resource or a communication device,-any information that is grossly offensive or has menacing character; orany information which he knows to be false, but for the purpose of causing annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury, criminal intimidation, enmity, hatred, or ill will, persistently makes by making use of such computer resource or a communication device;any electronic mail or electronic mail message for the purpose of causing annoyance or inconvenience or to deceive or to mislead the addressee or recipient about the origin of such messages (Inserted vide ITAA 2008) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine.Explanation: For the purposes of this section, terms "Electronic mail" and "Electronic Mail Message" means a message or information created or transmitted or received on a computer, computer system, computer resource or communication device including attachments in text, image, audio, video and any other electronic record, which may be transmitted with the message.[Section 66 B] [Punishment for dishonestly receiving stolen computer resource or communication device] (Inserted Vide ITA 2008):Whoever dishonestly receives or retains any stolen computer resource or communication device knowing or having reason to believe the same to be stolen computer resource or communication device, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years or with fine which may extend to rupees one lakh or with both.[Section 66C] [Punishment for identity theft] (Inserted Vide ITA 2008):Whoever, fraudulently or dishonestly make use of the electronic signature, password or any other unique identification feature of any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to rupees one lakh.[Section 66D] [Punishment for cheating by personation by using computer resource] (Inserted Vide ITA 2008):Whoever, by means of any communication device or computer resource cheats by personation, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to one lakh rupees.[Section 66E] [Punishment for violation of privacy] (Inserted Vide ITA 2008):Whoever, intentionally or knowingly captures, publishes or transmits the image of a private area of any person without his or her consent, under circumstances violating the privacy of that person, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years or with fine not exceeding two lakh rupees, or with bothExplanation - For the purposes of this section--“transmit” means to electronically send a visual image with the intent that it be viewed by a person or persons;“capture”, with respect to an image, means to videotape, photograph, film or record by any means;“private area” means the naked or undergarment clad genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast;“publishes” means reproduction in the printed or electronic form and making it available for public;“under circumstances violating privacy” means circumstances in which a person can have a reasonable expectation that:he or she could disrobe in privacy, without being concerned that an image of his private area was being captured; orany part of his or her private area would not be visible to the public, regardless of whether that person is in a public or private place.[Section 66F] [Punishment for cyber terrorism]:(1) Whoever,-(A) with intent to threaten the unity, integrity, security or sovereignty of India or to strike terror in the people or any section of the people by –denying or cause the denial of access to any person authorized to access computer resource; or attempting to penetrate or access a computer resource without authorisation or exceeding authorized access; orintroducing or causing to introduce any Computer Contaminant and by means of such conduct causes or is likely to cause death or injuries to persons or damage to or destruction of property or disrupts or knowing that it is likely to cause damage or disruption of supplies or services essential to the life of the community or adversely affect the critical information infrastructure specified under section 70, or(B) knowingly or intentionally penetrates or accesses a computer resource without authorization or exceeding authorized access, and by means of such conduct obtains access to information, data or computer database that is restricted for reasons of the security of the State or foreign relations; or any restricted information, data or computer database, with reasons to believe that such information, data or computer database so obtained may be used to cause or likely to cause injury to the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence, or to the advantage of any foreign nation, group of individuals or otherwise, commits the offence of cyber terrorism.(2) Whoever commits or conspires to commit cyber terrorism shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to imprisonment for life’.Critique: We find the terminology in multiple sections too vague to ensure consistent and fair enforcement. The concepts of ‘annoyance’ and ‘insult’ are subjective. Clause (d) makes it clear that phishing requests are not permitted, but it is not clear that one cannot ask for information on a class of individuals.Section 67 [Publishing of information which is obscene in electronic form] amended vide Information Technology Amendment Act 2008 reads as under:Whoever publishes or transmits or causes to be published in the electronic form, any material which is lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest or if its effect is such as to tend to deprave and corrupt persons who are likely, having regard to all relevant circumstances, to read, see or hear the matter contained or embodied in it, shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two three years and with fine which may extend to five lakh rupees and in the event of a second or subsequent conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years and also with fine which may extend to ten lakh rupees.[Section 67 A] [Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc. in electronic form] (Inserted vide ITAA 2008):Whoever publishes or transmits or causes to be published or transmitted in the electronic form any material which contains sexually explicit act or conduct shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years and with fine which may extend to ten lakh rupees and in the event of second or subsequent conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years and also with fine which may extend to ten lakh rupees.Exception: This section and section 67 does not extend to any book, pamphlet, paper, writing, drawing, painting, representation or figure in electronic form-the publication of which is proved to be justified as being for the public good on the ground that such book, pamphlet, paper, writing, drawing, painting, representation or figure is in the interest of science, literature, art, or learning or other objects of general concern; orwhich is kept or used bona fide for religious purposes.[Section 67 B] Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc. in electronic form:Whoever,-(a) publishes or transmits or causes to be published or transmitted material in any electronicform which depicts children engaged in sexually explicit act or conduct or(b) creates text or digital images, collects, seeks, browses, downloads, advertises,promotes, exchanges or distributes material in any electronic form depicting children inobscene or indecent or sexually explicit manner or(c) cultivates, entices or induces children to online relationship with one or more children forand on sexually explicit act or in a manner that may offend a reasonable adult on the computer resource or(d) facilitates abusing children online or(e) records in any electronic form own abuse or that of others pertaining to sexually explicit act with children, shall be punished on first conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years and with a fine which may extend to ten lakh rupees and in the event of second or subsequent conviction with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years and also with fine which may extend to ten lakh rupees:Provided that the provisions of section 67, section 67A and this section does not extend to any book, pamphlet, paper, writing, drawing, painting, representation or figure in electronic form-(i) The publication of which is proved to be justified as being for the public good on the ground that such book, pamphlet, paper writing, drawing, painting, representation or figure is in the interest of science, literature, art or learning or other objects of general concern; or(ii) which is kept or used for bonafide heritage or religious purposes Explanation: For the purposes of this section, "children" means a person who has not completed the age of 18 years. [Section 67 C] [Preservation and Retention of information by intermediaries]:(1) Intermediary shall preserve and retain such information as may be specified for such duration and in such manner and format as the Central Government may prescribe.(2) Any intermediary who intentionally or knowingly contravenes the provisions of sub section (1) shall be punished with an imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.Critique: This provision adequately protects both the corporate and the citizen in a positive way.Section 69 [Powers to issue directions for interception or monitoring or decryption of any information through any computer resource] amended vide Information Technology Amendment Act 2008 reads as under:(1) Where the central Government or a State Government or any of its officer specially authorized by the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, in this behalf may, if is satisfied that it is necessary or expedient to do in the interest of the sovereignty or integrity of India, defense of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States or public order or for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence relating to above or for investigation of any offence, it may, subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), for reasons to be recorded in writing, by order, direct any agency of the appropriate Government to intercept, monitor or decrypt or cause to beintercepted or monitored or decrypted any information transmitted received or stored through any computer resource.(2) The Procedure and safeguards subject to which such interception or monitoring or decryption may be carried out, shall be such as may be prescribed.(3) The subscriber or intermediary or any person in charge of the computer resource shall, when called upon by any agency which has been directed under sub section (1), extend all facilities and technical assistance to –(a) provide access to or secure access to the computer resource generating, transmitting, receiving or storing such information; or(b) intercept or monitor or decrypt the information, as the case may be; or (c) provide information stored in computer resource.(4) The subscriber or intermediary or any person who fails to assist the agency referred to in sub-section (3) shall be punished with an imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.[ Section 69B] Power to authorize to monitor and collect traffic data or information through any computer resource for Cyber Security:(1) The Central Government may, to enhance Cyber Security and for identification, analysis and prevention of any intrusion or spread of computer contaminant in the country, by notification in the official Gazette, authorize any agency of the Government to monitor and collect traffic data or information generated, transmitted, received or stored in any computer resource.(2) The Intermediary or any person in-charge of the Computer resource shall when called upon by the agency which has been authorized under sub-section (1), provide technical assistance and extend all facilities to such agency to enable online access or to secure and provide online access to the computer resource generating, transmitting, receiving or storing such traffic data or information.(3) The procedure and safeguards for monitoring and collecting traffic data or information, shall be such as may be prescribed.(4) Any intermediary who intentionally or knowingly contravenes the provisions of subsection(2) shall be punished with an imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.Explanation: For the purposes of this section,(i) "Computer Contaminant" shall have the meaning assigned to it in section 43(ii) "traffic data" means any data identifying or purporting to identify any person, computer system or computer network or location to or from which the communication is or may be transmitted and includes communications origin, destination, route, time, date, size, duration or type of underlying service or any other information.Critique: Though we recognize how important it is for a government to protect its citizens against cyberterrorism, we are concerned at the friction between these provisions and the guarantees of free dialog, debate, and free speech that are Fundamental Rights under the Constitution of India.Specifically:a) there is no clear provision of a link between an intermediary and the information or resource that is to be monitored.c)the penalties laid out in the clause are believed to be too harsh, and when read in conjunction with provision 66, there is no distinction between minor offenses and serious offenses.e) the ITA is too broad in its categorization of acts of cyberterrorism by including information that is likely to cause: injury to decency, injury to morality, injury in relation to contempt of court, and injury in relation to defamation.Section 72 [BsignNow of confidentiality and privacy] amended vide Information Technology Amendment Act 2008 reads as under:Save as otherwise provided in this Act or any other law for the time being in force, any person who, in pursuant of any of the powers conferred under this Act, rules or regulations made there under, has secured access to any electronic record, book, register, correspondence, information, document or other material without the consent of the person concerned discloses such electronic record, book, register, correspondence, information, document or other material to any other person shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees, or with both. [Section 72 A] Punishment for Disclosure of information in bsignNow of lawful contract (Inserted vide ITAA-2008):Save as otherwise provided in this Act or any other law for the time being in force, any person including an intermediary who, while providing services under the terms of lawful contract, has secured access to any material containing personal information about another person, with the intent to cause or knowing that he is likely to cause wrongful loss or wrongful gain discloses, without the consent of the person concerned, or in bsignNow of a lawful contract, such material to any other person shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with a fine which may extend to five lakh rupees, or with both.General Notes and Critiques:As general notes on the ITA and data protection we find that the Act is lacking in many ways, including:there is no definition of “sensitive personal data or information” and that term is used indiscriminately without.the provisions and protections cover only electronic data and not stored data or non-electronic systems of mediain the absence of a data controller, liability is often imposed on persons who are not necessarily in a position to control datacivil liability for data bsignNow arises where negligence is involvedcriminal liability only applies to cases of information obtained in the context of a service contract.**I am neither a student of law nor attached in any way to the legal system. This is excerpted from Cybercrime and Privacy and merely reproduced here for the sake of convenience.
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How do someone can avoid the consequences occur during tax preparation?
Following are the ten tax filling mistakes one should avoid while filing his return of Income.1. Math miscalculationsThe most common error on tax returns, year after year, is bad math. Mistakes in arithmetic or in transferring figures from one schedule to another will get you an immediate correction notice. Math mistakes also can reduce your tax refund or result in you owing more than you thought.Using a tax software program to file your return can help reduce math errors. The built-in calculators do the work for you, adding, subtracting and inserting numbers on additional forms as needed. But you still have to make sure your initial numbers are correct. Entering $3,500 when the real figure is $5,300 makes a lot of tax difference. Getting the numbers right is crucial because you can be sure the IRS will be double-checking numerical entries against its copies of your tax statements (W-2, 1099s and the like).When IRS examiners find a discrepancy, they'll definitely let you know and, in many cases, will correct your mistake and refigure your taxes for you. Don't give them the chance. Make sure your math entries are right.2. Computation errorsThese are cousins to the standard math mistakes. In these computation cases, taxpayers or their tax pros make mistakes in figuring such tax-return entries as taxable income, withholding and estimated tax payments.Credits and special deductions also pose problems. Errors regularly show up, says the IRS, in figuring the earned income credit, the taxable amount of Social Security benefits or in calculating the larger standard deduction for taxpayers who are age 65 or older or blind. A common connection in all of these errors is added work sheets or forms before the amounts are transferred to the taxpayer's Form 1040.3. Misspelled or different namesThe IRS is all about numbers, but words -- specifically names -- are important, too. When the names of a taxpayer, his or her spouse or their children don't match the tax identification number that the Social Security Administration has on record, that difference will cause the IRS to kick out or slow down processing of the tax return.This often is a problem for new wives. Many women change their surnames when they marry. That's also an option for spouses in same-sex marriages, which the IRS now recognizes. If you didn't alert the Social Security Administration of your name change soon after your wedding, do so now so that your new name won't cause a problem when you file your first joint tax return.And if marital bliss doesn't last and you change your name after a divorce, make sure Uncle Sam's appropriate agencies know that, too.4. Direct deposit dangersTaxpayers can have a refund directly deposited into multiple bank accounts. This option is a great way to save your refund money, but the more numbers you enter on a tax form, the more chances you have to enter them incorrectly. And a wrong account or routing number could cause you to lose your refund entirely.You can divide your refund into 3 accounts by filing Form 8888 along with your individual return. It's not a difficult document to complete, but if you put in wrong account numbers, your refund could end up in someone else's account or be sent back to the IRS. Either way, you might not be able to retrieve your refund because there is no IRS procedure for replacing lost electronically transferred funds.Incorrect account numbers aren't just a problem when a refund is split multiple ways. Even if your refund is going to just 1 account, make very sure you enter your account and bank routing numbers correctly.5. Additional income, additional filing workDid you have a side job this year? If so, as a contractor you probably received a Form 1099-MISC detailing the extra earnings.What about savings and investment accounts? For these, you should have received Form 1099-INT and Form 1099 DIV statements.In each 1099 instance, the IRS knows precisely how much extra money, either as wages or unearned investment income, you made as soon as you did, thanks to the copies of your 1099 forms that went to the tax agency.If you forget to include any of these earnings on your return, the IRS examiners will let you know you owe taxes on them, too. And depending on when your oversight is discovered, you also could owe penalties and interest on the unreported earnings.6. Filing status errorsMake sure you choose the correct filing status for your situation. You have 5 options, and each could make a difference in your ultimate tax bill.If this is the first tax-filing season since your divorce and you now are a single parent, writing "head of household" probably will be more beneficial. And what if you're still married, but you and your spouse are thinking about filing separate tax returns? That works in some cases, but not all.Make sure you know what each tax-filing status entails, and choose the one that best fits your personal tax situation7. Social Security number oversightsBecause the IRS stopped putting taxpayer Social Security numbers on tax package labels in response to privacy concerns, some taxpayers forget to write in their identification numbers. Your tax ID number is crucial because there are so many transactions -- income statements, savings account interest, retirement plan contributions -- keyed to this number.The 9-digit sequence also is vital to claim several tax credits, such as the child tax and additional child tax credits, as well as ones for educational expenses and dependent care costs.8. Complete charitable contributionsDo you give to charitable groups? All types of donations, from cash to cars, could be valuable tax deductions, so make sure you count them all when you file. Be sure to follow the donation tax rules, the most important being that you give to a qualified organization -- that is, one that has tax-exempt status with the IRS. Also be careful when calculating any gifts of clothing and household items. Tax law now requires that these donations be in good or better condition or the deduction is disallowed. And remember that the amount you can claim for donated goods is the fair market value of the items; that's what a willing buyer would pay for it in its current condition, not what you paid for it.9. Signature requiredSign and date your return. The IRS won't process it if it's missing a John Hancock, and that means on e-filed returns, too. Taxpayers filing electronically must sign the return electronically using a personal identification number, or PIN. To verify your identity, you'll have to provide the PIN you used last year or your adjusted gross income from your previous year's tax return.Your tax software should walk you through the e-signature process, but if you're still mailing your return, don't be in such a hurry that you stuff your 1040 in the envelope without signing it. And if it's a joint filing, both you and your spouse must sign.10. Missing the deadlineMillions of taxpayers put off filing until the very last minute. That's OK as long as your mailed paper return is postmarked by the April filing deadline or you hit "enter" to e-file your 1040 by midnight of the deadline day.The good news for 2016 is that the April 15 due date is pushed to April 18 because of a federal holiday and the weekend. If you still can't get your forms finished by then, file Form 4868 by the deadline. This will give you a 6-month extension (which is Oct. 17, 2016 since the usual Oct. 15 deadline is on a Saturday) to submit your tax forms.Also be sure to send any tax you owe with your extension request. If you don't, you could face late-filing or non-filing penalties. Nobody wants to pay Uncle Sam a penny more than necessary, so don't make the mistake of missing the filing deadline.
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What would be the best alternative to F35?
Definitively : Better buy Dassault’s Rafale rather than F-35!In fact, if you take the F-35 adverts, Lockheed copies the Rafale’s [non-classified] capabilities, adds 5% to any and promise their aircraft will be able to do this in 5 years and they won’t fulfil their promises. Guess why they NEVER shown up to any competition where the state did comparative live tests on aircraft and why Rafale won all the tests in every country that proceeded this way, even if it didn’t ended with a sale (usually : thanks to some competitors’ bribes)So… What are advantages of Rafale over F-35?Rafale’s RCS is 0.1–0.3m², BUT a very efficient active stealth system is added, it’s not a DRFM, it works real-time on frequency-hopping radars and also works on low frequency ones while, as soon as radars are under 3GHz, F-35 is no more stealth. AFAIK, there are 31 emitters/receivers all around the airframe. Once the SPECTRA system is “on”, the detection range of the typical S-300 radar falls to about 10km and 12 km for S-400’s 91N6E (source : a mission planning over Syria was shown to the press. AdlA SPOX has shown the red bubbles over Tartous and Hmeimim saying “Here, it’s no fly zone!”. As these bases are in coastal area, by geolocating on a map, you end with these distances. Note : 91NE6 is said able to lock-on US stealth aircraft from 150km, S-400 seems to be highly feared by US DoD)Rafale has baked-in radar absorbing materials : no need for coatingRafale’s engines have a system greatly reducing exhausts temperature => IR stealth. Note that paint is anti-IR too. Rafale has the lowest IR signature on market.Thales OSF-IT and the TALIOS pod are both 2nd gen. QWIP (Quantum well infrared photodetector). 1st gen QWIPs are still being tested in USA, Russia and China. By using OSF-IT and TALIOS together, these act like multi-mirror telescopes, thus greatly extending the detection range. If their data are classified, the 1st gen OSF (optique secteur frontal) could already lock-on a subsonic F-22 from 90–155km and on a Mach 1.8 F-22 from 230–455km, distances depending on angle of view, weather, atmospheric diffraction of atmosphere, etc.RBE2/AESA radar can already be used as a kind of EMP-gun, grilling the electronics of incoming missiles.Rafale has more payload and more range than F-35.Rafale has more types of weapons available, these even include Indian, Israeli or Russian made ones.Rafale is 100% EMP protectedElbit’s HMD that was initially intended to be used on F-35 has been integrated on Rafale at India’s request. Note that the US made helmet is plagued by serious woesLockheed-Martin highly advertised their DAS system as allowing 360° view but take a look at pictures : DAS is blinded by the Sun’s light. It isn’t the case with Rafale’s DDM-NGDDM-NG is placed on each side of the tail and over/under wingtipsRafale’s ECM can disseminate several hundreds of ghost radar echoes.When Lockheed announces a $89M or $80M price per unit with the engine, they forget to say it’s what you will pay to Lockheed+Pratt & Whitney but other subcontractors have to be paid separately. Israel actually pays 144M per unit. Most optimistic experts estimate that there is no way hoping F-35A falling under $135M/unit. According to Norway, the lifetime cost of F-35A will be $785M over 50 years. Hourly cost is between $50–70k per hour. With the Indian contract, Rafale-C flyaway cost felt to $71M, lifelong cost over 50 years is $240M, hourly cost is $10–12M (it once was $16.5k but was lowered by the introduction of the M88–4e engine and lower oil prices. A Super-Hornet costs $24k/hour)91kN M88–9 and 98kN M88/Kaveri K9+ engines are already available as options, a sustained Mach 2+nose is also available as an option. This will be standard with the 2023 F4 upgrade. Mainy didn’t got that when Dassault announced Mach 1.8, it was a SUSTAINED speed. With the 75kN engines, Rafale can fly at Mach2 for 2–3 minutes, after these, the actual standard Kevlar nose may not like it. Note that if F-35A has been pushed to Mach 1.618, with a sustained Mach 1.5 speed, some areas of the tail start to melt after a few minutes.Rafale’s tail is radar transparent.Rafale upcoming F4 upgrade include a reinforcement of Rafale’s stealth. How to reinforce its stealth? Well DGA and Thales are into fitting a plasma stealth system for the M51.3 SLBM upgrade in 2025 and on the upcoming ASN4G hypersonic nuclear cruise missile. You don’t need to be a genius to think Rafale will also inherit such a feature.F-35 can at best perform 0.3–0.4 missions per 24h. If maintained “by the book” (not doing budget cuts on spare-parts, etc), Rafale performs 5–6 missions per 24h in normal use, in intensive use, Rafale-Ms onboard the Charles De Gaulle CVN have been pushed to 10–11 missions per 24h for a full week with a 95% availability. This didn’t happened during a drill but at doing the war in LibyaAbout the Libyan campaign, many surely thing that the suppression of Gaddafi’s air-defences, especially the hypersonic long range 8 battalions of recently upgraded to latest standards with latest generation of Russian anti-stealth radars mighty S-200 was done by F-22, F-117, maybe even B-2 or some F-35 prototype? Not at all! Rafales entered first and took out all S-200’s extra-systemic+standard radar-systems. Tornados entered 2nd and using AGM-88 HARM reduced the shorter range SAM batteries.Lock-Mart announces a maximum G-load of 9G, nevertheless, all F-35 have been limited to 5.5G, nevertheless, all early delivered F-35 already show metal-fatigue and will have to be retired once signNowing only 2,600 flight hours. F-35 participating air-shows have their G-threshold risen to 7G, this was calculated from the Paris air-show. F-35A showed a turrn rate of no more than 16°/s, not even the half Rafale can do. Rafale is said taking 9G by Wikipedia. G-meter on its HUD say something else : when you signNow 9G, you get a vocal+visual message telling you to release the stick. Nevertheless, footages taken from the cockpit while doing high G-manoeuvres, including while kicking F-22’s butt during a drill in the EAU, often shows 10.5 and even 11G! F-35 is unlikely to ever be able to dodge any incoming missile, Rafale is able to dodge anything on market. Rafale won’t face metal-fatigue unless being pushed to 13.1G (I doubt any pilot may withstand so much), airframe breaks at 14.5G.After the Atlantic Trident-II drill, a F-22 pilot declared that Rafale was on par with his horse. A Rafale pilot declared : “F-22? Very stealth, but not unbeatable”"If I do not keep that F-22 fleet viable, the F-35 fleet frankly will be irrelevant. The F-35 is not built as an air superiority platform. It needs the F-22" - Gen. Michael Hostage, boss of USAF Air Combat Command“F-35 needs to be protected by F-22, Typhoon or Rafale” - Pentagon’s SPOXDOT&E reports on F-35’s woes are compelling. I invite anyone to read these, thus, since DOT&E boss Dr. Gilmour resigned 2–3 years ago, it’s obvious that MANY “bugs” are now eluded, but you still can read between the lines and it still ends with any reader with serious knowledges about aviation can only conclude that… F-35 is hopeless…USAF strangely changed their 5 years procurement program : they’re into reducing seriously the F-35 purchases, inject the money in R&D for 6th gen fighter-jets and into buying at least 80 F-15X, while, not so long ago, USAF was into saying there’d soon be no more mixed fleet, everything had to be 5th gen. fighters. (Source : Aviationweek)… The more things are going, the more you conclude that Pierre Sprey was right.F-35 advertisement sounds really like the 60’s campaign for F-104. F-104 won the NATO competition on Mirage-III… Mirage-III proved itself being the best MiG-eater, the aces of aces for fighter-jets is still (Giora Epstein) a Mirage pilot after 45 years. F-104 combat records can be told about with two words : “totally irrelevant”. In fact, F-104 killed more NATO pilots than all the commies pilots over the whole cold war. How funny, F-104 had small wings and so has F-35…French 4th gen fighter was Mirage-2000. It was decided to make Rafale stealth at the same time French govt. decided to start the program in 1988. Another decision was to classify this fact under the “Secret Défense” label… Just speaking about anything under this label means that, if caught, you get no less than 8 years jail… This fact was unclassified in Dec.2015 (source : “Le Journal Officiel” where French govt. publishes all laws, decrees and official communiqués. It’s REALLY REALLY boring to read!). Indian air-marshall SB Deo was the first ever speaking about Rafale’s [I quote] “Many stealth features I can’t disclose here” in Dec.2016. Thus, in 2004, there was surely a leak around since someone asked to Popular Science magazine if the rumour about Rafale’s active stealth system was related to something physics allowed. Popular Science is known to be tied to DARPA, they answered this was feasible, but needed serious computing capabilities. Thales, FKA Thomson-CSF is into building super-computers for decades. I once was shown a picture of Rafale’s motherboard, it’s a geek dream to have something like this in his computer, but the geek is unlikely to ever be able to pay for such a mobo and the custom many CPUs onboard… Definitively not F-22’s x486 (or is it Pentium? I’m not sure!)…Knesset already refused the purchase of more F-35 for Israel : way too expensive. Despite a lowest number than their soon to be retired F-16, Belgians will have to reduce the number of flying hours by one third. Now they’re forced to pool their air-police with the Netherlands which will also end with a reduced air-force… Well, IMHO, we’ll soon see French, Germans and Brits doing the sky-police for them : the reliability issues with F-35 are already well known according to what surfaces from all users.
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